The Role of Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants in Modulating Oxidative Stress in Drug-Induced Injury and Metabolic Disorders 2020

Numerous chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular, chronic respiratory or neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, retinal damage, and others are associated with oxidative stress [...]

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Potential Effects of Melatonin and Micronutrients on Mitochondrial Dysfunction during a Cytokine Storm Typical of Oxidative/Inflammatory Diseases

Diseases ◽

10.3390/diseases9020030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Virna Margarita Martín Giménez ◽

Natalia de las Heras ◽

León Ferder ◽

Vicente Lahera ◽

Russel J. Reiter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Cytokine Storm ◽

Natural Substances ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Close Relationship

Exaggerated oxidative stress and hyper-inflammation are essential features of oxidative/inflammatory diseases. Simultaneously, both processes may be the cause or consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction, thus establishing a vicious cycle among these three factors. However, several natural substances, including melatonin and micronutrients, may prevent or attenuate mitochondrial damage and may preserve an optimal state of health by managing the general oxidative and inflammatory status. This review aims to describe the crucial role of mitochondria in the development and progression of multiple diseases as well as the close relationship among mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cytokine storm. Likewise, it attempts to summarize the main findings related to the powerful effects of melatonin and some micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), which may be useful (alone or in combination) as therapeutic agents in the treatment of several examples of oxidative/inflammatory pathologies, including sepsis, as well as cardiovascular, renal, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders.

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Dietary Regulation of Oxidative Stress in Chronic Metabolic Diseases

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10081854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1854

Author(s):

Shuai Jiang ◽

Hui Liu ◽

Chunbao Li

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Metabolic Pathway ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Tissue Homeostasis ◽

Dietary Regulation ◽

Dietary Nutrients ◽

Molecular Damage

Oxidative stress is a status of imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, resulting in molecular damage and interruption of redox signaling in an organism. Indeed, oxidative stress has been associated with many metabolic disorders due to unhealthy dietary patterns and may be alleviated by properly increasing the intake of antioxidants. Thus, it is quite important to adopt a healthy dietary mode to regulate oxidative stress and maintain cell and tissue homeostasis, preventing inflammation and chronic metabolic diseases. This review focuses on the links between dietary nutrients and health, summarizing the role of oxidative stress in ‘unhealthy’ metabolic pathway activities in individuals and how oxidative stress is further regulated by balanced diets.

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Abstract 113: Glucose Metabolic Disorders in Aging-Associated Microglial NADPH Oxidase 2 Activation and Oxidative Damage of Cerebral Microvasculature and Neurons

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology ◽

10.1161/atvb.37.suppl_1.113 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Li Geng ◽

Jian-Mei Li

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Nadph Oxidase ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Aging Brain ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Ros Production ◽

The Brain

Aging has been recognised to be a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and growing evidence suggests a role for oxidative stress. A Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase has been reported to be a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the vascular system and in the brain. However, the role of Nox2 enzyme in aging-related metabolic disorders and vascular neurodegeneration remains unclear. In this study, we used age-matched wild-type (WT) and Nox2-deficient (Nox2 -/- ) mice on a C57BL/6 background at young (3-4 month) and aging (20-24 month) to investigate the role of Nox2 in aging-related oxidative stress, metabolic disorders and cerebral vascular dysfunction. There was an aging-related increase in blood pressure in WT mice (126 mmHg for young and 148 mmHg for aging) (P<0.05); however the blood pressure was well maintained without significant change in Nox2 -/- aging mice. Compared to young WT mice, WT aging mice had significantly high levels of fasting serum insulin and this was accompanied with delayed clearance of glucose (P<0.05) indicating insulin resistance. In contrast, there was no indication of insulin resistance for Nox2 -/- aging mice. We then examined aging-related brain oxidative stress. Compared to WT young mice, there were significant increases (2.7±0.7 folds) in the levels of ROS production by WT aging brain tissue homogenates as detected by lucigenin-chemiluminescence and DHE fluorescence. Increased ROS production in WT aging brain was accompanied by a significant increase (1.8±0.3 folds) in the Nox2 expression detected mainly in the microglial cells (labelled by Iba-1) and decreases in brain capillaries (labelled by CD31) (2.4±0.8 folds) and neurons (labelled by Neu-N) (2.9±0.5 folds) (all P<0.05). Knockout of Nox2 abolished aging-associated increases in brain ROS production and significantly reduced the aging-related pathophysiological changes in the brain. In conclusion, aging-associated metabolic disorders play a crucial role in aging-associated Nox2 activation and vascular neurodegeneration. Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase represents a valuable therapeutic target for oxidative stress-related brain microvascular damage and neurodegeneration.

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