scholarly journals Applying Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis to Detect Tungsten Inclusions in Nuclear Fuel Rod End Plug TIG Welds

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Runqiu Gu ◽  
Jianfeng Cheng ◽  
Wanchang Lai ◽  
Guangxi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Tungsten Particle ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fuel Rod ◽  
Edxrf Analysis ◽  
Relative Standard

This study proposes a new method of detecting tungsten inclusions in nuclear fuel rod upper-end plug welds using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis. The Monte Carlo simulation method was used to simulate the process of detecting tungsten inclusions in nuclear fuel rod upper-end plug welds by the EDXRF. The detectable tungsten particle diameters in the zirconium alloy at different depths in welds and the detection limits of the trace tungsten dispersed in welds were obtained. Then, we constructed an experimental device that uses a CdTe detector with an X-ray tube. The results showed that the relative standard deviation of the net count rate of tungsten K-series characteristic X-rays [W (Kα)] was 1.46%, and the optimum parameters are a tube voltage of 150 kV and current of 0.5 mA. These values were used to perform energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. These results were compared to the X-ray radiographic results, which were broadly similar. Furthermore, the results of EDXRF analysis were more legible and reliable than those from X-ray radiographic inspections. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying EDXRF analysis to detect tungsten inclusions.

Nondestructive, Energy-Dispersive, X-Ray Fluorescence an Analysis of Actinide Stream Concentrations from Reprocessed Nuclear Fuel

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 163-176
Author(s):  
D. C. Camp ◽  
W. D. Ruhter
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Light Water Reactors ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Reactors

In the event that nuclear fuel from light water reactors (LWR) is reprocessed to reclaim the uranium or plutonium, several analytical techniques will be used for product accountability. Generally, the isotopic content of both the plutonium and uranium in the reprocessed product will have to be accurately determined. One plan for the reprocessing of LWR spent fuel incorporates the following scheme. After separation from both the fission products and transplutonium actinides (including neptunium and americium), part of the uranium and all of the plutonium in a nitrate solution will merge together to form a coprocessed stream. This solution will be concentrated by evaporation and sent to a hold tank for accountability. Input concentrations into the hold tank could be up to 350 g U/ℓ and nearly 50 g Pu/ℓ. The variation to be expected in these concentrations is not known. The remaining uranium fraction will be further purified and sent to a separate storage tank. Its expected stream concentration will be about 60 g U/ℓ. These two relatively high actinide stream concentrations can be monitored rapidly, quantitatively, and nondestructively using the technique of energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis(XRFA).

The Gas Proportional Scintillation Counter as a Room-Temperature Detector For Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. N. Conde ◽  
L. F. Requicha Ferreira ◽  
A. J. de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Detector ◽  
Portable Instruments ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractA review of the basic physical principles of the gas proportional scintillation counter is presented. Its performance is discussed and compared with that of other room-temperature detectors in regard to applications to portable instruments for energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. It is concluded that the gas proportional scintillation counter is definitely superior to all other room-temperature detectors, except the mercuric iodide (HgI2) detector. For large areas or soft X-rays it is also superior to the HgI2 detector.

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis at Room Temperature with an Energy Dispersive Mercuric Iodide Spectrometer

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
A.J. Dabrowski ◽  
G.C. Huth ◽  
J.S. Iwanczyk ◽  
B.C. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Cryogenic Cooling ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Entrance Window ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Present Design

We have previously reported on the uniqueness and potential of room-temperature spectrometry of low-energy x-rays with a mercuric iodide (HgI2) detector (1,2,3). In this paper we emphasize the use of HgI2 detectors for x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis.Because no vacuum plumbing or cryogenic cooling is required, the design of a mercuric iodide room-temperature x-ray spectrometer is extremely simple. Our present design consists of coupling a detector directly to the first-stage FET in a modified Tennelec 161 D preamplifier and making the configuration “light-tight”. Aside from providing a suitable entrance window, there are no other requirements for routine spectroscopy.

Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Using Synchroton Radiation

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuo Iida ◽  
Yohichi Gohshi ◽  
Tadashi Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
High Signal ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Background Ratio ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Sample Support ◽  
The Continuum

AbstractTrace element analyses by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence measurements were made using synchrotron radiation from a dedicated electron storage ring at the Photon Factory in Japan. The continuum or the monochromatic beam was used for excitation. A crystal monochromator or two types of mirror systems were used for monochromatic excitation. A high signal to background ratio was attained with the crystal monochromator, while the highest absolute detectability was achieved with the mirror system. The minimum detection limita obtained from thin samples are of the order of 0.1 ppm or less than 0.1 pg. Furthermore the signal to background ratio was significantly improved by using an X-ray mirror as a sample support in which, external total reflection of exciting X-rays occured.

The Recessed Source Geometry for Source Excited X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. N. Conde ◽  
J. M. F. dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edxrf Analysis ◽  
Source Distance ◽  
Source Geometry ◽  
Annular Source ◽  
Better Than

AbstractDifferent geometries are considered for source excited energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis Systems, including the recessed source geometry introduced in the present work. The calculated physical excitation-detection efficiencies, for the side (or annular), central, receded and recessed source geometries are presented as a function of the target to source distance, for Ca, K, S and Si targets excited with a Fe-55 XBF-3 X-ray source and xenon filled gas proportional scintillation counters. The last two geometries present in gênerai the highest efficiencies. The recessed source geometry présent the best performance with peak efficiencies a factor of 3.3 better than those for the standard side or annular source geometries.

Some Applications of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis in Minerals Exploration, Mining and Process Control

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.G. Clayton ◽  
T.W. Packer
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Exciting Radiation ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Process Stream ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rock Face ◽  
Borehole Logging ◽  
Edxrf Analysis ◽  
Field Assay

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis is finding increasing application in field assay of soils and stream sediments for geochemical prospecting; in borehole logging and core analysis for formation evaluation in mine control, and in on stream analysis for process control.The analytical capability of the method is determined by the choice of source, the energy of the exciting radiation and the energy resolution of the detector. The nature of the samples, their atomic number and concentration are also important. However, the most dominant constraints on limits of detection are often imposed by the environment at the region of measurement: by the borehole condition, the nature of the rock face or the form of the particulates and stability of the fluid in a process stream.

An improved PD-AsLS method of baseline estimated in EDXRF analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingxian Zhang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Hongfei Xiao ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Xiaozhe Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Baseline Correction ◽  
Penalized Least Squares ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Edxrf Analysis ◽  
Asymmetric Least Squares

Baseline correction is an important step in energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. The asymmetric least squares method (AsLS), adaptive iteratively reweighted penalized least squares method (airPLS), and asymmetrically reweighted penalized least...

Celebrating 40 Years of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry in Electron Probe Microanalysis: A Historic and Nostalgic Look Back into the Beginnings

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Keil ◽  
Ray Fitzgerald ◽  
Kurt F.J. Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
New Era ◽  
X Ray

AbstractOn February 2, 1968, R. Fitzgerald, K. Keil, and K.F.J. Heinrich published a seminal paper in Science (159, 528–530) in which they described a solid-state Si(Li) energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) for electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) with, initially, a resolution of 600 eV. This resolution was much improved over previous attempts to use either gas-filled proportional counters or solid-state devices for EDS to detect X-rays and was sufficient, for the first time, to make EDS a practically useful technique. It ushered in a new era not only in EPMA, but also in scanning electron microscopy, analytical transmission electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and X-ray diffraction. EDS offers many advantages over wavelength-dispersive crystal spectrometers, e.g., it has no moving parts, covers the entire X-ray energy range of interest to EPMA, there is no defocusing over relatively large distances across the sample, and, of particular interest to those who analyze complex minerals consisting of many elements, all X-ray lines are detected quickly and simultaneously.

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