scholarly journals Tukey Control Chart for Radon Monitoring in Relation to the Seismic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tahir Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Awais
Keyword(s):  
Control Charts ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Earthquake Occurrence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Original Scale ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Precursory Phenomena ◽  
Radon Monitoring

Radon is one of the precursory phenomena that exist in connection to the occurrence of earthquakes and may have potential in forecasting these hazards. The data set in this study contains the observations of radon from August 01, 2014, to January 31, 2015, collected in Sobra city, northern Pakistan. Weibull, gamma, log-normal, log-logistic, and Pareto probability distribution were fitted over the radon on its original scale and a log scale. Log-logistic best fits the radon on both scales. The Tukey control charts reveal several anomalies that were compared with earthquake occurrence. There are five earthquakes that occurred during the same period as the radon monitoring program, having magnitude ranges between 4.9 and 5.5, with the ratio between strain radius and distance to the epicenter greater than or equal to 1. The results of this study demonstrate that, for earthquakes, seismic events show a correlation with increasing concentrations of radon gas before their occurrence.

scholarly journals Tukey Control Chart for Radon Monitoring in Relation to the Seismic Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Central Limit ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Control Limit ◽  
Northern Pakistan ◽  
Earthquake Occurrence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Precursory Phenomena ◽  
Radon Monitoring

Abstract Earthquakes are among the most destructive natural disasters, which cause damage on a huge scale not only to life but to property also. Radon is one of the precursory phenomena that exist in connection to the occurrence of earthquakes and may have potential in forecasting these hazards. The data set in this study contains the observations of radon from August 01, 2014, to January 31, 2015 collected in Sobra city, northern Pakistan. Weibull, Gamma, Log-Normal, Log-Logistic, and Pareto probability distribution were fitted over the radon on its original scale and a log scale. Log-logistic best fits the radon on both scales. Log-logistic based Tukey control charts suggest a central limit of 2465.459 Bq/m3 and upper control limit of 12704.080 Bq/m3 on the original radon data, while they suggest a central limit of 7.759, upper control limit of 11.080 and lower control limit of 4.524 on the log scale. The Tukey control charts reveal several anomalies that were compared with earthquake occurrence. There are five earthquakes that occurred during the same period as the radon monitoring program, having magnitude ranges between 4.9 5.5, with the ratio between strain radius and distance to the epicenter greater than or equal to 1. Among several radon anomalies exceeding the upper control limit, the five are identified as earthquake precursors. The results of this study demonstrate that for earthquakes, seismic events show a correlation with increasing concentrations of radon gas before their occurrence.

scholarly journals Extreme geomagnetic activities: a statistical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuho Kataoka
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Storms ◽  
Magnetic Observatory ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sudden Commencements ◽  
The One ◽  
Log Normal ◽  
Geomagnetic Activities ◽  
Log Normal Distribution

Abstract Statistical distributions are investigated for magnetic storms, sudden commencements (SCs), and substorms to identify the possible amplitude of the one in 100-year and 1000-year events from a limited data set of less than 100 years. The lists of magnetic storms and SCs are provided from Kakioka Magnetic Observatory, while the lists of substorms are obtained from SuperMAG. It is found that majorities of events essentially follow the log-normal distribution, as expected from the random output from a complex system. However, it is uncertain that large-amplitude events follow the same log-normal distributions, and rather follow the power-law distributions. Based on the statistical distributions, the probable amplitudes of the 100-year (1000-year) events can be estimated for magnetic storms, SCs, and substorms as approximately 750 nT (1100 nT), 230 nT (450 nT), and 5000 nT (6200 nT), respectively. The possible origin to cause the statistical distributions is also discussed, consulting the other space weather phenomena such as solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and solar energetic particles.

scholarly journals Lithospheric structure models applied for locating the Romanian seismic events

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rizescu ◽  
E. Popescu ◽  
V. Oancea ◽  
D. Enescu
Keyword(s):  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Lithospheric Structure ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Seismic Sequences ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
Propagation Velocities

The paper presents our attempts made for improving the locations obtained for local seismic events, using refined lithospheric structure models. The location program (based on Geiger method) supposes a known model. The program is run for some seismic sequences which occurred in different regions, on the Romanian territory, using for each of the sequences three velocity models: 1) 7 layers of constant velocity of seismic waves, as an average structure of the lithosphere for the whole territory; 2) site dependent structure (below each station), based on geophysical and geological information on the crust; 3) curves deseribing the dependence of propagation velocities with depth in the lithosphere, characterizing the 7 structural units delineated on the Romanian territory. The results obtained using the different velocity models are compared. Station corrections are computed for each data set. Finally, the locations determined for some quarry blasts are compared with the real ones.

scholarly journals Genetic evaluation of the length of productive life in Holstein cattle in the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Páchová ◽  
L. Zavadilová ◽  
J. Sölkner
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Original Scale ◽  
Season Interaction ◽  
Effect Of Age

Survival Kit V3.12 was used to analyse the length of productive life of cattle in theCzechRepublic. The data set consisted of 230 028 registeredHolstein cows. The model included the time-dependent effects parity × stage of lactation interaction, herd × year × season interaction, class of milk production within herd and year, breed within years and the time-independent effect of age at first calving and the random effect of sire. The highest risk of culling was found for cows at the beginning and at the end of the first lactation and at the end of any other lactation. The risk of culling decreased with parity. The risk of culling of cows assigned to the lowest milk production class was five times higher than that of cows assigned to the average milk production class. Risk of culling diminished with a decreasing percentage ofHolstein breed. Cows younger at first calving showed a lower risk of culling. Breeding values for sires expressed as a risk ratio of their daughters were between 0.7 and 1.45. Estimated heritability of functional longevity was 0.025 on the log scale and 0.041 on the original scale.  

Tracking 3D seismic horizons with a new hybrid tracking algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. SQ39-SQ45
Author(s):  
Rahul Gogia ◽  
Raman Singh ◽  
Paul de Groot ◽  
Harshit Gupta ◽  
Seshan Srirangarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracking Algorithm ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Dense Set ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Inversion Loop

We have developed a new algorithm for tracking 3D seismic horizons. The algorithm combines an inversion-based, seismic-dip flattening technique with conventional, similarity-based autotracking. The inversion part of the algorithm aims to minimize the error between horizon dips and computed seismic dips. After each cycle in the inversion loop, more seeds are added to the horizon by the similarity-based autotracker. In the example data set, the algorithm is first used to quickly track a set of framework horizons, each guided by a small set of user-picked seed positions. Next, the intervals bounded by the framework horizons are infilled to generate a dense set of horizons, also known as HorizonCube. This is done under the supervision of a human interpreter in a similar manner. The results show that the algorithm behaves better than unconstrained flattening techniques in intervals with trackable events. Inversion-based algorithms generate continuous horizons with no holes to be filled posttracking with a gridding algorithm and no loop skips (jumping to the wrong event) that need to be edited as is standard practice with autotrackers. Because editing is a time-consuming process, creating horizons with inversion-based algorithms tends to be faster than conventional autotracking. Horizons created with the adopted algorithm follow seismic events more closely than horizons generated with the inversion-only algorithm, and the fault crossings are sharper.

Environmental monitoring programs: recognising the importance of conservation values

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Monitoring Programs ◽  
Conservation Values

The Gorgon Project will develop the Gorgon and Jansz-Io gas fields, located in the Greater Gorgon area, about 130 km off the northwest coast of WA. It includes the construction of a 15 million tonne per annum (mtpa) LNG plant on Barrow Island and a domestic gas plant with the capacity to provide 300 terajoules per day to supply gas to WA. Barrow Island—where Gorgon will be located—is an internationally significant nature reserve and the site of Australia’s largest onshore operating oil field for the past 45 years. As a world-class example of environmental management, it has shown that conservation and development can successfully co-exist. Recognising the importance of Barrow Island’s conservation values, the terrestrial and subterranean environmental monitoring program encompasses key ecological elements on Barrow Island including birds, mammals, subterranean fauna, vegetation, and surface water and land forms. These elements are monitored in relation to the potential impact from environmental stressors identified during pre-construction environmental impact assessments. Here, the author describes the monitoring surveys conducted during the year as appropriate according to the element being considered. All surveys are executed using the Gorgon Project field mobilisation and deployment process, a stringent and dedicated system that ensures all essential health and safety processes are in place and adhered to. Each element is monitored for signs of positive or negative impact across Barrow Island with comparisons made between the pre-determined Terrestrial Disturbance Footprint (TDF) and areas outside of the TDF in which the Gorgon Project is committed to causing zero environmental harm. Statistical control charts and tiered response triggers based on standard deviations are used to inform management decisions about potential environmental effects attributable to the Gorgon Project. A continuous review process is in place to ensure all monitoring programs are scientifically robust and use up-to-date methodologies. Monitoring reports are used to assess the validity of each program and supplementary programs aimed at addressing gaps in existing knowledge are started as and when needed. A reporting framework is in place to ensure regulatory authorities are informed and collaborations are sought to advance overall understanding of the ecology and biology of Barrow Island fauna and flora. The Gorgon Project is operated by an Australian subsidiary of Chevron and is a joint venture of the Australian subsidiaries of Chevron (about 47%), ExxonMobil (25%), Shell (25%), Osaka Gas (1.25%), Tokyo Gas (1%) and Chubu Electric Power (0.417%).

scholarly journals The Nested_fit Data Analysis Program

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martino Trassinelli
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Large Database ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lawn Mower ◽  
Bayesian Data Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Evidence ◽  
Spectral Profiles ◽  
Log Normal

We present here Nested_fit, a Bayesian data analysis code developed for investigations of atomic spectra and other physical data. It is based on the nested sampling algorithm with the implementation of an upgraded lawn mower robot method for finding new live points. For a given data set and a chosen model, the program provides the Bayesian evidence, for the comparison of different hypotheses/models, and the different parameter probability distributions. A large database of spectral profiles is already available (Gaussian, Lorentz, Voigt, Log-normal, etc.) and additional ones can easily added. It is written in Fortran, for an optimized parallel computation, and it is accompanied by a Python library for the results visualization.

scholarly journals Prescription Opioid Usage and Abuse Relationships: An Evaluation of State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Efficacy

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. SART.S2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Reisman ◽  
Pareen J. Shenoy ◽  
Adam J. Atherly ◽  
Christopher R. Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prescription Opioids ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Prescription Opioid Abuse

Context The dramatic rise in the use of prescription opioids to treat non-cancer pain has been paralleled by increasing prescription opioid abuse. However, detailed analyses of these trends and programs to address them are lacking. Objective To study the association between state shipments of prescription opioids for medical use and prescription opioid abuse admissions and to assess the effects of state prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) on prescription opioid abuse admissions. Design and Setting A retrospective ecological cohort study comparing state prescription opioid shipments (source: Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders Systems database) and inpatient admissions for prescription opioid abuse (source: Treatment Episode Data Set) in 14 states with PDMPs (intervention group) and 36 states without PDMPs (control group) for the period 1997–2003. Results From 1997 to 2003, oxycodone, morphine, and hydrocodone shipments increased by 479%, 100%, and 148% respectively. Increasing prescription oxycodone shipments were significantly associated with increasing prescription opioid admission rates (p < 0.001). PDMP states had significantly lower oxycodone shipments than the control group. PDMP states had less increase in prescription opioid admissions per year (p = 0.063). A patient admitted to an inpatient drug abuse rehabilitation program in a PDMP state was less likely to be admitted for prescription opioid drug abuse (Odds ratio = 0.775, 95% Confidence Interval 0.764–0.785). Conclusions PDMPs appear to decrease the quantity of oxycodone shipments and the prescription opioid admission rate for states with these programs. Overall, opioid shipments rose significantly in PDMP states during the study period indicating a negligible “chilling effect” on physician prescribing.

Long-period long-duration seismic events during hydraulic stimulation of shale and tight-gas reservoirs — Part 2: Location and mechanisms

Geophysics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. KS109-KS117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrajit Das ◽  
Mark D. Zoback
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Tight Gas ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hydraulic Stimulation ◽  
Tight Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Stimulation Of

Long-period long-duration (LPLD) seismic events that have been observed during hydraulic stimulation of shale-gas and tight-gas reservoirs appear to represent slow shear slip on relatively large faults. Within the limitations of the recording geometry, we determine the areas in the reservoirs where the events are located in two case studies in the Barnett shale. In one data set, LPLD events appear to occur in the region where the density of natural fractures as well as the fluid pressure during pumping were highest. In the other data set, the LPLD events are observed to occur between two wells and seem to establish a hydraulic connection between them. In both data sets, the LPLD events occur in areas with very few located microearthquakes. A combination of factors such as high fluid pressure and/or high clay content is potentially responsible for the slowly slipping faults. The LPLD events appear to be occurring only on faults large enough to produce a sequence of slow slip events. We suggest that these slowly slipping faults contribute appreciably to the stimulation of these extremely low-permeability reservoirs and hence mapping the distribution of faults and fractures and areas with rock properties that favor slow, sustained slip, can help in optimizing production.

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