scholarly journals Ocular Manifestations, Visual Field Pattern, and Visual Field Test Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yun Jeong Lee ◽  
Seung Chan Lee ◽  
Seo Young Wy ◽  
Hoo Young Lee ◽  
Hyang Lim Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Field Pattern ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Glaucoma Suspect ◽  
Homonymous Hemianopsia ◽  
Ocular Manifestations

Purpose. To analyze ocular manifestations, visual field (VF) pattern, and VF test performance in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke patients. Methods. This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 118 patients (236 eyes) with TBI and stroke who had undergone VF testing by standard automated perimetry with the central 24-2 threshold test. Clinical features including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular manifestations, and VF test results including VF defect pattern, reliability, and global indices were analyzed and compared between the TBI and stroke patients. Results. In TBI patients, ocular manifestations included strabismus (11.1%), cataract (4.2%), and glaucoma suspect (2.8%), whereas in stroke patients, cataract (15.2%), strabismus (8.5%), diabetic retinopathy (4.9%), extraocular movement (EOM) limitation (3.0%), glaucoma suspect (3.0%), nystagmus (2.4%), drusen (1.2%), and vitreous hemorrhage (1.2%) were found. The VF test results showed that 47 eyes (85.5%) in TBI and 86 (65.2%) in stroke had VF defect; in TBI, the scattered pattern was the most common (56.4%), followed by homonymous hemianopsia (14.5%), homonymous quadrantanopia (10.9%), and total defect (3.6%), whereas in stroke, homonymous hemianopsia was the most common (31.8%), followed by scattered pattern (16.7%), homonymous quadrantanopia (12.1%), and total defect (4.5%). Only 15 eyes (27.3%) in TBI and 32 (24.2%) in stroke showed reliable VF indices. The mean deviation (MD) was −10.5 ± 7.1 dB in TBI and −9.5 ± 6.8 dB in stroke, and the pattern standard deviation (PSD) was 4.9 ± 3.3 dB in TBI and 6.1 ± 3.9 dB in stroke, without statistically significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion. Various ocular manifestations were found, and a considerable proportion of patients were experiencing VF defects and showed unreliable VF test performance. Our findings suggest that accurate evaluation and rehabilitation of visual function should be a matter of greater concern and emphasis in the management of TBI and stroke patients, besides systemic diseases.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Exacerbates Emotional Complaints but not Cognitive Impairments in Individuals Suffering from Postconcussional Disorder after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C. Schroeder ◽  
Ronald M. Ruff ◽  
Lutz Jäncke
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Composite Scale

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on (a) neuropsychological test performance and (b) self-reported emotional complaints within individuals suffering from postconcussional disorder (PCD) after a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). A two-group comparative research design was employed. Two MTBI samples with and without PTSD were assessed with a neuropsychological test battery and the Ruff Neurobehavioral Inventory (RNBI). On the neurocognitive test performances no significant between group differences were found, but the MTBI group with PTSD endorsed a significantly greater number of emotional complaints, especially in the RNBI subscales of anxiety and depression. The patients with PTSD also endorsed a significantly greater number of premorbid sequelae in the RNBI emotional composite scale as well as the RNBI premorbid subscales of pain, anxiety and abuse. In sum, PTSD has a negative impact on emotional but not cognitive functioning within individuals suffering from PCD after a mild TBI.

Verbal Recall After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Sensitivity of the Rapid Screen of Concussion

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karleigh Jayne Kwapil ◽  
Gina Geffen ◽  
Ken McFarland ◽  
Veronica Eileen DeMonte
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Learning Test

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine whether including a sensitive test of immediate and delayed recall would improve the diagnostic validity of the Rapid Screen of Concussion (RSC) in mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) versus orthopaedic clinical samples. Two studies were undertaken. In Study 1, the performance of 156 mTBI and 145 orthopaedic participants was analysed to identify the number of individuals who performed at ceiling on the verbal memory subtest of the RSC, as this test required immediate and delayed recall of only five words. A second aim was to determine the sensitivity and specificity levels of the RSC. Study 2 aimed to examine whether replacement of the verbal memory subtest with the 12-word Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) could improve the sensitivity of the RSC in a new sample of 26 mTBI and 30 orthopaedic participants. Both studies showed that orthopaedic participants outperformed mTBI participants on each of the selected measures. Study 1 showed that 14% of mTBI participants performed at ceiling on the immediate and 21.2% on delayed recall test. Performance on the original battery yielded a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 80% and overall correct classification of 81.5% participants. In Study 2, inclusion of the HVLT improved sensitivity to a level of 88.5%, decreased specificity to a level of 70% and resulted in an overall classification rate of 80%. It was concluded that although inclusion of the five-word subtest in the RSC can successfully distinguish concussed from non-concussed individuals, use of the HVLT in this protocol yields a more sensitive measure of subtle cognitive deficits following mTBI.

Long-term Quality of Life After Decompressive Craniectomy in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Vicino ◽  
Philippe Vuadens ◽  
Bertrand Léger ◽  
Charles Benaim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Decompressive Craniectomy ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Stroke Patients

Abstract PurposeDecompressive craniectomy (DC) can rapidly reduce intracranial pressure and save lives in the acute phase of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke, but little is known about the long-term outcome after DC. We evaluated quality of life (QoL) a few years after DC for severe TBI/stroke.MethodsThe following data were collected for stroke/TBI patients hospitalized for neurorehabilitation after DC: 1) at discharge, motor and cognitive sub-scores of the Functional Independence Measure (motor-FIM [score 13-91] and cognitive-FIM [score 5-35]) and 2) more than 4 years after discharge, the QOLIBRI health-related QoL (HR-QoL) score (0-100; <60 representing low or impaired QoL) and the return to work (RTW: 0%, partial, 100%)ResultsWe included 88 patients (66 males, median age 38 [interquartile range 26.3-51.0], 65 with TBI/23 stroke); 46 responded to the HR-QoL questionnaire. Responders and non-responders had similar characteristics (age, sex, functional levels upon discharge). Median motor-FIM and cognitive-FIM scores were 85/91 and 27/35, with no significant difference between TBI and stroke patients. Long-term QoL was borderline low for TBI patients and within normal values for stroke patients (score 58.0[42.0-69.0] vs. 67.0[54.0-81.5], p=0.052). RTW was comparable between the groups (62% full time).ConclusionWe already knew that DC can save the lives of TBI or stroke patients in the acute phase and this study suggests that their long-term quality of life is generally quite acceptable.

Factors Underlying Neuropsychological Test Performance in Chronic Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Peach
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Mental Efficiency ◽  
Language Measures ◽  
Head Type

The neuropsychological test performance of subjects with traumatic brain injury (TBI) of the closed head type was investigated using a test battery consisting of traditional clinical instruments with expanded language measures. TBI subjects were specifically selected to include only those with a pattern of predominantly diffuse cerebral injury to allow conclusions regarding language performance in the absence of focal aphasia-producing lesions. Factor analysis of the test scores resulted in the extraction of three interpretable factors associated with performance on this battery: perceptual, general language, and mental efficiency. The results were compared to those obtained in previous factor-analytic studies of brain-damaged subjects, revealing patterns for the language/verbal subtests that diverged from those observed formerly. Two explanations are considered for these findings, the first interpretation centering on the notion of select impairments to specific cognitive processes and the second relating to impairments in the capacity to allocate resources effectively.

scholarly journals B-66 The Effect of Bilingualism on Boston Naming Test Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors and Healthy Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1014-1014
Author(s):  
D Lopez Hernandez ◽  
J Knight ◽  
P Litvin ◽  
R Rugh-Fraser ◽  
A Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Performance Validity ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Retrieval Task ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Naming Test

Abstract Objective The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is a lexical-retrieval task. It has been documented that those with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have reduced performance on the BNT. Bilingualism is also known to impact BNT performances. We examined the relationship of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on BNT performances. Method The sample (N = 95) consisted of 36 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 17 monolingual), 32 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. All participants passed performance validity testing. A 3X2 ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on BNT performance. Results A main effect was found for group (i.e., control, 6 month TBI, and 12 month TBI), p < .001, ηp² = .21. Pairwise comparisons revealed that acute TBI participants performed worse than the control and chronic TBI groups. A main effect for bilingualism/ monolingualism was found, p < .001, ηp² = .14; monolinguals performed better on the BNT. No interactions were found between TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism. Conclusions BNT performance improves overtime in TBI and the pattern of improvement post-TBI is not statistically different between bilingual/monolingual groups. Relative to monolinguals, bilingual participants demonstrated worse BNT performance.

scholarly journals B-53 Inefficient Clock-Checking is Associated with Reduced Prospective Memory Performance in Veterans with Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-999
Author(s):  
S Sorg ◽  
M Walsh ◽  
M Werhane ◽  
K Holiday ◽  
A Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Effort Testing ◽  
Checking Behavior

Abstract Objective We investigated whether clock-checking frequency during a prospective memory (PM) task differed between Veterans with reported histories of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and Veteran Controls (VCs) without a history mTBI. We hypothesized that, compared to controls, the mTBI group would less frequently clock check. Additionally, we expected that reduced clock-checking would contribute to poorer time-based PM performance in the mTBI group. Method Twenty-seven Veterans (9 mTBI and 18 VC) with sufficient effort testing completed a structured TBI history interview, the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) and the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST) as a PM task. During MIST administration, examiners recorded clock-checking behavior each time a participant physically turned a digital clock to observe the current time. Results Compared to VCs, the mTBI group performed worse on the Time subscale of the MIST [Mean (SD) VC = 6.7 (1.1), mTBI = 5.7 (1.1), p < .05], and demonstrated significantly fewer clock-checks over the duration of the test [VC = 14.2(4.7), mTBI = 10.2 (3.4), p < .05]. Clock-checking significantly correlated with MIST Time subscale performance (r = .38, p < .05). Groups did not significantly differ in PCL scores, and PCL scores did not significantly correlate with clock-checking counts. Conclusion Our preliminary results are the first to show that clock-checking behavior may contribute to reduced performance on time-based PM tasks in Veterans with histories of mTBI. Specifically, our findings demonstrate that participants with mTBI employ an inefficient time monitoring strategy wherein infrequent clock checking contributes to poorer test performance. These findings suggest that strategies to improve clock checking may improve PM performance.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Erythropoietin in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Pilot Randomized Trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nirula ◽  
R. Diaz-Arrastia ◽  
K. Brasel ◽  
J. A. Weigelt ◽  
K. Waxman
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Rule Out

Background. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a neuroprotective agent utilized in stroke patients. This pilot study represents the first randomized trial of EPO in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.Methods. Adult, blunt trauma patients with evidence of TBI were randomized to EPO or placebo within 6 hours of injury. Baseline and daily serum S-100B and Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) levels were measured.Results. TBI was worse in the EPO (n=11) group compared to placebo patients (n=5). The use of EPO did not impact NSE (P=.89) or S100 B (P=.53) levels compared to placebo.Conclusions. At the dose used, EPO did not reduce neuronal cell death compared to placebo; however, TBI severity was worse in the EPO group while levels of NSE and S100-B were similar to the less injured placebo group making it difficult to rule out a treatment effect. A larger, balanced study is necessary to confirm a potential treatment effect.

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