Psychometric Evaluation of the Electronic Pain Assessment Tool: An Innovative Instrument for Individuals with Moderate-to-Severe Dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 256-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Atee ◽  
Kreshnik Hoti ◽  
Jeffery D. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Residential Aged Care Facilities

Background/Aims: Pain is common in aged care residents with dementia; yet it often goes undetected. A novel tool, the electronic Pain Assessment Tool (ePAT), was developed to address this challenging problem. We investigated the psychometric properties of the ePAT. Methods: In a 10-week prospective observational study, the ePAT was evaluated by comparison against the Abbey Pain Scale (APS). Pain assessments were blindly co-performed by the ePAT rater against the nursing staff of two residential aged care facilities. The residents were assessed twice by each rater: at rest and following movement. Results: The study involved 34 residents aged 85.5 ± 6.3 years, predominantly with severe dementia (Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale – Cognitive Impairment score = 19.7 ± 2.5). Four hundred paired assessments (n = 204 during rest; n = 196 following movement) were performed. Concurrent validity (r = 0.911) and all reliability measures (κw = 0.857; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.904; α = 0.950) were excellent, while discriminant validity and predictive validity were good. Conclusion: The ePAT is a suitable tool for the assessment of pain in this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Pain Assessment in Older Adults with Dementia: An Exploratory Pilot Study of Paramedic Students' Perceptions of the Utility of Two Validated Assessment Tools

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vincent Lucas ◽  
Ron Mason ◽  
Michael Annear ◽  
Wayne Harris ◽  
Michael McCall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Residential Aged Care Facilities

Abstract IntroductionThis paper presents findings from an exploratory study in which undergraduate paramedic students’ trialled the use of two pain assessment tools as part of an interprofessional learning experience in residential aged care facilities. The research sought to identify the potential utility of the Abbey Pain Scale and PAINAD tools for use by paramedics with people with advanced dementia who have limited ability to communicate.MethodsThirty-one final year undergraduate paramedic students completed a 5-day clinical placement in in four residential aged care facilities in Tasmania, Australia. While on placement students used the two tools to assess pain in residents with known pain issues, under the supervision of nursing staff and paramedic tutors. A mixed methods approach, utilising a quantitative survey and a qualitative open-ended questionnaire, was adopted to ascertain students’ views on the potential for the tools to be used in paramedic practice.ResultsThe research found both tools had potential for use in paramedic practice. Feedback from students indicated both pain assessment tools had strengths and weaknesses. Recommendations were made for how each of the tools could be adapted to make them suitable for use by paramedics.ConclusionForecast increases in the number of people living with dementia, and the changing nature of paramedic practice, means that paramedics are more likely to be called on to assess pain in this population in community settings. Further research is needed to inform the development of pain assessment tools specifically for use by paramedics in these settings.

scholarly journals Validation of the Indonesian version of the graded chronic pain scale 2.0 in pain-related temporomandibular disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-6
Author(s):  
Ira Tanti ◽  
Vivi Vidya Waty Wira ◽  
Yenni Pragustine ◽  
Laura Susanti Himawan ◽  
Nina Ariani
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Disability Score ◽  
Positive Correlation

BACKGROUND Pain associated with oral problems is one of the most frequent chronic pain of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). This study was conducted to analyze the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the graded chronic pain scale 2.0 (GCPS-ID) in Indonesian patients with TMDs. METHODS The English version of the GCPS version 2.0 was translated and back-translated according to international guidelines. This study conducted from June to December 2016 at the Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, and the participants were 202 TMDs patients who had never undergone temporomandibular joint surgery or suffered facial pain for more than 6 months. The evaluation of the GCPS-ID included the internal consistency test, test-retest reliability, and construct validity tests. RESULTS The GCPS-ID had a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.896). The intraclass correlation coefficient of the pain intensity and the disability score were 0.789 and 0.706, respectively. The convergent validity demonstrated a moderately positive correlation between the GCPS-ID and the Indonesian version of oral health impact profile for TMD for pain (r = 0.595; p<0.001) and disability (r = 0.488; p<0.001). The discriminant validity between GCPS-ID and the subjective patient’s quality of life revealed a weak positive correlation (r = 0.195; p = 0.191). CONCLUSIONS GCPS-ID is a reliable and valid assessment tool for evaluating TMD pain in Indonesia.

scholarly journals A retrospective review of pain management in Tasmanian residential aged care facilities

BJGP Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen18X101629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity Veal ◽  
Mackenzie Williams ◽  
Luke Bereznicki ◽  
Elizabeth Cummings ◽  
Tania Winzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Medication History ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Residential Aged Care Facilities

BackgroundThe management of pain by GPs for residents of aged care facilities (ACFs) is very common.AimTo measure the prevalence and assess the management of pain in ACF residents, particularly those with dementia.Design & settingA retrospective review of ACF residents’ medical records was undertaken at five southern Tasmanian (Australia) ACFs.MethodData extracted included results of the most recent assessment of pain and its management, frequency and treatment of pain incidents in the previous 7 days, demographics, and medical and medication history. Univariate analysis was used to identify variables associated with increased frequency of pain episodes.ResultsThe final analysis included 477 residents. At least one episode of pain in the preceding 7 days was documented in 25.6% (n = 122) of residents' notes. Pain episodes were most commonly managed by analgesics (45.5%), massage (40.7%), and heatpacks (13.8%). Residents with dementia were not less likely to have pain identified during the past week (14% versus 20%; P = 0.09), but they were much less likely to have pain identified on their most recent pain assessment (P = 0.03).ConclusionGPs should carefully consider the suitability of using ‘as required’ analgesics. Furthermore, on admission to an ACF, GPs need to ensure a patient’s medical history includes all pain or potentially pain-causing conditions, to ensure that a resident’s pain assessment is complete. This is especially necessary for those with dementia, to ensure that staff remain vigilant about the possibility of the resident experiencing pain.

Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Mahoney Pain Scale Among Iranian Elderly With Dementia: A Methodological Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 016327872096181
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zare ◽  
Zahra Tagharrobi ◽  
Khadijeh Sharifi ◽  
Zahra Sooki ◽  
Javad Abolhasani
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Methodological Study ◽  
The Face ◽  
Pain At Rest

Valid and reliable measurement tools are necessary for pain assessment among the elderly with dementia. This study aimed to translate the Mahoney Pain Scale (MPS) into Persian and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian elderly with dementia. In this methodological study, after translating and assessing the face and content validity of MPS, 100 elderly with dementia were selected via convenience sampling from nursing homes and clinics in Kashan in 2018–19; then, MPS was completed for them both at rest and during a movement pain protocol. MPS was assessed by exploratory factor analysis, known-group comparison, convergent validity, internal consistency, equivalence, and stability. The factor analysis revealed a one-factor structure, which explained 57.11% of the total variance. The Persian MPS differentiated patients with and without known painful conditions, as well as pain at rest and during the movement pain protocol (p < .0001). There was a significant positive correlation between the scores of MPS and PACSLAC-II (r = .87, p < .0001). The Cronbach’s α, intraclass correlation coefficient and standard error of measurement of MPS were .91, .79, and ±1.37, respectively. As a valid and reliable tool, the Persian MPS can be used for pain assessment among Iranian elderly with dementia.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Surveys Using the Sexuality Assessment Tool (SexAT) in Flanders

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
Els Messelis ◽  
Michael Bauer ◽  
Elisabeth Vander Stichele ◽  
Els Elaut
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Sexual Expression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Residential Aged Care Facilities ◽  
Sexual Assessment

Abstract From 2015 it is mandatory in Flanders, Belgium, to develop a policy to deal with sexual abuse in elderly care. Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACF'S) try to focus on this mandatory, but should also pay attention to implement an overall Sex and Intimacy Policy. This study contains a Comparison of two surveys (Messelis & Bauer, 2020 and Vander Stichele, e.a. 2020) in Flanders, Belgium, both using the Sexual Assessment Tool (SeAT, Messelis & Bauer, 2017). Both studies aimed to assess how supportive residential aged care facilities are of residents' sexual expression. In the survey of Messelis & Bauer 750 aged care facilities were contacted in 2017-2018 and 69 (9,2%) completed the SexAT survey after three reminders. Vander Stichele e.a. contacted 100 aged care facilities managers in 2019. Twenty of them (20% response rate) completed the SexAT after three reminders. Findings of the Messelis & Bauer survey indicate that 70% of the facilities rated 'very good' to 'good' (score between 21-59/69), while Vander Stichele e.a. found a prevalence of 76% of this score. Both found no facilities were rated 'excellent' (score greater than 60/69). In the category 'improvement needed' (score less than 20/69), percentages were 30% and 23%; a difference of 7% (CI95% of difference in percentage includes zero, not significant). There is room for improvement in residential aged care facilities for the support of sexual expression of residents. The more recent study confirms results of the previous one, and no significant evolution was observed in two consecutive cross-sectional surveys.

scholarly journals 421 - Prevalence of Pain in Dementia Subtypes: Data from a National Sample of Aged Care Residents in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 43-43
Author(s):  
Atee M ◽  
Morris T ◽  
Macfarlane S ◽  
Cunningham C
Keyword(s):  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
The Impact

Background:Pain is poorly identified in dementia due to complete or partial loss in communication, which is associated with progressive cognitive impairment. If it goes untreated, pain can lead to behavioral disturbances (e.g., agitation/aggression), delirium, inappropriate pharmacotherapy (e.g., psychotropics), hospitalizations and caregiver distress. There are limited prevalence data in the literature on pain in dementia subtypes.Objective:This study aims to investigate the prevalence and intensity of pain in various dementia subtypes in aged care residents living with dementia (RLWD), using a technology-driven pain assessment tool.Methods:A 1-year retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on the presence and intensity of pain in referrals to Dementia Support Australia from residential aged care homes (RACHs), using PainChek®. PainChek® is a pain assessment tool that uses artificial intelligence algorithms (e.g., automated facial recognition and analysis) to identify facial expressions indicative of pain in conjunction with other digital checklists of pain behaviors such as vocalization and movement cues. Presence and intensity of pain were identified using PainChek® categories (scores): no pain (0-6), mild pain (7-11), moderate pain (12-15) and severe pain (16-42).Results:During the study period (01/11/2017-31/10/2018), a sample of 479 referrals (age: 81.9 ± 8.3 years old; 55.5% female) from 370 RACHs with Alzheimer’s disease (AD; 40.9%), vascular dementia (VaD; 12.7%), mixed dementia (MD; 5.9%), dementia with Lewy body (DLB; 2.9%), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD; 2.3%) were examined. Pain was prevalent in two-thirds (65.6%) of the referrals with almost half (48.4%) of these categorized as experiencing moderate-severe pain. MD and those with DLB (78.6% each) shared the highest prevalence of pain, followed by AD (64.3%) > VaD (62.3%) > FTD (54.6%). Prevalence of severe pain was as follow: MD (17.9%) > AD (12.3%) > VaD (11.5%) > FTD (9.1%) > DLB (7.1%).Conclusion:To date, this is the largest study that presented data on pain prevalence and intensity in major dementia subtypes in the RACH setting. Moderate-severe pain is highly prevalent in RLWD, which appears to differ by dementia subtypes. This may reveal the impact of neuropathological etiology of those subtypes on the neurobiology of pain.Word count:344 words

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of PainChek® in UK Aged Care Residents with advanced dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Babicova ◽  
Ainslea Cross ◽  
Dawn Forman ◽  
Jeffery Hughes ◽  
Kreshnik Hoti
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Aged Care ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Severe Dementia ◽  
Painful Condition ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Pain Scores

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to further validate PainChek®, an electronic pain assessment instrument, with a population living with dementia in a UK care home. Method This study utilised a correlational design to evaluate the psychometric properties of PainChek® when compared to the Abbey Pain Scale (APS). Blinded paired pain assessments were completed at rest and immediately post-movement by a researcher and a nurse. A total of 22 participants with a diagnosis of moderate-to-severe dementia and a painful condition were recruited using opportunity sampling. Results Overall, 302 paired assessments were collected for 22 participants. Out of these 179 were conducted during rest and 123 were immediately post-movement. The results demonstrated a positive significant correlation between overall PainChek® pain scores and overall APS pain scores (r = 0.818, N = 302, p < .001, one-tailed), satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.810), moderate single measure intraclass correlation (ICC = 0.680) and substantial inter-rater agreement (κ = 0.719). Conclusions PainChek® has demonstrated to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess the presence and severity of pain in people with moderate-to-severe dementia living in aged care.

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