scholarly journals An Estimate of Attributable Cases of Alzheimer Disease and Vascular Dementia due to Modifiable Risk Factors: The Impact of Primary Prevention in Europe and in Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Mayer ◽  
Alessandra Di Pucchio ◽  
Eleonora Lacorte ◽  
Ilaria Bacigalupo ◽  
Fabrizio Marzolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
The Impact

Background: Up to 53.7% of all cases of dementia are assumed to be due to Alzheimer disease (AD), while 15.8% are considered to be due to vascular dementia (VaD). In Europe, about 3 million cases of AD could be due to 7 potentially modifiable risk factors: diabetes, midlife hypertension and/or obesity, physical inactivity, depression, smoking, and low educational level. Aims: To estimate the number of VaD cases in Europe and the number of AD and VaD cases in Italy attributable to these 7 potentially modifiable risk factors. Methods: Assuming the nonindependence of the 7 risk factors, the adjusted combined population attributable risk (PAR) was estimated for AD and VaD. Results: In Europe, adjusted combined PAR was 31.4% for AD and 37.8% for VaD. The total number of attributable cases was 3,033,000 for AD and 873,000 for VaD. In Italy, assuming a 20% reduction of the prevalence of each risk factor, adjusted combined PAR decreased from 45.2 to 38.9% for AD and from 53.1 to 46.6% for VaD, implying a 6.4 and 6.5% reduction in the prevalence of AD and VaD, respectively. Conclusion: A relevant reduction of AD and VaD cases in Europe and Italy could be obtained through primary prevention.

392 THE POPULATION ATTRIBUTABLE RISK OF MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. S-81
Author(s):  
Emily W. Lopes ◽  
Mingyang Song ◽  
Kristin E. Burke ◽  
Ashwin Ananthakrishnan ◽  
James Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals The effect of body weight and alcohol consumption on hyperuricemia and their attributable population fractions: A National health survey in China

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijing He ◽  
Li Pan ◽  
Xiaolan Ren ◽  
Dingming Wang ◽  
Jianwei Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors

Introduction: The prevalence of hyperuricemia is increasing world widely; the understanding of population attributable faction of modifiable risk factors is important for disease prevention. Given the sparse evidence on how modifiable risk factors influence hyperuricemia in mainland China, we aim to explore the effect of excess weight and alcohol consumption and the population attributable fractions of hyperuricemia based on a national survey in mainland China. Methods: Using data from China National Health Survey which included 31746 Han Chinese aged 20-80 from ten provinces, we estimated the prevalence and modifiable risk factors (overweight/obesity and alcohol consumption)of hyperuricemia. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid > 417 μmol/L in men and > 340 μmol/L in women. Restricted cubic spline models were used to demonstrate the linear and non-linear association between exposures and hyperuricemia. The adjusted population attributable risk (PAR) was calculated to understand the relative importance of each modifiable risk factor. Results: The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 25.1% in men and 15.9% in women. The population fraction of hyperuricemia cases that could be avoided by weight loss was 20.6% (19.2% to 22.0%) in men and 18.1% (17.1% to 19.0%) in women. The PAR of alcohol consumption was 12.8% (8.5% to 17.1%) in men. Participants from southwest China had the highest hyperuricemia prevalence (47.9% in men and 29.9% in women), but with lower PAR of modifiable risk factors, especially in men (16.7%). Subjects in North China had lower hyperuricemia prevalence but higher PAR of modifiable risk factors. 44.8% male hyperuricemia cases in Inner Mongolia (26.9% of hyperuricemia prevalence) and 37.7% cases in men from Heilongjiang (34.4% of hyperuricemia prevalence) were attributable to overweight/obesity and alcohol consumption. Conclusion: There are significant sex and geographic difference on population attributable risk of hyperuricemia due to modifiable risk factors. More tailored prevention strategies are needed to prevent hyperuricemia through weight loss and the reduction of alcohol consumption.

Population attributable risk of modifiable risk factors associated with invasive breast cancer in women aged 45–69 years in Queensland, Australia

Maturitas ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise F. Wilson ◽  
Andrew N. Page ◽  
Nathan A.M. Dunn ◽  
Nirmala Pandeya ◽  
Melinda M. Protani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Invasive Breast Cancer ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract 2385: Epidemiology of Incident Heart Failure in a Contemporary Elderly Population: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas P Kalogeropoulos ◽  
Vasiliki V Georgiopoulou ◽  
Stephen Kritchevsky ◽  
Bruce Psaty ◽  
Nicolas Rodondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Incident Heart Failure

Despite the increasing elderly population and rising heart failure (HF) burden, epidemiology of incident HF in the elderly is not well described. We studied 2934 elderly participants without prevalent HF enrolled in the Health ABC study (aged 73.6 ± 2.9 years, 47.9% men, 58.6% white, 41.6% black) and assessed incidence rates, population attributable risk (PAR) for independent risk factors, and outcomes of incident HF. After 7.1 year median follow-up, 258 (8.8%) participants developed HF requiring hospitalization (annual rate: 13.6 per 1000 participants). Men and blacks were more likely to develop HF than women and whites: annual rate was 16.3/1000 in blacks vs. 11.9/1000 in whites [hazard ratio (HR) 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–1.80, p = 0.006]; and 15.8/1000 in men vs. 11.7/1000 in women (HR 1.34, 95% CI, 1.05–1.71, p = 0.021). Coronary heart disease and uncontrolled blood pressure had the highest PAR ( > 20% each) both in whites and blacks (Table 1 ); a substantial proportion of incident HF was attributable to metabolic and cardio-renal risk factors. The fraction of incident HF cases attributable to modifiable risk factors was higher in blacks vs. whites (68% vs. 49%). No significant sex-based differences were observed in risk factors and PAR. Participants who developed HF had a considerably higher annual mortality than HF-free participants (18.0% vs. 2.7%). Survival after HF did not differ between whites and blacks; however, rehospitalization rates were two-fold higher in blacks compared to whites (62.1 vs. 30.3 per 100 patient-years, p < 0.001), due to a higher rate of HF related readmissions in blacks. Incident HF is common in the elderly and is associated with poor outcomes. A large proportion of incident HF risk was attributed to modifiable risk factors. Significant racial differences in PAR for risk factors and hospitalization rates after incident HF need to be accounted for future prevention and treatment efforts. Table 1. Adjusted rate ratios and population attributable risk for the modifiable risk factors of incident heart failure in the Health ABC study

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document