scholarly journals Emerging Role of High Mobility Group Box-1 in Thrombosis-Related Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1319-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Wu ◽  
Ran Li ◽  
Li-Gang Pei ◽  
Zhong-Hai Wei ◽  
Li-Na Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Mobility ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

High mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1), a typical damage-associated molecular pattern protein released from various cells, was first identified in 1973. It is usually stored in the nuclei of cells. Several modifications of HMGB-1 promote its translocation to the cytosol, and it is actively or passively released from cells. When outside of the cells, HMGB-1is crucial in inflammation. It exerts its biological functions via interaction with its receptors, including receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4). A large number of studies showed a close link between inflammation and thrombosis. This review demonstrated the increased expression of HMGB-1 in thrombosis-related diseases, including coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral arterial disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and venous thrombosis. Besides, it summarized the current understanding of the emerging link between HMGB-1 and thrombosis from three aspects: platelet, NETs, and coagulation and fibrinolysis factors. Finally, it explored the possible therapeutic strategies targeting HMGB-1 for treating thrombosis-related diseases.

The Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in Neurodegeneration: A Systematic Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fathimath Zaha Ikram ◽  
Alina Arulsamy ◽  
Thaarvena Retinasamy ◽  
Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Hmgb1 Protein ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Neuroinflammatory Response ◽  
Molecular Pattern ◽  
Glycation End Products

Background: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that plays an important role in the repair and regeneration of tissue injury. It also acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine through the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), to elicit the neuroinflammatory response. HMGB1 may aggravate several cellular responses which may lead to pathological inflammation and cellular death. Thus, there have been a considerable amount of research into the pathological role of HMGB1 in diseases. However, whether the mechanism of action of HMGB1 is similar in all neurodegenerative disease pathology remains to be determined. Objective: Therefore, this systematic review aimed to critically evaluate and elucidate the role of HMGB1 in the pathology of neurodegeneration based on the available literature. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed on four databases; EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus. Results: A total of 85 articles were selected for critical appraisal, after subjecting to the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study. The selected articles revealed that HMGB1 levels were found elevated in most neurodegeneration except in Huntington’s disease and Spinocerebellar ataxia, where the levels were found decreased. This review also showcased that HMGB1 may act on distinctive pathways to elicit its pathological response leading to the various neurodegeneration processes/diseases. Conclusion: While there have been promising findings in HMGB1 intervention research, further studies may still be required before any HMGB1 intervention may be recommended as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Paradoxical role of high mobility group box 1 in glioma: a suppressor or a promoter?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Seidu ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Zhaoliang Su ◽  
Huaxi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Tissue Invasion ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Gliomas represent 60% of primary intracranial brain tumors and 80% of all malignant types, with highest morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although glioma has been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathology remain poorly understood. Clarification of the molecular mechanisms involved in their development and/or treatment resistance is highly required. High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that can also act as an extracellular trigger of inflammation, proliferation and migration, through receptor for advanced glycation end products and toll like receptors in a number of cancers including gliomas. It is known that excessive release of HMGB1 in cancer leads to unlimited replicative potential, ability to develop blood vessels (angiogenesis), evasion of programmed cell death (apoptosis), self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to inhibitors of growth, inflammation, tissue invasion and metastasis. In this review we explore the mechanisms by which HMGB1 regulates apoptosis and autophagy in glioma. We also looked at how HMGB1 mediates glioma regression and promotes angiogenesis as well as possible signaling pathways with an attempt to provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of glioma.

scholarly journals Marine and plant-based n-3 PUFA and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian S. Bork ◽  
Stine K. Venø ◽  
Anne N. Lasota ◽  
Søren Lundbye-Christensen ◽  
Erik B. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

n-3 PUFA may exert favourable effects on several processes that may inhibit the atherosclerotic process. However, the role of n-3 PUFA in lowering the risk of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) has been fiercely debated. In the present paper, we summarise the main findings from previous follow-up studies of intake and studies using adipose tissue as an objective biomarker to investigate exposure to n-3 PUFA in relation to ASCVD risk and discuss some perspectives for further research. The majority of previous studies investigating intake of marine- and plant-based n-3 PUFA have focused on CHD while other ASCVD such as ischaemic stroke and peripheral artery disease have been less studied. However, recent data from Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort suggest that marine n-3 PUFA may be inversely associated with risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and peripheral arterial disease caused by atherosclerosis. The effect of the plant-derived n-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid on ASCVD is less clear and several gaps in the literature remain to be explored.

scholarly journals The Role of the Stem Cells Therapy in the Peripheral Artery Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Biscetti ◽  
Nicola Bonadia ◽  
Elisabetta Nardella ◽  
Andrea Leonardo Cecchini ◽  
Raffaele Landolfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Stem Cells Therapy ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Vascular complications of diabetes mellitus are an important issue for all clinicians involved in the management of this complex pathology. Although many therapeutic advances have been reached, peripheral arterial disease is still an unsolved problem that each year compromises the quality of life and life span of affected patients. Oftentimes, patients, after ineffective attempts of revascularization, undergo greater amputations. At the moment, there is no effective and definitive treatment available. In this scenario, the therapeutic use of stem cells could be an interesting option. The aim of the present review is to gather all the best available evidence in this regard and to define a new role of the stem cells therapy in this field, from biomarker to possible therapeutic target.

Role of Receptors for Advanced Glycation End Products and High-Mobility Group Box 1 in the Outcome of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Type 1 Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafise Yaghouti ◽  
Reza Boostani ◽  
Asadollah Mohamamdi ◽  
Zohreh Poursina ◽  
Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
High Mobility Group ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Human T Cell ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

scholarly journals Paclitaxel Exposure and Dosage of Drug-coated Devices for the Treatment of Femoropopliteal Peripheral Artery Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceazón T Edwards ◽  
Peter A Schneider ◽  
Cindy Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Real Patient ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

The role of paclitaxel in the treatment of femoropopliteal peripheral arterial disease is currently ambiguous. A summary-level meta-analysis of randomised trials published in 2018 demonstrated that paclitaxel-coated devices were associated with an increased all-cause mortality in those who underwent treatment at 2 years and 5 years. Further evaluation has been undertaken to establish whether there is a specific dose response, mechanism or reproducible signal. At this time, there has been no confirmation of dose response, as was initially asserted by the summary-level meta-analysis. No mechanism of harm has been identified. Although an association with increased mortality has been confirmed by patient-level meta-analysis, the strength of the signal has been inconsistent. The information suggests there is only an association between paclitaxel-coated devices and increased all-cause mortality, not causation. The authors encourage additional studies designed to follow long-term results after treatment with paclitaxel-coated devices, using real patient data, before a conclusion can be made.

scholarly journals The Toll of Vascular Insufficiency: Implications for the Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Xu ◽  
Ulka Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Tlr Signaling ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Vascular Insufficiency ◽  
Cardiovascular Biology ◽  
Arterial Insufficiency ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) can result in limb loss within six months of diagnosis in a subset of patients who cannot undergo endovascular or surgical revascularization yet continues to maintain a marginal position in cardiovascular research. While a body of literature continues to grow describing the role of danger signaling and innate immunity in cardiac biology, the role of these pathways in the ischemic myopathy associated with PAD has not been extensively studied. The following report will review the current literature on the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in cardiovascular biology as well as in nonischemic myopathy. While attenuation of TLR signaling has not been shown to be clinically useful in the treatment of infectious inflammation, it may show promise in the management of severe arterial insufficiency.

scholarly journals Statins in Peripheral Arterial Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (46) ◽  
pp. 7099-7108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott T. Chiesa ◽  
Nikos Papageorgiou ◽  
Marietta Charakida
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Pleiotropic Actions

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common atherosclertico condition affecting the lower extremities. PAD patients share similar cardiovascular risk factors to coronary artery disease patients and suffer from increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Statins have been widely used in coronary artery disease patients but have been underused in patients with PAD. In the current review, we present data which support the beneficial role of statins in both reducing cardiovascular events and improving symptom-related outcomes in PAD patients. Alongside their lipid lowering effects, their pleiotropic actions are also discussed. Recent guidelines, which strongly recommend the administration of statins in PAD patients, are also presented.

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