Involvement of Plasma Endocannabinoids and the Hypothalamic Endocannabinoid System in Increasing Feed Intake after Parturition of Dairy Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 246-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Kuhla ◽  
Volkhard Kaever ◽  
Armin Tuchscherer ◽  
Angela Kuhla
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Lactating Cows

The endocannabinoids (ECs) N-arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide; AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) participate in the control of feed intake and energy metabolism. Most mammals increase their feed intake after parturition to cope with the increased energy and nutrient requirements for milk synthesis, thereby increasing their metabolic rate. Here we investigated in experiment 1 the regulation of plasma AEA and 2-AG concentrations during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation in dairy cows, and analyzed in experiment 2 the expression of the EC system in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus of late and early lactating cows using immunohistochemistry. Cows in experiment 1 were retrospectively grouped based on peak plasma fatty acid concentrations to a high (H) or low (L) group. Feed intake was not different between groups before parturition, but was lower in H than L cows during early lactation. Plasma AEA and 2-AG concentrations increased 2.2- to 2.4-fold during early lactation, in which time plasma AEA concentrations rose faster in H cows than in L cows postpartum. Upregulation of N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D together with tending increased cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) expression, and downregulation of fatty acid amide hydrolase in early lactating cows suggested an increased PVN AEA tone. The abundance of CB1 in the ARC and diacylglycerol lipase-alpha was not different between late and early lactating cows, but PVN monoacylglycerol lipase expression was 30% higher in early lactating cows, indicating diminished PVN 2-AG concentrations. The results show a potential involvement of AEA in stimulating feed intake and of 2-AG in regulating energy metabolism of early lactating cows.

scholarly journals Whole-body metabolism of glucose and lactate in productive sheep and cows

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Baird ◽  
J. G. Van Der Walt ◽  
E. N. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactate Turnover ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

1. Constant infusions of D-[U-14C]glucose, D-[6−3H]glucose and L-[U-14C]lactate were used to determine rates of apparent turnover, de novo production, disposal and interconversions of glucose and lactate, together with total recycling of glucose-C, in ewes and dairy cows during late pregnancy and early lactation. The cows were also examined while being fasted. In the fed animals, infusions were made within 5 h after the morning meal when steady-state conditions appeared to exist.2. In the ewes, circulating concentrations of glucose and lactate, and magnitudes of apparent turnovers of glucose and lactate, tended to be higher during lactation than during pregnancy, while the extent of interconversions of glucose and lactate tended to be lower.3. Although the metabolic pattern seen in the cows appeared to be similar to that of the ewes during pregnancy, there were clear differences during lactation. Thus, in the lactating cows, as compared with the lactating ewes, circulating concentrations of glucose and lactate were lower, as was apparent lactate turnover related to metabolic body-weight. Furthermore, the percentage of lactate turnover converted to glucose was higher.4. In the cows, fasting was characterized by low rates of apparent turnover of glucose and lactate and relatively high rates of interconversion of the two compounds.5. The results indicated that, under the conditions used in this study and when feeding is to recommended levels, carbohydrate metabolism in ewes is more precarious during late pregnancy than during early lactation, while in dairy cows it is more or less equally precarious in both physiological states.6. A further conclusion is that the extent of glucose–lactate interconversions, and thus Cori cycle activity, seems to be lower in ruminants than in other species.

scholarly journals Effects of early lactation concentrate level and glucogenic feed on feed intake, milk production and energy metabolism in dairy cows and heifers

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kokkonen ◽  
A. Tesfa ◽  
M. Tuori ◽  
K. Hissa ◽  
E. Jukola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Concentrate Level

Fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors display broad selectivity and inhibit multiple carboxylesterases as off-targets

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhang ◽  
Anita Saraf ◽  
Teodozyi Kolasa ◽  
Pramila Bhatia ◽  
Guo Zhu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide

Exacerbation of Background Nuclear Cataracts in Sprague-Dawley Rats in Embryo-Fetal Development Studies With JNJ-42165279, a Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitor

2021 ◽  
pp. 019262332110104
Author(s):  
Marjolein van Heerden ◽  
Wendy Roosen ◽  
Sophie Lachau-Durand ◽  
Graham Bailey ◽  
Anthony Ndifor
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Lens Fiber ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide

Fetal examinations in embryo-fetal developmental (EFD) studies are based on macroscopic and dissecting microscopic evaluations, and histopathology is rarely performed other than to confirm macroscopic findings. Fetal lens examination is therefore generally limited to the presence, size, shape, and color of any abnormality. In a Sprague-Dawley rat EFD study with the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor JNJ-42165279, an unusually high incidence of macroscopic granular foci was noted within the lens of gestation day 21 fetuses across all groups including controls, with higher incidence in the high-dose group. On histological evaluation of the lenses from fetuses with/without gross findings, primary lens fiber hypertrophy (swelling) and degeneration were observed across vehicle- and JNJ-42165279-exposed fetuses. In a follow-up study to investigate the progression or resolution of the fetal lens changes, animals exposed to suprapharmacological doses of JNJ-42165279 in utero had higher incidence of nuclear cataracts as detected via slit-lamp ophthalmic examinations on postnatal days 18 to 21 and 35 to 41. No histologic correlates for these cataracts were identified. We conclude that fetal primary lens fiber hypertrophy and nuclear cataracts at ophthalmology, are common background changes in this rat strain that are exacerbated by in utero exposure to the FAAH inhibitor JNJ-42165279.

S203. Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Polymorphism C385A Associated With Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Levels: A PET Study With [11C]-(+)-PHNO

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. S376
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Mansouri ◽  
Rachel F. Tyndale ◽  
Christian S. Hendershot ◽  
Laura M. Best ◽  
Patricia Di Ciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Dopamine D2 ◽  
Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Deficiency Enhances Intraplaque Neutrophil Recruitment in Atherosclerotic Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Lenglet ◽  
Aurélien Thomas ◽  
Oliver Soehnlein ◽  
Fabrizio Montecucco ◽  
Fabienne Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Neutrophil Recruitment ◽  
Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide
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