scholarly journals Application of a Diagnostic Methodology of Cardiac Systems Based on the Proportions of Entropy in Normal Patients and with Different Pathologies

Pulse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Javier Rodríguez ◽  
Signed Prieto ◽  
Elveny Laguado ◽  
Frank Pernett ◽  
Magda Villamizar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Diagnostic Agreement ◽  
Maximal Level ◽  
Adult Heart ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Ordered Pairs

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Dynamical systems theory, probability, and entropy were the substrate for the development of the diagnostic and predictive methodology of adult heart dynamics. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To apply a previously developed methodology from dynamical systems, probability, and entropy in both normal and pathological subjects. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Electrocardiographic records were selected from 30 healthy subjects and 200 with different pathologies, with a length of least 18 h. Numerical attractors from dynamical attractors and the probability of occurrence of ordered pairs of consecutive heart rates were built. A calculation of entropy and its proportions was performed and statistical analysis was conducted. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The normal patients’ heart dynamics were evaluated according to the methodology of entropy proportions, highlighting that there are differences in normal patients with different pathologies. There was maximal level of sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic agreement. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Proportional entropy constitutes a diagnostic and predictive method of heart systems, and may be useful as a tool to objectively diagnose and perform the follow-up of normal and pathological cases.

Restaging of patients with lymphoma

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Pfluger ◽  
V. Schneider ◽  
M. Hacker ◽  
N. Bröckel ◽  
D. Morhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

SummaryAim: Assessment of the clinical benefit of i.v. contrast enhanced diagnostic CT (CE-CT) compared to low dose CT with 20 mAs (LD-CT) without contrast medium in combined [18F]-FDG PET/CT examinations in restaging of patients with lymphoma. Patients, methods: 45 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 35) and Hodgkin's disease (n = 10) were included into this study. PET, LD-CT and CECT were analyzed separately as well as side-by-side. Lymphoma involvement was evaluated separately for seven regions. Indeterminate diagnoses were accepted whenever there was a discrepancy between PET and CT findings. Results for combined reading were calculated by rating indeterminate diagnoses according the suggestions of either CT or PET. Each patient had a clinical follow-up evaluation for >6 months. Results: Region-based evaluation suggested a sensitivity/specificity of 66/93% for LD-CT, 87%/91% for CE-CT, 95%/96% for PET, 94%/99% for PET/LD-CT and 96%/99% for PET/CE-CT. The data for PET/CT were obtained by rating indeterminate results according to the suggestions of PET, which turned out to be superior to CT. Lymphoma staging was changed in two patients using PET/ CE-CT as compared to PET/LD-CT. Conclusion: Overall, there was no significant difference between PET/LD-CT and PET/CE-CT. However, PET/CE-CT yielded a more precise lesion delineation than PET/LD-CT. This was due to the improved image quality of CE-CT and might lead to a more accurate investigation of lymphoma.

scholarly journals Variability of Prognostic Results Based on Biological Parameters in Sickle Cell Disease Cohort Studies in Children: What Should Clinicians Know?

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Julie Sommet ◽  
Enora Le Roux ◽  
Bérengère Koehl ◽  
Zinedine Haouari ◽  
Damir Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Statistical Analysis Method

Background: Many pediatric studies describe the association between biological parameters (BP) and severity of sickle cell disease (SCD) using different methods to collect or to analyze BP. This article assesses the methods used for collection and subsequent statistical analysis of BP, and how these impact prognostic results in SCD children cohort studies. Methods: Firstly, we identified the collection and statistical methods used in published SCD cohort studies. Secondly, these methods were applied to our cohort of 375 SCD children, to evaluate the association of BP with cerebral vasculopathy (CV). Results: In 16 cohort studies, BP were collected either once or several times during follow-up. The identified methods in the statistical analysis were: (1) one baseline value per patient (2) last known value; (3) mean of all values; (4) modelling of all values in a two-stage approach. Applying these four different statistical methods to our cohort, the results and interpretation of the association between BP and CV were different depending on the method used. Conclusion: The BP prognostic value depends on the chosen statistical analysis method. Appropriate statistical analyses of prognostic factors in cohort studies should be considered and should enable valuable and reproducible conclusions.

scholarly journals Some elements for a history of the dynamical systems theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 053110
Author(s):  
Christophe Letellier ◽  
Ralph Abraham ◽  
Dima L. Shepelyansky ◽  
Otto E. Rössler ◽  
Philip Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Dynamical Systems Theory ◽  
History Of

Comparative Analysis of Patients with Robotic Hiatal Hernia Repairs with and without Collis Gastroplasty

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482198905
Author(s):  
John A. Perrone ◽  
Stephanie Yee ◽  
Manrique Guerrero ◽  
Antai Wang ◽  
Brian Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Hiatal Hernia ◽  
Collis Gastroplasty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Quality

Introduction After extensive mediastinal dissection fails to achieve adequate intra-abdominal esophageal length, a Collis gastroplasty(CG) is recommended to decrease axial tension and reduce hiatal hernia recurrence. However, concerns exist about staple line leak, and long-term symptoms of heartburn and dysphagia due to the acid-producing neoesophagus which lacks peristaltic activity. This study aimed to assess long-term satisfaction and GERD-related quality of life after robotic fundoplication with CG (wedge fundectomy technique) and to compare outcomes to patients who underwent fundoplication without CG. Outcomes studied included patient satisfaction, resumption of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), length of surgery (LOS), hospital stay, and reintervention. Methods This was a single-center retrospective analysis of patients from January 2017 through December 2018 undergoing elective robotic hiatal hernia repair and fundoplication. 61 patients were contacted for follow-up, of which 20 responded. Of those 20 patients, 7 had a CG performed during surgery while 13 did not. There was no significant difference in size and type of hiatal hernias in the 2 groups. These patients agreed to give their feedback via a GERD health-related quality of life (GERD HRQL) questionnaire. Their medical records were reviewed for LOS, length of hospital stay (LOH), and reintervention needed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v 25. Satisfaction and need for PPIs were compared between the treatment and control groups using the chi-square test of independence. Results Statistical analysis showed that satisfaction with outcome and PPI resumption was not significantly different between both groups ( P > .05). There was a significant difference in the average ranks between the 2 groups for the question on postoperative dysphagia on the follow-up GERD HRQL questionnaire, with the group with CG reporting no dysphagia. There were no significant differences in the average ranks between the 2 groups for the remaining 15 questions ( P > .05). The median LOS was longer in patients who had a CG compared to patients who did not (250 vs. 148 min) ( P = .01). The LOH stay was not significantly different ( P > .05) with a median length of stay of 2 days observed in both groups. There were no leaks in the Collis group and no reoperations, conversions, or blood transfusions needed in either group. Conclusion Collis gastroplasty is a safe option to utilize for short esophagus noted despite extensive mediastinal mobilization and does not adversely affect the LOH stay, need for reoperation, or patient long-term satisfaction.

Classification of Male Breast Lesions According to the IAC Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Cytopathology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Melissa Oosthuizen ◽  
Rubina Razack ◽  
Jenny Edge ◽  
Pawel Tomasz Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Male Breast ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study aims to determine the diagnostic utility of the International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System for reporting breast cytopathology in lesions of the male breast. <b><i>Study Design:</i></b> Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) reports between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively recategorized according to the 5-tiered IAC Yokohama Reporting System. Our database yielded a total of 1,532 FNAB reports from breast lesions, obtained from 1,350 male patients. The risk of malignancy (ROM) and diagnostic performance of FNAB were determined using follow-up histopathological diagnosis and/or clinical follow-up, where available, for each category. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The category distribution were as follows: inadequate, 40%; benign, 57%; atypical, 0.6%; suspicious for malignancy, 0.7%; and malignant, 1.6%. The ROM in each category was nondiagnostic, 11%; benign, 3%; atypical, 28%; suspicious for malignancy, 56%; and malignant, 100%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were recorded as 63, 100, 100, and 84.6% respectively, when only malignant cases were considered as positive tests. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study validates the IAC Yokohama System for reporting male breast cytopathology. In accordance with the aim of the Yokohama System to establish best practice guidelines for reporting breast cytopathology, this comprehensive scheme facilitates comparisons between local and international institutions. The ROM acts as an internal audit for quality assurance within one’s own laboratory and provides guidance for clinical management. It highlights inefficiencies such as high inadequacy rates for category 1 and also features strengths with impressive specificity for categories 4 and 5.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Musical Participation

2021 ◽  
pp. 102986492098831
Author(s):  
Andrea Schiavio ◽  
Pieter-Jan Maes ◽  
Dylan van der Schyff
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Dynamical Systems Theory ◽  
Coordination Dynamics ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
The Core ◽  
Interactive Dynamics ◽  
Interdisciplinary Scholarship ◽  
Core Features

In this paper we argue that our comprehension of musical participation—the complex network of interactive dynamics involved in collaborative musical experience—can benefit from an analysis inspired by the existing frameworks of dynamical systems theory and coordination dynamics. These approaches can offer novel theoretical tools to help music researchers describe a number of central aspects of joint musical experience in greater detail, such as prediction, adaptivity, social cohesion, reciprocity, and reward. While most musicians involved in collective forms of musicking already have some familiarity with these terms and their associated experiences, we currently lack an analytical vocabulary to approach them in a more targeted way. To fill this gap, we adopt insights from these frameworks to suggest that musical participation may be advantageously characterized as an open, non-equilibrium, dynamical system. In particular, we suggest that research informed by dynamical systems theory might stimulate new interdisciplinary scholarship at the crossroads of musicology, psychology, philosophy, and cognitive (neuro)science, pointing toward new understandings of the core features of musical participation.

scholarly journals Coevolving institutions and the paradox of informal constraints

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Daniel Seligson ◽  
Anne E. C. McCants
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Game Theory ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Dynamical Systems Theory ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Long Run

Abstract We can all agree that institutions matter, though as to which institutions matter most, and how much any of them matter, the matter is, paraphrasing Douglass North's words at the Nobel podium, unresolved after seven decades of immense effort. We suggest that the obstacle to progress is the paradigm of the New Institutional Economics itself. In this paper, we propose a new theory that is: grounded in institutions as coevolving sources of economic growth rather than as rules constraining growth; and deployed in dynamical systems theory rather than game theory. We show that with our approach some long-standing problems are resolved, in particular, the paradoxical and perplexingly pervasive influence of informal constraints on the long-run character of economies.

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