Methodological Perspectives on the Study of the Health Effects of Unemployment – Reviewing the Mode of Unemployment, the Statistical Analysis Method and the Role of Confounding Factors

Introduction: Studying the relationship between unemployment and health raises many methodological challenges. In the current study, the aim was to evaluate how different ways of measuring unemployment and the choice of statistical model affects the effect estimate. Methods: The Northern Swedish cohort was used, and two follow-up surveys thereof from 1995 and 2007, as well as register data about unemployment. Self-reported current unemployment, self-reported accumulated unemployment and register-based accumulated unemployment were used to measure unemployment and its effect on self-reported health was evaluated. Analyses were conducted with G-computation, logistic regression and three estimators for the inverse probability weighting propensity scores, and 11 potentially confounding variables were part of the analyses. Results were presented with absolute differences in the proportion with poor self-reported health between unemployed and employed individuals for all estimators but logistic regression. Results: Of the initial 1083 pupils in the cohort, 488–693 individuals were defined as employed and 61–214 individuals were defined as unemployed in our different analyses. In the analyses, the deviation was large between the unemployment measures, with a difference of at least 2.5% in effect size when unemployed was compared with employed for the self-reported and register-based unemployment modes. The choice of statistical method only had a small influence on effect estimates and the deviation was in most cases lower than 1%. When models were compared based on the choice of potential confounders in the analytical model, the deviations were rarely above 0.6% when comparing models with 4 and 11 potential confounders. Our variable for health selection was the only one that strongly affected estimates when it was not part of the statistical model. Conclusions: Misspecifications of the statistical model or choice of analytical method might not matter much for effect estimates of the relationship between unemployment and health except for the inclusion of a variable measuring earlier health status before becoming unemployed. On the other hand, how unemployment is measured is highly important.

Acceleration Anomaly Detection Method for Sensor Axle Box of Unmanned Vehicle

Detecting the anomaly acceleration of the sensor’s axle box of unmanned vehicles is very important for judging the wear condition of vehicle track and evaluating the state of the track. A capacitive accelerometer is connected with acquisition equipment to collect the information of train axle box’s acceleration change when the vehicle is running; instrument amplifier AD8250 with a digitally programmable gain is selected as system signal conversion chip to realize acceleration signal conversion; sliding variance of axle box’s acceleration of the unmanned vehicle is calculated based on sliding variance statistical analysis method, which is confirmed by time window and distance window. Fixing the width of a sliding window according to the response statistics caused by the line excitation link, the acceleration sliding variance is compared with the standard one to determine whether the acceleration is in an anomaly state. The test results show that the anomaly acceleration of the sensor axle box of the unmanned vehicle detected by the proposed method is consistent with the actual results, which provides a reliable basis for vehicle track condition assessment.

Private Green Open Space Arrangement through Indonesian Building Permits

Private Green Open Space (GOS) is a part of the proportion of Urban GOS of 10%, complemented by 20% of public GOS. In 2019, DKI Jakarta Province had an urban GOS area proportion of 9.8%. The arrangement of private GOS is inseparable from limitations based on the provisions of space intensity, space requirements, and availability of land ownership. This study discusses the arrangement of private GOS through building permits that can increase the proportion of urban GOS. This research was conducted in Jatinegara District, East Jakarta City. The research method that will be used is quantitative. The descriptive statistical analysis method was used to process secondary data in Public GOS data shows the proportion is currently still far from 30% and building permit data for the 2019-2020 period in Jatinegara District shows the proportion of private GOS at 33.46%. For housing with limited land, alternatives are needed to provide private GOS such as green roofs or vertical gardens.

Mathematical analysis of China's birth rate and research on the urgency of deepening the reform of art education

Aims To understand the reasons for the decline in the birth rate of our country, the effects of the decline in the birth rate and the countermeasures needed to reduce the birth rate, as well as the urgency of the reform of education, especially art education. Methods Using a mathematical statistical analysis method, the decline of the birth rate in our country was statistically analysed, and the influence of education, especially art education, was discussed. Results The results show that the birth rate of China's population decreased significantly, that is, from 36% in 1949 to 23.3% in 1987 and from 12.95% in 2016 to 10.8% at present. This has a significant impact on the manpower of all walks of life. Students at all levels and all kinds of schools have brought about a greater impact. Higher education, especially art education, has a greater impact. Conclusions In the face of the decline in the birth rate, corresponding countermeasures must be taken to strengthen the development of maternal and child health care and medical resources. In-depth reform or correction of the current compulsory education must be assessed in order to relieve the worries of women who have given birth so that the birth rate increases within the framework of a reasonable, normal span of time and demonstrates smooth development. In order to ensure that China has sufficient human resources and enough students at all levels and all kinds of schools, the reform of art education is deepened, thus facilitating training of the talents of world-class masters.

A Novel K-Means Clustering Algorithm with a Noise Algorithm for Capturing Urban Hotspots

With the development of cities, urban congestion is nearly an unavoidable problem for almost every large-scale city. Road planning is an effective means to alleviate urban congestion, which is a classical non-deterministic polynomial time (NP) hard problem, and has become an important research hotspot in recent years. A K-means clustering algorithm is an iterative clustering analysis algorithm that has been regarded as an effective means to solve urban road planning problems by scholars for the past several decades; however, it is very difficult to determine the number of clusters and sensitively initialize the center cluster. In order to solve these problems, a novel K-means clustering algorithm based on a noise algorithm is developed to capture urban hotspots in this paper. The noise algorithm is employed to randomly enhance the attribution of data points and output results of clustering by adding noise judgment in order to automatically obtain the number of clusters for the given data and initialize the center cluster. Four unsupervised evaluation indexes, namely, DB, PBM, SC, and SSE, are directly used to evaluate and analyze the clustering results, and a nonparametric Wilcoxon statistical analysis method is employed to verify the distribution states and differences between clustering results. Finally, five taxi GPS datasets from Aracaju (Brazil), San Francisco (USA), Rome (Italy), Chongqing (China), and Beijing (China) are selected to test and verify the effectiveness of the proposed noise K-means clustering algorithm by comparing the algorithm with fuzzy C-means, K-means, and K-means plus approaches. The compared experiment results show that the noise algorithm can reasonably obtain the number of clusters and initialize the center cluster, and the proposed noise K-means clustering algorithm demonstrates better clustering performance and accurately obtains clustering results, as well as effectively capturing urban hotspots.

Jenis dan Teknik Pengemasan Terhadap Kualitas Bakso Aci dengan Penyimpanan Suhu Dingin

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh jenis material kemasan vakum dan non-vakum terhadap kualitas kadar air, dan organoleptik bakso aci pada penyimpanan suhu dingin. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemasan bakso aci dengan penggunaan plastik Polietilen (PE) dan plastik nilon yang dikemas melalui teknik pengemasan vakum dan non-vakum pada penyimpanan suhu dingin. Serta untuk mendapatkan jenis kemasan yang tepat dalam penggunaannya terhadap kualitas bakso aci. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji kadar air dan uji organoleptik. Metode analisa statistik yang digunakan berupa Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) untuk mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik dan tidak terjadi kesalahan yang signifikan. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan RAL dengan 4 perlakuan dan 2 kali pengulangan. Pengolahan data yang dilakukan dengan software SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) menggunakan metode ANOVA ( Analysis of Variance) dan uji lanjut Duncan untuk Uji kadar air dan menggunakan Kruskall Walls dan uji lanjut dengan Mann- Whitney untuk uji organoleptik terhadap kenampakan, aroma dan tekstur. Pengujian organoleptik mengikuti standar SNI untuk Bakso dengan 10 orang panelis tak terlatih. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan didapatkan hasil bahwa kadar air terendah yaitu dengan penggunaan kemasan polietilen (PE) teknik pengemasan Vakum dengan nilai 2,35. Hasil untuk pengujian Organoleptik, yang dapat disimpulkan dari segi kenampakan, aroma dan tekstur perlakuan yang terbaik adalah dengan penggunaan jenis kemasan polietilen, dengan teknik pengemasan vakum dan jenis kemasan nilon dengan teknik pengemasan vakum yang mampu meyimpan dengan baik hingga hari ke-8. Research has been carried out on the effect of vacuum and non-vacuum packaging materials on the quality of water content and organoleptic properties of tapioca meatballs in cold storage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of meatball tapioca packaging with the use of polyethylene (PE) plastic and Nilon plastic packaged through vacuum and non-vacuum packaging in cold storage. As well as to get the right type of packaging in its use on the quality of tapioca meatballs. The tests carried out included water content tests and organoleptic tests. The statistical analysis method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) to get better results and there were no significant errors. The study was conducted using RAL with 4 treatments and 2 treatments. Data processing was carried out using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) software using the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) method and Duncan's further test for moisture content testing and using Kruskall Walls and further testing with Mann-Whitney for organoleptic tests on appearance, aroma and texture. The organoleptic followed the SNI standard for Meatballs with 10 panelists not being tested. Based on the research conducted, it was found that the lowest water content was the use of polyethylene (PE) packaging with a vacuum packaging technique with a value of 2.35. The results for organoleptic testing, which can be guaranteed in terms of appearance, smell and treatment are the best by using polyethylene packaging, with packaging techniques and Nilon packaging types with vacuum packaging techniques which are able to store well until the 8th day.

Quantitative Examination of Five Stochastic Cell-Cycle and Cell-Size Control Models for Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis

We examine five quantitative models of the cell-cycle and cell-size control in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis that have been proposed over the last decade to explain single-cell experimental data generated with high-throughput methods. After presenting the statistical properties of these models, we test their predictions against experimental data. Based on simple calculations of the defining correlations in each model, we first dismiss the stochastic Helmstetter-Cooper model and the Initiation Adder model, and show that both the Replication Double Adder (RDA) and the Independent Double Adder (IDA) model are more consistent with the data than the other models. We then apply a recently proposed statistical analysis method and obtain that the IDA model is the most likely model of the cell cycle. By showing that the RDA model is fundamentally inconsistent with size convergence by the adder principle, we conclude that the IDA model is most consistent with the data and the biology of bacterial cell-cycle and cell-size control. Mechanistically, the Independent Adder Model is equivalent to two biological principles: (i) balanced biosynthesis of the cell-cycle proteins, and (ii) their accumulation to a respective threshold number to trigger initiation and division.

PERSONNEL MOTIVATION AS AN IMPORTANT TOOL FOR EFFICIENT ENTERPRISES

The article examines the issues of increasing the efficiency of motivation of enterprise personnel. The definition of the essence of the concept of “motivational mechanism in personnel management of the enterprise” is specified, the categories of material and intangible incentives are considered.The thesis is substantiated that the complex application by employers of methods of direct and indirect motivation allows to keep the staff and increase the efficiency of labor activity, helps to increase the inclusion of employees in the labor process. The priority types of material and intangible incentives for employees are summarized. Priority directions of the motivational mechanism which will allow to increase efficiency of system of management of the personnel of the enterprise and to improve the organization of social and labor relations between workers and employers are developed. In modern conditions, human resources are one of the most important elements in the enterprise. For the successful operation of any production and any company, regardless of the services it provides and the goods it produces, you need an efficient work team. The purpose of the article is to determine the directions of the system of motivation of personnel of domestic enterprises. The following general and special methods were used in the research process: abstract-logical and structural-logical analysis – for theoretical generalizations and clarification of the concepts of “personnel management”, “personnel evaluation”, statistical analysis method for analysis and iden-tification of main trends and management system staff; graphical method – to illustrate the results of the study. The article considers the theoretical foundations of staff motivation, summarizes the existing types and methods of motivation. Motivation is one of the most important elements of the personnel management system, because it is through motivation that the company’s management manages to influence employees.

THE ANALYSIS OF ABNORMAL RETURNS AND TRADING VOLUME ACTIVITY BEFORE AND AFTER SIMULTANEOUS GENERAL ELECTION IN THE YEAR 2019 (STUDY OF STOCKS THAT ARE INCLUDED IN THE JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX)

Political events are one of the factors that influence a country’s economic conditions. The capital market as an economic instrument cannot be separated from various environmental influences, both economic and non economic environment. The aim of the research is to find out the difference of abnormal return and trading volume activity between 10 days before and 10 days after Simultaneous General Election 2019 on the stocks included in the Jakarta Islamic Index. The sampling method in this study was conducted using saturated samples of 30 companies. Statistical analysis method used is Paired Sample T-Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The result of statistical test shows that variabel abnormal return and trading volume activity produce the conclution that there is no difference in abnormal return and trading volume activity between 10 days before and 10 days after Simultaneous General Election 2019 on the stocks included in the Jakarta Islamic Index. The implications of this study for issuers do not need to worry about Simultaneous General Election information because the event does not significantly influence on abnormal return and trading volume activity.