scholarly journals Parkinson’s Disease and Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Masaaki Hirayama ◽  
Kinji Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Locus Ceruleus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein fibrils, called the Lewy bodies, in the central nervous system. Accumulating knowledge points to the notion that α-synuclein fibrils start from the dorsal vagal nucleus and ascend to the locus ceruleus and the substantia nigra (SN). Even in healthy elderly subjects without motor or cognitive impairment, α-synuclein fibrils are frequently observed in the brain and sometimes in the intestinal neural plexus. Enteroendocrine cells have a direct synapse to the vagal afferents, and the vagal nucleus has synaptic pathways to the SN and the striatum. Intestinal bacteria are likely to be involved in the formation of intestinal α-synuclein fibrils. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> A nonparametric meta-analysis of intestinal microbiota in PD in 5 countries, as well as scrutinization of the other reports from the other countries, indicates that mucin-degrading <i>Akkermansia</i> is increased in PD and that short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria are decreased in PD. Both dysbiosis should increase the intestinal permeability, which subsequently facilitates exposure of the intestinal neural plexus to toxins like lipopolysaccharide and pesticide, which should lead to abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein fibrils. Decreased SCFA also downregulates regulatory T cells and fails to suppress neuronal inflammation. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Therapeutic intervention may be able to be established against these mechanisms. Additional biochemical, cellular, and animal studies are required to further dissect the direct association between intestinal microbiota and PD.

scholarly journals Fibroblast Growth Factor 20 Gene Polymorphism in Parkinson’s Disease in Asian Population: A Meta-Analysis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Han-Lin Chiang ◽  
Yih-Ru Wu ◽  
Yi-Chun Chen ◽  
Hon-Chung Fung ◽  
Chiung-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Lewy Neurites ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Study Results

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with the pathological hallmark of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites composed of α-synuclein. The SNP rs591323 is one of the risk loci located near the FGF20 gene that has been implicated in PD. The variation of FGF20 in the 3′ untranslated region was shown to increase α-synuclein expression. We examined the association of rs591323 with the risk of PD in a Taiwanese population and conducted a meta-analysis, including our study and two other studies from China, to further confirm the role of this SNP in Taiwanese/Chinese populations. A total of 586 patients with PD and 586 health controls (HCs) were included in our study. We found that the minor allele (A) and the AA + GA genotype under the dominant model are significantly less frequent in PD than in controls. The meta-analysis consisted of 1950 patients with PD and 2073 healthy controls from three studies. There was significant association between rs591323 and the risk of PD in the additive (Z = −3.96; p < 0.0001) and the dominant models (Z = −4.01; p < 0.0001). Our study results and the meta-analysis support the possible protective role of the rs591323 A allele in PD in Taiwanese/Chinese populations.

Age-Related Accelerated Tapping Response in Healthy Population

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anat Scheiman Elazary ◽  
Hagai Bergman ◽  
Revital Attia ◽  
Hilla Ben-Pazi
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Finger Tapping Test ◽  
Healthy Elderly People ◽  
Abnormal Motor

Different types of rapid tapping responses were described in the finger-tapping test. The “Hastening phenomenon” was described as an abnormal motor response in patients with Parkinson's disease. Accelerated tapping has been shown in a healthy elderly sample. It is not clear whether accelerated tapping relates to the hastening phenomenon or characterizes normal aging. We hypothesized that this sample of 21 healthy elderly people showed increased accelerated tapping but not hastening phenomenon. To assess this hypothesis, 20 healthy young and 21 elderly subjects performed a tapping test, requiring responses from 1 to 6 Hz. The healthy elderly sample showed increased accelerated tapping but not increased “hastening phenomenon.” We conclude that Accelerated tapping may represent age-related motor processes unlike the hastening phenomenon characterizing Parkinson's disease.

scholarly journals Gait analysis comparing Parkinson's disease with healthy elderly subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta de Melo Roiz ◽  
Enio Walker Azevedo Cacho ◽  
Manoela Macedo Pazinatto ◽  
Julia Guimarães Reis ◽  
Alberto Cliquet Jr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Kinematic Data ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

There is a lack of studies comparing the kinematics data of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) patients with healthy elder (HE) subjects, and when there is such research, it is not correlated to clinical measures. OBJECTIVE: To compare the spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters of Parkinsonian gait with the HE subjects group and measure the relation between these parameters and clinical instruments. METHOD: Twelve patients with IPD and fifteen HE subjects were recruited and evaluated for clinical instruments and gait analysis. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between HE group and the IPD group, in stride velocity, in stride length (SL), and in the hip joint kinematic data: on initial contact, on maximum extension during terminal contact and on maximum flexion during mid-swing. Regarding the clinical instruments there were significant correlated with in stride velocity and SL. CONCLUSION: Clinical instruments used did not present proper psychometric parameters to measure the IPD patient's gait, while the 3D system characterized it better.

scholarly journals Auditory and visual hallucination prevalence in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 2342-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Louise Eversfield ◽  
Llwyd David Orton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractBackgroundNon-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), such as auditory hallucinations (AH), contribute to disease burden but are not well understood.MethodsSystematic review and random-effects meta-analyses of studies reporting AH associated with PD or DLB. Prevalence of visual hallucinations (VH) in identified studies meeting eligibility criteria were included in meta-analyses, facilitating comparison with AH. Synthesis of qualitative descriptions of AH was performed. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for primary journal articles, written in English, published from 1970 to 2017. Studies reporting AH prevalence in PD or DLB were screened using PRISMA methods.ResultsSearches identified 4542 unique studies for consideration, of which, 26 met inclusion criteria. AH pooled prevalence in PD was estimated to be 8.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3–14.5], while in DLB was estimated to be 30.8% (±23.4 to 39.3). Verbal hallucinations, perceived as originating outside the head, were the most common form of AH. Non-verbal AH were also common while musical AH were rare. VH were more prevalent, with an estimated pooled prevalence in PD of 28.2% (±19.1 to 39.5), while in DLB they were estimated to be 61.8% (±49.1 to 73.0). Meta-regression determined that the use of validated methodologies to identify hallucinations produced higher prevalence estimates.ConclusionsAH and VH present in a substantial proportion of PD and DLB cases, with VH reported more frequently in both conditions. Both AH and VH are more prevalent in DLB than PD. There is a need for standardised use of validated methods to detect and monitor hallucinations.

scholarly journals Effects of Gait Inducing Assist for Patients with Parkinson’s Disease on Double Support Phase During Gait

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-811
Author(s):  
Ai Higuchi ◽  
Junichiro Shiraishi ◽  
Yuichi Kurita ◽  
Tomohiro Shibata ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Freezing Of Gait ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Motor Symptom ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects ◽  
Support Phase

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects a wide range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Freezing of gait (FOG) is such a motor symptom of PD that frequently results in falling, and almost half of PD patients suffer from FOG. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a robotic assistance system called UPS-PD, which was developed to suppress FOG. The double limb support phase (DLS) in a 10-m straight-line walking task, the gait time and step counts were measured in five PD subjects. In addition, the safety of the UPS-PD in a healthy person was investigated using OpenSim, and the DLS parameters in four healthy elderly subjects were evaluated. In the experiment with the PD patients, the DLS parameters of two subjects showed an improvement. Furthermore, the step length of one subject and the step length and walking speed of the other subject were improved. Moreover, there were no problems in terms of instability of gait in both the PD patients. The UPS-PD did not adversely affect the gait of healthy elderly subjects and the walking of a healthy subject model in the simulation. Therefore, the UPS-PD is considered to be a useful device for improving walking in PD patients.

scholarly journals Mini Review: Correlations of Cognitive Domains With Cerebrospinal Fluid α-Synuclein Levels in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidetomo Murakami ◽  
Kenjiro Ono ◽  
Tomotaka Shiraishi ◽  
Tadashi Umehara ◽  
Shusaku Omoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Csf Levels

The level of α-synuclein, a component of Lewy bodies, in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has attracted recent attention. Most meta-analyses conclude that CSF levels of α-synuclein are decreased in PD. Patients with PD present with cognitive impairment, including frontal/executive dysfunction in the early phase and later emergence of visuospatial and mnemonic deficits. To examine whether CSF α-synuclein levels reflect the activities of various cognitive domains, we reviewed reports examining the association of these levels with cognitive performance in each domain in PD. Among 13 cross-sectional studies, five showed that a lower CSF α-synuclein level was associated with worse cognitive function. In four of these five reports, frontal/executive function showed this association, suggesting a link of the pathophysiology with Lewy bodies. In three other reports, a higher CSF α-synuclein level was associated with temporal-parieto-occipital cognitive deterioration such as memory. In the other five reports, the CSF α-synuclein level did not correlate with cognitive performance for any domain. In four longitudinal studies, a higher baseline CSF α-synuclein level was associated with a worse cognitive outcome, including cognitive processing speed, visuospatial function and memory in two, but not with any cognitive outcome in the other two. The different associations may reflect the heterogeneous pathophysiology in PD, including different pathogenic proteins, neurotransmitters. Thus, more studies of the association between cognitive domains and CSF levels of pathogenic proteins are warranted.

scholarly journals Analysis of functional profile and mobility in Parkinson’s disease: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wildja de Lima Gomes ◽  
Larissa Melo de Souza Miranda ◽  
Neildja Maria da Silva ◽  
Gisele Kariny Souza Davi ◽  
Robison Carlos Silva Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Healthy Elderly Subjects

Background: Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that has a prevalence of 18–328 per 100,000 in habitants in developing countries, with an estimated 3.3% of the Brazilian elderly population affected by PD throughout life. The classic symptoms include a resting tremor, muscular rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability, which are all motor symptoms. The mobility of the subjects is compromised early, thus impairing their balance and limiting their ability to perform simple tasks. The restricted movement prevents dissociation between the head and trunk during walking, and freezing occurs as advanced disease reduces the progression of movements during walking. Objective: To analyze mobility and functionality profiles in subjects with Parkinson’s disease and compare them with healthy subjects. Method: A sample was consisted of 10 subjects with PD and 10 healthy elderly subjects. Assessment tools were used to quantify the severity of PD the scale Hoehn and Yah (HY), for mobility were used the Dynamic Parkinson’s Gait Scale (DYPAGS) and Modified Parkinson Activity Scale (PAS modified), for functionality were used the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and dual task (DT) performance. Results: The subjects with PD showed worse performance in mobility and DT as determined by the modified PAS (p=0.0001) and DYPAGS (p=0.0001). Correlations were found between the UPDRS, the Gait Freezing Questionnaire (FOG), the PAS modified score, left-hand grip strength and the HY values (p<0.05). There were no differences in prehensile muscle strength between PD and healthy subjects. Conclusions: Subjects with PD showed decreased mobility and functionality for activities related to ADLs, gait and DT compared to healthy elderly subjects. Disease severity, muscle strength and freezing were correlated with the mobility and DT performance in subjects with PD.

scholarly journals Auditory and visual hallucination prevalence in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Louise Eversfield ◽  
Llwyd David Orton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) contribute significantly to disease burden yet are less well understood than motor features. Auditory hallucinations (AH) are commonly associated with psychotic disorders, yet their contribution to PD and DLB is not well understood.Methods: We conducted a systematic review and random-effects model meta-analyses of studies reporting AH associated with PD or DLB. Prevalence of visual hallucinations (VH) in identified studies meeting eligibility criteria were included in meta-analyses, facilitating comparison with AH. Synthesis of qualitative descriptions of AH was performed. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for primary journal articles, written in English, published from 1970 to 2017. Studies reporting AH prevalence in PD or DLB were screened using PRISMA methods. Results: Searches identified 4,542 unique studies for consideration, of which, 26 met inclusion criteria. AH pooled prevalence in PD was estimated to be 8.9% (95% CI=5.3-14.5), while in DLB was estimated to be 30.8% (±23.4-39.3). VH were more common, with an estimated pooled prevalence in PD of 28.2% (±19.1-39.5), while in DLB they were estimated to be 61.8% (±49.1-73.0). Meta-regression determined that the use of validated methodologies to identify hallucinations produced higher prevalence estimates.Conclusions: AH and VH present in a substantial proportion of PD and DLB cases, with VH reported more frequently in both conditions. Both AH and VH are more prevalent in DLB than PD. There is a need for standardised use of validated methods to detect and monitor hallucinations.

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