Assessment of the Size and Shape of the 4-Chamber View and the Right and Left Ventricles using Fetal Speckle Tracking in Normal Fetuses at 17-24 Gestational Weeks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanitra Anuwutnavin ◽  
Kusol Russameecharoen ◽  
Pornpimol Ruangvutilert ◽  
Sommai Viboonchard ◽  
Mark Sklansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Chamber View ◽  
Normal Reference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Right

Introduction: The aim of the study was to establish normal reference values obtained by fetal speckle tracking analysis of the fetal heart between 17-24 weeks of gestation among Thai fetuses and compare the nomograms with previous studies. Methods: The 4-chamber view of the fetal heart in 79 normal fetuses was analyzed by speckle tracking analysis to determine the best-fit regression model. The 95% reference intervals and Z-score equations of fetal cardiac parameters were computed. Results: The end-diastolic length, width, area, and circumference of the 4-chamber view (4CV) as well as the ventricular end-diastolic length, 24-segment widths, and area were all increased as a function of gestational age (GA) and 5 fetal biometric parameters. In contrast, the global sphericity index (SI), 24-segment SI, and right ventricle/left ventricle width and area ratios did not change with GA or fetal biometric measurements. There were few differences in Z-score reference ranges of fetal cardiac measurements between the current study and previous studies conducted in different patient populations. Conclusion: Our study provided z-score and corresponding centile calculators, 5th and 95th centile reference tables, and corresponding graphs for evaluating the size and shape of the 4CV and the right and left ventricles using 6 independent variables between 17 and 24 weeks of gestation. These results provide normal reference ranges for future studies of fetuses with pathologies that may alter the size and shape of the 4-chamber view and ventricles.

OP18.12: Assessment of myocardial 2D strain in the right ventricle (RV) of the fetal heart by speckle tracking imaging (STI)

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-519
Author(s):  
J. Steinhard ◽  
J. Heinig ◽  
R. Schmitz ◽  
W. Klockenbusch ◽  
L. Kiesel
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Speckle Tracking Imaging ◽  
2D Strain ◽  
The Right

Speckle Tracking of the Basal Lateral and Septal Wall Annular Plane Systolic Excursion of the Right and Left Ventricles of the Fetal Heart

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1309-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greggory R. DeVore ◽  
Berthold Klas ◽  
Gary Satou ◽  
Mark Sklansky
Keyword(s):  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Septal Wall ◽  
The Right

Z-Score Reference Ranges for Fetal Heart Functional Measurements in a Large Brazilian Pregnant Women Sample

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Alves Rocha ◽  
Liliam Cristine Rolo ◽  
Luciano Marcondes Machado Nardozza ◽  
Gabriele Tonni ◽  
Edward Araujo Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Z Score

Continuous, complete and comparable NT-proBNP reference ranges in healthy children

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1509-1516
Author(s):  
Jonas Palm ◽  
Georg Hoffmann ◽  
Frank Klawonn ◽  
Oktay Tutarel ◽  
Herbert Palm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Interpretive Method ◽  
And Gender

AbstractBackgroundNT-proBNP is one of the most important biomarkers for the diagnosis and risk assessment of heart failure in adults. Age- and gender-independent reference intervals (RIs) have been reported. In contrast, RIs in children are strongly age-dependent, do not exist for all ages and reveal a right-skewed distribution. Accordingly, no common Z-score can be formed and a cross-age interpretive method, so far, is missing.MethodsWithin the paper on hand, new evaluation techniques are applied to already published NT-proBNP study results and additionally to newly gained data. Upper limits (ULs), lower limits (LLs) and 50th percentiles are tested for power-like behavior as a function of age using linear regression analysis. Functions for continuous RIs are derived and reference limits are calculated on a per day basis. A corresponding Zlog formula is deduced and its usefulness is stated in two clinical examples.ResultsThe power-like behavior of NT-proBNP concentration from birth to 18 years is demonstrated. With age in days t and measured NT-proBNP value x in pg/mL, an age-specific Zlog value may directly be calculated using the equation:${\rm{Zlo}}{{\rm{g}}_{{\rm{NT - proBNP}}}} = {{\log \;x + 0.512 \cdot \log \;t - 3.417} \over {1.489 + 0.014 \cdot \log \;t}} \cdot 3.92$ConclusionsUsing formulas for UL and LL, continuous RIs from 0 to 18 years may be obtained. Continuity corresponds to physiological changes in the body much better than discrete RIs. With the advent of an NT-proBNP-specific Zlog value, a cross-age Z-score equivalent is providing an easy interpretation aid in everyday pediatric practice. This new approach allows to identify clinical worsening much better, sooner and more clearly than previous absolute values.

Restrictive foramen ovale as the cause of the predominance of the fetal right heart

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Makogon , I.V. Andrushina
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Obstetric Management ◽  
The Right

Objective: сurrently antenatal premature closure (restriction) foramen ovale (RFO) is under recognised. The case of the RFO is analysed. Materials. Pregnant woman E was undergone diagnostic ultrasound at 33 weeks of gestation and monitoring up to delivery (39 weeks). The newborn has been followed up 3 months. Fetal heart was examined in general order and in the bicaval view. ПРЕНАТАЛЬНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА Рестриктивное овальное окно 231 как причина увеличения правых отделов сердца 2018 Т 17 № 3; 225-231 Results. Fetal examination revealed cardiomegaly, predominance of the right heart, aneurysm of the interatrial septum, high blood velocity through the foramen ovale channel (67.18 sm/s). The diameter of the aortic isthmus (AI) was 3.4 mm (Z-score — 2.06). We concluded that it was ROO. The conclusion of the echocardiography was coarctation of the aorta (CoA). The diameter of the AI reached 4.6 mm (Z-score — 1.01) up to 39 weeks of gestation. The newborn’s echocardiography is normal. Conclusion. Fetal heart ultrasound examination is important for obstetric management in the third trimester of gestation and follow up the newborn. It is necessary to include the PFO into differential diagnosis of the fetal heart right-sided dominance as the most probable cause and to follow up this fetus to delivery. Normally two-phase blood flow in AI is possible at the end of pregnancy.

Z -score reference ranges for normal fetal heart sizes throughout pregnancy derived from fetal echocardiography

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyan Li ◽  
Qichang Zhou ◽  
Huan Huang ◽  
Xiaoxian Tian ◽  
Qinghai Peng
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Fetal Echocardiography ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Z Score

A 24-segment fractional shortening of the fetal heart using FetalHQ

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Hata ◽  
Aya Koyanagi ◽  
Tomomi Yamanishi ◽  
Saori Bouno ◽  
Riko Takayoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Basal Segment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fractional Shortening

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate 24-segment fractional shortening (FS) of the fetal heart using FetalHQ by speckle-tracking regarding reproducibility and the change with advancing gestation.MethodsEighty-one pregnant women at 18–21 + 6 and 28–31 + 6 weeks of gestation were studied using FetalHQ with the speckle-tracking technique to calculate 24-segment FS of left and right ventricles. Intra- and inter-class correlation coefficients and intra- and inter-observer agreements of measurements for FS were assessed in each segment.ResultsWith respect to intra-observer reproducibility, all FS values showed correlations between 0.575 and 0.862 for the left ventricle, with good intra-observer agreements except for left ventricular segments 14–24. Right ventricular FS values showed correlations between 0.334 and 0.685, with good intra-observer agreements. With respect to inter-observer reproducibility, all FS values showed correlations between 0.491 and 0.801 for the left ventricle, with good intra-observer agreements except for left ventricular segments 16–22. Right ventricular FS values showed correlations between 0.375 and 0.575, with good inter-observer agreements. There were significant differences in the mean FS values in the basal segment (segments 1–5) of the left ventricle between 18 and 21 + 6 and 28–31 + 6 weeks of gestation (p<0.05), whereas there were significant differences in all mean FS values in the right ventricle between both gestational ages (p<0.05).ConclusionsThese results suggest that the reproducibility of the 24-segment FS of the fetal heart using FetalHQ is fair. However, there may be significant differences in FS values with advancing gestational age, especially for the right ventricle.

scholarly journals Hand anthropometry and its relation to grip/pinch strength in children aged 5 to 13 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 030006052097076
Author(s):  
Juan Wen ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Qu Xu ◽  
Yan Wei ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Pinch Strength ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Hand Shape ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Objective To evaluate the development level of children’s physiological hand shape indicators and their relationship with grip/pinch strength. Methods Hand shape and grip/pinch strength in 1255 Chinese children aged 5 to 13 years were prospectively measured. Development curves of physiological hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength were constructed. Results The physiological hand shape indicators (full length, middle finger length, width, and wrist thickness) and grip/pinch strength of boys and girls increased with age and showed statistically significant differences at different ages. In most age groups, hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength were larger in boys than in girls of the same age. After puberty, the physiological hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength increased more rapidly in girls than in boys of the same age, and the differences gradually decreased thereafter. Moreover, a significant difference in pinch strength between the right and left hands was observed in most age groups. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the physiological hand shape indicators were significantly positively correlated with grip/pinch strength, height, weight, and body mass index. Conclusions This study revealed the relationship between physiological hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength and provided reference ranges of physiological hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength for children.

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