scholarly journals Optimized architecture for SNOW 3G

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
N. B. Hulle ◽  
Prathiba B. ◽  
Sarika R. Khope ◽  
K. Anuradha ◽  
Yogini Borole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stream Cipher ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Maximum Frequency ◽  
Mobile Telecommunications ◽  
Chip Area ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ◽  
Umts Networks

SNOW 3G is a synchronous, word-oriented stream cipher used by the 3GPP standards as a confidentiality and integrity algorithms. It is used as first set in long term evolution (LTE) and as a second set in universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) networks. The cipher uses 128-bit key and 128 bit IV to produce 32-bit ciphertext. The paper presents two techniques for performance enhancement. The first technique uses novel CLA architecture to minimize the propagation delay of the 2<sup>32</sup> modulo adders. The second technique uses novel architecture for S-box to minimize the chip area. The presented work uses VHDL language for coding. The same is implemented on the FPGA device Virtex xc5vfx100e manufactured by Xilinx. The presented architecture achieved a maximum frequency of 254.9 MHz and throughput of 7.2235 Gbps.

scholarly journals RESOURCE ELEMENT-LEVEL DIMENSIONING OF LONG TERM EVOLUTION NETWORKS

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshed Oudah
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Mobile Telecommunications ◽  
Element Level ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
The Third ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ◽  
Cellular Technology

Long Term Evolution (LTE) of Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is the latest cellular technology coined by the third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and is currently being deployed worldwide. a crucial step towards the successful deployment scenarios of LTE networks is through the use of accurate budgetary and coverage dimensioning formulas of LTE’s physical air-interface channels and signals to guarantee favourable cell footprint and other capacity targets. In this paper, the total physical downlink resources along with their associated powers are derived and computed. Their corresponding overheads are also presented. The provided formulas serve in various network dimensioning campaigns of the LTE systems.  

scholarly journals The Effect of a Single 30-Min Long Term Evolution Mobile Phone-Like Exposure on Thermal Pain Threshold of Young Healthy Volunteers

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Vecsei ◽  
György Thuróczy ◽  
István Hernádi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Thermal Pain ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ◽  
Rf Devices

Although the majority of mobile phone (MP) users do not attribute adverse effects on health or well-being to MP-emitted radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs), the exponential increase in the number of RF devices necessitates continuing research aimed at the objective investigation of such concerns. Here we investigated the effects of acute exposure from Long Term Evolution (LTE) MP EMFs on thermal pain threshold in healthy young adults. We use a protocol that was validated in a previous study in a capsaicin-induced hyperalgesia model and was also successfully used to show that exposure from an RF source mimicking a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) MP led to mildly stronger desensitization to repeated noxious thermal stimulation relative to the sham condition. Using the same experimental design, we did not find any effects of LTE exposure on thermal pain threshold. The present results, contrary to previous evidence obtained with the UMTS modulation, are likely to originate from placebo/nocebo effects and are unrelated to the brief acute LTE EMF exposure itself. The fact that this is dissimilar to our previous results on UMTS exposure implies that RF modulations might differentially affect pain perception and points to the necessity of further research on the topic.

scholarly journals 3G Long Term Evolution Baseband Processing with Application-Specific Processors

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perttu Salmela ◽  
Juho Antikainen ◽  
Teemu Pitkänen ◽  
Olli Silvén ◽  
Jarmo Takala
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Sphere Decoding ◽  
Interprocessor Communication ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ◽  
Application Specific

Data rates in the upcoming 3G long term evolution (LTE) standard will be manifold when compared to the current universal mobile telecommunications system. Implementing receivers conforming with the high-capacity transmission techniques is challenging due to the complexity and computational requirements of algorithms. In this study, the software defined radio (SDR) is targeted and the four essential baseband functions of the 3G LTE receiver, namely, list sphere decoding, fast Fourier transform, QR decomposition, and turbo decoding, are addressed and the functions are implemented as application specific processors (ASPs). As a result, the design space that describes the essential computational challenges of 3G LTE receivers is clarified and estimates of area, power, and interprocessor communication buffer requirements are presented.

scholarly journals Quality of service performances of video and voice transmission in universal mobile telecommunications system network based on OPNET

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3202-3210
Author(s):  
Sameer A. S. Lafta ◽  
Mohaned Mahdi Abdulkareem ◽  
Raed Khalid Ibrahim ◽  
Marwah M. Kareem ◽  
Adnan Hussein Ali
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Video Transmission ◽  
Mobile Telecommunications ◽  
Voice Transmission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Qos Performance ◽  
Umts Networks

The universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) has distinct benefits in that it supports a wide range of quality of service (QoS) criteria that users require in order to fulfill their requirements. The transmission of video and audio in real-time applications places a high demand on the cellular network, therefore QoS is a major problem in these applications. The ability to provide QoS in the UMTS backbone network necessitates an active QoS mechanism in order to maintain the necessary level of convenience on UMTS networks. For UMTS networks, investigation models for end-to-end QoS, total transmitted and received data, packet loss, and throughput providing techniques are run and assessed and the simulation results are examined. According to the results, appropriate QoS adaption allows for specific voice and video transmission. Finally, by analyzing existing QoS parameters, the QoS performance of 4G/UMTS networks may be improved.

Link-Level Simulator for Wireless local Area Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Chaithra. H. U ◽  
Vani H.R
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Networks ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Wireless Local Area Networks ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Term Evolution

Now a days in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) used in different fields because its well-suited simulator and higher flexibility. The concept of WLAN  with  advanced 5th Generation technologies, related to a Internet-of-Thing (IOT). In this project, representing the Network Simulator (NS-2) used linked-level simulators for Wireless Local Area Networks and still utilized IEEE 802.11g/n/ac with advanced IEEE 802.11ah/af technology. Realization of the whole Wireless Local Area Networking linked-level simulators inspired by the recognized Vienna Long Term Evolution- simulators. As a outcome, this is achieved to link together that simulator to detailed performances of Wireless Local Area Networking with Long Term Evolution, operated in the similar RF bands. From the advanced 5th Generation support cellular networking, such explore is main because different coexistences scenario can arise linking wireless communicating system to the ISM and UHF bands.

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