scholarly journals Frequency regulation service of multiple-areas vehicle to grid application in hierarchical control architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 4597
Author(s):  
Paramet Wirasanti ◽  
Suttichai Premrudeepreechacharn
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Control ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Control Architecture ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Ancillary Service ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Hierarchical Control Architecture

<span lang="EN-US">Regarding a potential of electric vehicles, it has been widely discussed that the electric vehicle can be participated in electricity ancillary services. Among the ancillary service products, the system frequency regulation is often considered. However, the participation in this service has to be conformed to the hierarchical frequency control architecture. Therefore, the vehicle to grid (V2G) application in this article is proposed in the term of multiple-areas of operation. The multiple-areas in this article are concerned as parking areas, which the parking areas can be implied as a V2G operator. From that, V2G operator can obtain the control signal from hierarchical control architecture for power sharing purpose. A power sharing concept between areas is fulfilled by a proposed adaptive droop factor based on battery state of charge and available capacity of parking area. A nonlinear multiplier factor is used for the droop adaptation. An available capacity is also applied as a limitation for the V2G operation. The available capacity is analyzed through a stochastic character. As the V2G application has to be cooperated with the hierarchical control functions, i.e. primary control and secondary control, then the effect of V2G on hierarchical control functions is investigated and discussed.</span>

scholarly journals Hierarchical Control Architecture of Co-located Hybrid Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Long ◽  
Kaushik Das ◽  
Poul Ejnar Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Control Architecture ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Hierarchical Control Architecture ◽  
Plant Control

The utility-scale co-located hybrid power plants (HPPs) have been receiving attention globally due to enhanced controllability and efficient utilization of electrical infrastructure. While power plant control has been extensively studied for single-technology power plants in the past decades, how to control a co-located HPP that includes sub-plants with multiple technologies is yet to be well defined. To fill the gap, this paper proposes a novel hierarchical control architecture for co-located HPPs. This control architecture contains four control levels: asset control level, plant control level, HPP control level and HPP energy management system (EMS) level. The objective of HPP EMS level is to find optimal strategies for market participation, and the objective of HPP control level is to execute those strategies from the HPP EMS in real time. The interactions across the control hierarchy are firstly discussed in this paper, where attention is closely paid to interactions between HPP EMS level and HPP control level, and between HPP control level and plant control level. Novel strategies for control coordination are presented to ensure all the control levels work together without counteracting against each other. Frequency control and fault ride-through are two examples to demonstrate such control coordination.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Control Architecture of Co-located Hybrid Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Long ◽  
Kaushik Das ◽  
Poul Ejnar Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Control Architecture ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Fault Ride Through ◽  
Hierarchical Control Architecture ◽  
Plant Control

The utility-scale co-located hybrid power plants (HPPs) have been receiving attention globally due to enhanced controllability and efficient utilization of electrical infrastructure. While power plant control has been extensively studied for single-technology power plants in the past decades, how to control a co-located HPP that includes sub-plants with multiple technologies is yet to be well defined. To fill the gap, this paper proposes a novel hierarchical control architecture for co-located HPPs. This control architecture contains four control levels: asset control level, plant control level, HPP control level and HPP energy management system (EMS) level. The objective of HPP EMS level is to find optimal strategies for market participation, and the objective of HPP control level is to execute those strategies from the HPP EMS in real time. The interactions across the control hierarchy are firstly discussed in this paper, where attention is closely paid to interactions between HPP EMS level and HPP control level, and between HPP control level and plant control level. Novel strategies for control coordination are presented to ensure all the control levels work together without counteracting against each other. Frequency control and fault ride-through are two examples to demonstrate such control coordination.

A Control Architecture for Mission Re-Planning and Plan Repair of AUV

2013 ◽  
Vol 462-463 ◽  
pp. 794-797
Author(s):  
Ru Bo Zhang ◽  
Hai Bo Tong ◽  
Chang Ting Shi
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Control Architecture ◽  
Real Word ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Hierarchical Control Architecture ◽  
Planning Task ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Influence Degree

This paper present a hybrid, hierarchical control architecture for mission re-planning and plan repair of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) navigating in dynamic and uncertain marine environment. The proposal carries out a component-oriented part-based control architecture structured in three parts: situation reasoning, re-planning trigger and hierarchical re-planning layer. Situation reasoning using the unstructured real-word information obtained by sorts of sensor detectes and recognizes uncertain event. According the event types and influence degree, the re-planning trigger decides the re-planning level. Hierarchical re-planning layer contains mission re-planning, task re-planning and behavior re-planning. Different re-planning level depends on the result of re-planning trigger. Preliminary versions of the architecture have been integrated and tested in a marine simulation environment.

scholarly journals Coordinated Frequency Control Strategy with the Virtual Battery Model of Inverter Air Conditionings

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3052
Author(s):  
Jiafu Yin ◽  
Dongmei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Consensus Control ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Battery Model ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Control Scheme

Due to the potential of thermal storage being similar to that of the conventional battery, air conditioning (AC) has gained great popularity for its potential to provide ancillary services and emergency reserves. In order to integrate numerous inverter ACs into secondary frequency control, a hierarchical distributed control framework which incorporates a virtual battery model of inverter AC is developed. A comprehensive derivation of a second-order virtual battery model has been strictly posed to formulate the frequency response characteristics of inverter AC. In the hierarchical control scheme, a modified control performance index is utilized to evaluate the available capacity of traditional regulation generators. A coordinated frequency control strategy is derived to exploit the complementary and advantageous characteristics of regulation generators and aggregated AC. A distributed consensus control strategy is developed to guarantee the fair participation of heterogeneous AC in frequency regulation. The finite-time consensus protocol is introduced to ensure the fast convergence of power tracking and the state-of-charge (SOC) consistency of numerous ACs. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated by a variety of illustrative examples.

Task-oriented hierarchical control architecture for swarm robotic system

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuquan Leng ◽  
Cen Yu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Xu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
Control Architecture ◽  
Hierarchical Control Architecture ◽  
Task Oriented

scholarly journals Secondary Control for Storage Power Converters in Isolated Nanogrids to Allow Peer-to-Peer Power Sharing

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva González-Romera ◽  
Enrique Romero-Cadaval ◽  
Carlos Roncero-Clemente ◽  
Mercedes Ruiz-Cortés ◽  
Fermín Barrero-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Secondary Control ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Energy Interchange

It is usual in literature that power sharing among grid-forming sources of an isolated microgrid obeys their energy rating, instead of economic agreements between stakeholders, and circulating energy among them is usually avoided. However, these energy interchanges make strong sense and classical power sharing methods must be reformulated in the context of prosumer-based microgrids. This paper proposes a secondary control method for a prosumer-based low-voltage nanogrid that allows for energy interchange between prosumers, where storage systems, together with PV generators, are the controllable grid-forming sources. A power flow technique adapted to islanded microgrids is used for secondary control algorithm and the whole hierarchical control strategy for the prosumer converter is simulated and validated. This hierarchical control consists of three stages: tertiary control plans the energy interchange among prosumers, secondary obtains different voltage and power setpoints for each of the grid-forming sources, and, finally, primary control guarantees stable voltage and frequency values within the nanogrid with droop rules. Inner control loops for the power converter are also defined to track setpoints and assure stable performance. Simulation tests are carried out, which prove the stability of the proposed methods and the accuracy of the setpoint tracking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document