scholarly journals Geographical Forwarding Methods in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashif Naseer Qureshi ◽  
Abdul Hanan Abdullah ◽  
Anwar Mirza ◽  
Raja Waseem Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Routing Schemes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks are new and emerging technology and special class of mobile ad hoc networks that provide wireless communication between vehicles without any fixed infrastructure. Geographical routing has appeared as one of the most scalable and competent routing schemes for vehicular networks. A number of strategies have been proposed for forwarding the packets in geographical direction of the destination, where information of direct neighbors is gained through navigational services. Due to dynamically changing topologies and high mobility neighbor information become outdated. To address these common issues in network different types of forwarding strategies have been proposed. In this review paper, we concentrate on beaconless forwarding methods and their forwarding methods in detail.

Study of Ad hoc Networks with Reference to MANET, VANET, FANET

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodhy Krishna .S
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Autonomous Nodes ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Administration

A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network. It is a type of temporary computer-to-computer connection. It is a spontaneous network which includes mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) and Flying ad-hoc networks (FANET). A MANET is a network that has many free or autonomous nodes often composed of mobile devices that can operate without strict top-down network administration [1]. A VANET is a sub form of MANET. It is a technology that uses vehicles as nodes in a network to create a mobile network. FANET is an ad-hoc network of flying nodes. They can fly independently or can be operated distantly. This paper discusses the characteristics of these three ad-hoc networks.

Potential Area of Research in MANET

2012 ◽  
pp. 391-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha Singh ◽  
D. K. Singh ◽  
Mr. Sudipta Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Bounded Space ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

The growth of laptop and 802.11/Wi-Fi wireless networking have made Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) a popular research topic since the mid to late 1990s. Many academic papers evaluate protocols and abilities assuming varying degrees of mobility within a bounded space, usually with all nodes within a few hops of each other and usually with nodes sending data at a constant rate. Different protocols are then evaluated based on the packet drop rate, the overhead introduced by the routing protocols, and other measures. Research in MANET is like playing in a vast playground with only few known rules and large number of unknown rules applied to its different areas. Some areas are still unknown and some areas are at its early stage. Some of the research challenges that MANET present are dynamic topologies, battery lifetime, disconnected operations, security, et cetera. In general there are three types of MANET: vehicular ad hoc networks, intelligent vehicular ad hoc network, and Internet based mobile ad hoc networks. Each of these three types has its own research areas.

scholarly journals Cooperation as a Service in VANET: Implementation and Simulation Results

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajar Mousannif ◽  
Ismail Khalil ◽  
Stephan Olariu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Hoc Networks

The past decade has witnessed the emergence of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET), specializing from the well-known Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) to Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) wireless communications. While the original motivation for Vehicular Networks was to promote traffic safety, recently it has become increasingly obvious that Vehicular Networks open new vistas for Internet access, providing weather or road condition, parking availability, distributed gaming, and advertisement. In previous papers [27,28], we introduced Cooperation as a Service (CaaS); a new service-oriented solution which enables improved and new services for the road users and an optimized use of the road network through vehicle's cooperation and vehicle-to-vehicle communications. The current paper is an extension of the first ones; it describes an improved version of CaaS and provides its full implementation details and simulation results. CaaS structures the network into clusters, and uses Content Based Routing (CBR) for intra-cluster communications and DTN (Delay–and disruption-Tolerant Network) routing for inter-cluster communications. To show the feasibility of our approach, we implemented and tested CaaS using Opnet modeler software package. Simulation results prove the correctness of our protocol and indicate that CaaS achieves higher performance as compared to an Epidemic approach.

scholarly journals Efficient RSU Selection Approaches for Load Balancing in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Chi-Fu Huang ◽  
Jyun-Hao Jhang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Load Balancing ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Hoc Networks

Due to advances in wireless communication technologies, wireless transmissions gradually replace traditional wired data transmissions. In recent years, vehicles on the move can also enjoy the convenience of wireless communication technologies by assisting each other in message exchange and form an interconnecting network, namely Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). In a VANET, each vehicle is capable of communicating with nearby vehicles and accessing information provided by the network. There are two basic communication models in VANETs, V2V and V2I. Vehicles equipped with wireless transceiver can communicate with other vehicles (V2V) or roadside units (RSUs) (V2I). RSUs acting as gateways are entry points to the Internet for vehicles. Naturally, vehicles tend to choose nearby RSUs as serving gateways. However, due to uneven density distribution and high mobility nature of vehicles, load imbalance of RSUs can happen. In this paper, we study the RSU load-balancing problem and propose two solutions. In the first solution, the whole network is divided into sub-regions based on RSUs’ locations. A RSU provides Internet access for vehicles in its sub-region and the boundaries between sub-regions change dynamically to adopt to load migration. In the second solution, vehicles choose their serving RSUs distributedly by taking their future trajectories and RSUs’ loading information into considerations. From simulation results, the proposed methods can improve packet delivery ratio, packet delay, and load balance among RSUs.

An Efficient Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Ram
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Greedy Forwarding ◽  
Routing Strategy ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Selection Of

Background: VANETs (Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks) are the subclass of MANETs, which has recently emerged. Due to its swift changing topology and high mobility nature, it is challenging to design an efficient routing protocol for routing data amongst both moving vehicles and stationary units in VANETs. In addition, the performance of existing routing protocols is not effective due to high mobility characteristics of VANETs. Methods: In this paper, we proposed link reliable routing strategy that makes use of restricted greedy forwarding by considering neighborhood vehicles density and the least, average velocity with its own neighboring vehicles for the selection of next forwarder. Result: The proposed approach take the assumption that at every junction the police patrolling car (i.e. PCR junction node), which forwards the packet to vehicle onto correct road segment only. The link reliability is ensured by the mechanism for the selection of the next forwarder. Conclusion: The objective of this paper is to increase route reliability to provide increase throughput without greatly affecting end-to-end delay. The simulation results reveal that the proposed approach Reliable GPSR(R-GPSR) outperforms existing GPSR and E-GyTAR approach.

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