scholarly journals Analysis of Legacy System in Software Application Development: A Comparative Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
M. Srinivas ◽  
G. Ramakrishna ◽  
K. Rajasekhara Rao ◽  
E. Suresh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Software Evolution ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Legacy Systems ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Legacy System ◽  
Legacy Applications

<p class="PreformattedText">Software evolution is one of the challenging issues in today’s business environment. It is necessary for the organizations, which make use of Information, and Communication Technologies will have to align their business processes to compete with global business. The existing large software systems (“legacy” systems) have never been built to cope with the current business requirement for their poor coding, design structures, logic and documentation. Moreover, Legacy applications have various problems such as lack of up to-date documentation, skilled man power, resources of the Legacy applications, and high maintenance costs. Even though the Legacy system is obsolete, it contains detailed business rules and in continuous use, because it satisfies the users' needs and forms the backbone of the information flow of organization. One of the possible solutions is to refactor or modernize those systems into a new platform. It is necessary to analyse the existing legacy system for better understanding the business logic and its functionalities. This paper analyses various techniques proposed for understanding Legacy systems in existence.</p>

Analysis of Legacy System in Software Application Development: A Comparative Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Srinivas ◽  
G. Ramakrishna ◽  
K. Rajasekhara Rao ◽  
E. Suresh Babu
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Software Evolution ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Legacy Systems ◽  
Application Development ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Legacy System ◽  
Legacy Applications

<p class="PreformattedText">Software evolution is one of the challenging issues in today’s business environment. It is necessary for the organizations, which make use of Information, and Communication Technologies will have to align their business processes to compete with global business. The existing large software systems (“legacy” systems) have never been built to cope with the current business requirement for their poor coding, design structures, logic and documentation. Moreover, Legacy applications have various problems such as lack of up to-date documentation, skilled man power, resources of the Legacy applications, and high maintenance costs. Even though the Legacy system is obsolete, it contains detailed business rules and in continuous use, because it satisfies the users' needs and forms the backbone of the information flow of organization. One of the possible solutions is to refactor or modernize those systems into a new platform. It is necessary to analyse the existing legacy system for better understanding the business logic and its functionalities. This paper analyses various techniques proposed for understanding Legacy systems in existence.</p>

Evolving Legacy System Towards E-Business

2011 ◽  
pp. 295-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lerina Aversano ◽  
Raffaele Esposito ◽  
Teresa Mallardo ◽  
Maria Tortorella
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Legacy System ◽  
Legacy Software ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Legacy Applications ◽  
Decision Tables

In e-business, addressing the technical issues alone is not enough to drive the evolution of existing legacy applications, but it is necessary to consider problems concerning the strict relationship that exists between the evolution of the legacy system and the evolution of the e-business process. To fulfill this purpose, this chapter proposes a strategy for extracting the requirements for a legacy system evolution from the requirements of the e-business process evolution. The strategy includes a toolkit composed of a set of decision tables and a measurement framework, both referring to the organization, business processes, and legacy software systems. The decision tables allow the identification of the processes to be evolved, the actions to be performed on them and their activities, and the strategies to be adopted for evolving the information systems. The measurement framework aims at achieving a greater understanding of the processes and related problems, taking into account organizational and technological issues.

Migrating Legacy System to the Web

2011 ◽  
pp. 151-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lerina Aversano ◽  
Gerardo Canfora ◽  
Andrea De Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Open Architecture ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Legacy Systems ◽  
Legacy System ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Software Information ◽  
The Way

The Internet is an extremely important new technology that is changing the way in which organizations conduct their business and interact with their partners and customers. To take advantage of the Internet open architecture, most companies are applying business reengineering with the aim of moving from hierarchical centralized structures to networked decentralized business units cooperating with one another. As a consequence, the way in which software information systems are conceived, designed, and built is changing too. Monolithic, mainframe-based systems are being replaced by distributed, Web-centric, component-based systems with an open architecture. Ideally, business process reengineering should entail the adoption of new software systems designed to satisfy the new needs of the redesigned business. However, economic and technical constraints make it impossible in most cases to discard the existing and legacy systems and develop replacement systems from scratch. Therefore, legacy system migration strategies are often preferred to replacement. This entails that a balance must be struck between the constraints imposed by the existing legacy systems and the opportunities offered by the reengineering of the business processes.

scholarly journals UNCERTAINTY AND RISKINESS OF SMART CONTRACTUAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE GLOBAL BUSINESS

Management ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Andrii V. GRONA
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
World Markets ◽  
Contractual Relationships ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Business Entities

Introduction and Objective of the Research. According to the modern economic theory, compliance in the global business and its support occupy a certain, moreover, indefinite place among the heaviest burdens for global business entities. The objective of the article is to cover the issue of smart contractual relationships (SCR) as a way to increase the business activity of global business entities by minimizing compliance risks (CR).Hypothesis of Research Studies. With current technology solutions available today, it is expected that SCR will allow minimizing the burden of global business entities by widespread CR. The most important role among such solutions is played by the latest distributed ledger technologies (DLT). In the medium term, these technologies will reach such a level of development, at which the transition of contractual relationships from ordinary to intelligent ones will not only lead to the decrease in business activity in world markets, but will also contribute to its substantial increase.Objective. To prove that CR substantially overburden global business processes; to substantiate the urgency of the issue of the transition of the global business to SCR, as a way to a possible lack of CR in the global business environment.Research Methods:- theoretical substantiation for proving the significance of CR as factors of the global business environment and the necessity of using DLT in SCR;- statistical analysis for conducting a normative monetary valuation of CR and representing the degree of awareness by global business entities (GBE) of the competitive advantages of SCR over ordinary ones.Results: the significance of compliance risks in the global business is defined; the importance of smart contractual relationships in the way of eliminating compliance risks essential for entrepreneurship is theoretically grounded. The existence of advantages of the activities of global business entities within one or more sectors according to the cluster principle has been proved:- the cluster economy is a set of solely smart contractual relationships with the use of blockchain technologies;- using these technologies, entrepreneurship in the cluster is accompanied by minimal compliance risks.Conclusions. The article outlines the economic essence of SCR using DLT. Accordingly, theoretically, DLT will promote the spread of SCR to the entire global business environment, since business processes that are not accompanied by CR are possible then. Further research will cover the essence of DLT, due to which all the main advantages, as well as all existing deficiencies of the technology and defects for their active introduction in SCR in the world.

The Practice of Jordanian Banking to Improve Customer Retention

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Samer Alhawari
Keyword(s):  
Customer Relationship Management ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Customer Retention ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Customer Commitment

Enterprises have become increasingly reliant on digital information to meet business objectives. Significant amounts of information fuel business processes that involve parties both inside and outside of enterprise network boundaries. In response, many banks have recognized the importance of managing customer retention from the perspective of a process approach to positively impact customer retention. This paper adopts a holistic approach that examines the combined effects of customer processes on customer retention. Drawing on this framework, the paper develops several hypotheses regarding the main and interaction effects of customer processes on customer retention. The paper tests these hypotheses based on a sample of data collected from two hundred respondents, drawn randomly from four Jordanian banks working in Customer Relationship Management (CRM). The results show that customer commitment has strong positive effects on customer retention. However, findings that effect of customer knowledge creation and customer acquisition on customer retention is weaker than that of customer commitment. The empirical findings help both researchers and practitioners in future customer process and customer retention research. The value of the paper consists in establishing the need of researching and incorporating customer retention process as an important support to keep organizations competitive within the global business environment.

Instruments of Financial Legal Policy in the Countries of the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Olha V. POKATAIEVA ◽  
Lesia A. SAVCHENKO ◽  
Oleksandr M. BUKHANEVYCH ◽  
Anton O. MONAIENKO ◽  
Olga P. GETMANETS
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Usa

For the purpose of a more detailed analysis of the features of administrative regulation of fiscal policy, it is necessary to consider examples of fiscal regulation of business processes in individual foreign countries, as well as features of fiscal policy in the EU. For several decades in a row, the G7 countries – Great Britain, Italy, Germany, Canada, the USA, France, and Japan - determine world economic policy. Despite the periodic global economic crises, they are among the first to overcome their consequences and maintain a leading position in the global business environment. This happens due to a balanced fiscal regulation policy. Among their common features is that part of the GDP that they accumulate through leverage of fiscal regulation has a steady tendency for growth. Thus, over the past 40 years in France, this share has grown by 10.1%, and in Canada - by 10.9%. The paper shows that the theoretical basis of modern fiscal regulation in these countries is neo-conservatism, the basis of which is the importance of direct impact on production through targeted and large-scale tax cuts. The authors show that fiscal regulation in this case provides incentives for conservation and investment. Another important element is the reduction of government spending, mainly due to the implementation of targeted government programs. However, despite several common features, each country has certain features in the administrative and legal regulation of fiscal policy. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that it is necessary to investigate these features in more detail through the lens the historical development of the administrative and legal regulation of fiscal policy in foreign countries.  

A Conceptual Model of a Knowledge Warehouse

2010 ◽  
pp. 148-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meira Levy
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Data Warehouse ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Product Usage ◽  
Organizational Information ◽  
Existing Data

A firm’s capability to transfer its existing knowledge to various stakeholders and translate knowledge into action determines its success in today‘s volatile global business environment. However, while many firms systematically manage data and information, managing knowledge remains a controversial issue. One of the reasons for this is inconclusiveness about what knowledge is and whether it can be managed. In order to more precisely define knowledge and its management, a knowledge warehouse conceptual model (KW-CM) is proposed for practically and systematically assimilating of knowledge within organizational business processes. This conceptual model integrates aspects of knowledge that encompass business processes, stakeholders and other organizational information systems within the existing data warehouse (DW) conceptual model. In addition, the paper presents a formal architecture, definitions and guidelines that describe the KW components and processes for leveraging data and information into knowledge. The proposed KW-CM is demonstrated with an example of a DW which handles information regarding customer product usage.

scholarly journals Institutional Aspects of Risk Strategic Management in Azerbaijan Hospitality Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Nuray Rauf Rza-Zadeh ◽  
◽  
Marek Dvořák ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Strategic Management ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
Institutional Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, in the 21st century that is distinguished by the high penetration of information and communication technologies, interconnectedness and globalization, the effectiveness of institutions is increasingly manifesting the pressing need to clearly define and assess the prospects and directions of business development, taking into account the likelihood and the occurrence of the objective and subjective risks. This is happening mostly due to the growing volatility of the macroeconomic environment, increased competition, and the rapid globalization of various business processes and solutions. Taking this into account, one can see that the risk of the management process of the hospitality industry represents a complex multi-level procedure. The starting point of the whole risk management system is their forecasting which becomes the most effective way to prepare management decisions in hotel enterprises for the future. This paper focuses on the institutional aspects of risk strategic management in Azerbaijan hospitality sector related to legal, organizational, and cultural characteristics of development. The aim of this study is to identify the major institutional aspects of risk factors of the external environment as well as to realistically assess the changes in the impact of these factors on the activities of hotel enterprises and the hospitality sector of Azerbaijan for the nearest future based on the expert risk forecasting method. Moreover, the paper aims at updating the strategy of hotel development taking into account the changes in the external environment and to link these risks to the business processes taking place in hotel enterprises and in the hospitality sector. We analyze and describe the most important factors and sources of threats to hotel enterprises of Azerbaijan, such as the probability of new competitors, increasing competitive pressure, imperfect business environment in the country, increase in airline tariffs, changing customer needs and tastes, and maintaining a visa regime with many countries. Our results propose some organizational and economic mechanisms for risk management in the hospitality sector.

AUTOMATING SOFTWARE EVOLUTION

1995 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHENG-YANG LIU
Keyword(s):  
Software Evolution ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Legacy Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Business Software ◽  
Conversion System ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
And Function ◽  
Pragmatic Knowledge

This paper presents a pragmatic knowledge-based approach to evolving and reengineering legacy business software systems. We describe a CASE tool for assisting legacy system evolution by automating the tedious and knowledge-intensive conversion process and show how we developed and maintained the tool and how it is used with payoff. This work demonstrates that timely technology upgrades of legacy systems are only possible with carefully engineered knowledge-based tools. Viewing software as an artifact with structure, behavior, and function, we can represent most program conversion knowledge explicitly for function-preserving transformation in an automated conversion system. The payoff for using the knowledge-based approach to software evolution is not only in terms of valuable resources saved, but also in terms of improved quality of the upgraded software systems.

Migration of Legacy Information Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 741-749
Author(s):  
Teta Stamati ◽  
Panagiotis Kanellis ◽  
Konstantina Stamati ◽  
Drakoulis Martakos
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Planned Change ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Legacy Systems ◽  
Critical System ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Legacy System ◽  
Legacy Information Systems

In recent years, the accelerated competition in the global marketplace rendered the corporate environment more volatile than ever. The businesses are heavily relying on technological advancements to deliver a vast array of initiatives across a variety of industries. The firms’ main partner in this increasingly complex and unpredictable journey is considered to be their information systems. Although the relevant industry offers an unprecedented rate of technological innovations, nevertheless there are cases where the information systems carry significant baggage from the past (Kelly, Gibson, Holland, & Light, 1999). There are aged systems that often form the central hub of the information flow within the organisation and are responsible for consolidating information about the business (Bisbal, Lawless, Wu, & Grimson, 1999; Sommerville, 2001) and thus they are called mission-critical legacy information systems. The term “Legacy”, according to the Oxford Dictionary, refers to any long-lasting effect of an event or process. The Legacy System describes an old system that remains in operation within an organisation. These systems often represent a massive, long-term business investment. Ulrich (1994) defined them as “stand-alone applications built during a prior era’s technology, but they are perhaps more widely understood as software systems whose plans and documentation are either poor or non-existent” (Connall & Burns, 1993). Bennett (1995) referred to the legacy systems as, “large software systems that we do not know how to cope with but that are vital to the organisation”, while Brodie and Stonebraker (1995) as “any information system that significantly resists modification and evolution to meet new and constantly changing business requirements”. Finally, O’Callaghan (1999), drawing on the characteristics of legacy systems, described them as “a large system delivering significant business value today from a substantial pre-investment in hardware and software that may be many years old. Characteristically, it will have a long maintenance tail. It is, therefore, by definition a successful system and is likely to be one that is, in its own terms, well engineered. It is a business critical system which has an architecture which makes it insufficiently flexible to meet the challenges of anticipated future change requirements.” Legacy systems as a subject area is often overlooked in favour of areas such as new technology developments and strategic planning of information technology. In this context, the following sections present an overview of the legacy information systems problems in terms of their scale and definition. The legacy system issues include the required man-effort and costs of maintaining and evolving existing systems and the current methods of migrating complex legacy systems to new technology. It is shown that legacy systems present a critical area of study in both software engineering and business information systems. Taking into account that the role of technology is not merely supportive but affects the way enterprises conduct their business, it is shown that it is outdated to consider the migration process as the simple replacement of aged or problematic hardware and software. Thus, the migration should be approached as a planned change process that first and foremost requires an understanding and a methodology that covers the range of issues and organisational entities involved.

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