scholarly journals Self-configuration and self-optimization process with taguchi method in hybrid optical wireless network

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Adam Wong Yoon Khang ◽  
Arnidza Ramli ◽  
Shamsul J. Elias ◽  
J. Pusppanathan ◽  
Jamil Abedalrahim Jamil Alsayaydeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Wireless Access Networks ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Field Quality ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Qos Performance

<p>In this paper, an alternative improvement is proposed which is the adaptive wireless access networks-based optical backhaul convergence that will greatly promote to use the existing resource of MANET (mobile ad hoc network). However, these characteristics itself acts as a drawback to the MANET applications such as the random distribution of nodes and continuously changing topology. MiNiTab statistical software was used to model the effect of the parameter variation to predict the field quality through the design of experiments while OMNeT++ network simulation was created to visualize the effect of QoS performance study in response with varying speed scenario. The result shows that the proposed ESCMDR scheme can obtain robustness and outperformed compared to the non-Taguchi previous study when it is used in random waypoint mobility model in any speed of sources. The work is based on Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Packet Loss Probability (PLP) metric under the varying speed scenario. It results in better QoS network PDR of 28.9% improvement, with 83.56% improvement on average PLP. The paper shows that the MANET QoS performance constrained can be addressed with the self-configured data rate of integrated optimization with Taguchi method on AODV-UU (Adhoc On Demand Distance Vector-Uppsala University) routing technique.</p>

scholarly journals MANET Routing Protocols Evaluation: AODV, DSR and DSDV Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 06024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Taha AL-Dhief ◽  
Naseer Sabri ◽  
M.S. Salim ◽  
S. Fouad ◽  
S. A. Aljunid
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Distance Vector

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a set of mobile nodes that communicate with each other to configure an immediate network without utilizing any of infrastructure, the centralized access point or centralized administration in multiple hop manner. There are a lot of routing protocols have been proposed in MANET which are different from each other in the performance and the mechanism. Therefore, the performance study of those protocols in different scenarios is needed. This paper presents the performance comparison between Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), Ad hoc on demand distance Vector Routing (AODV) as reactive routing protocols and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) as a proactive routing protocol to precisely determine which protocol is more effective. Network Simulator (NS) version 2.35 has used to simulate and evaluate the performance of these protocols in terms of the packet delivery ratio, average throughput, average end-to-end delay, and packet loss ratio with respect to the variable number of nodes.

The Robustness of RM-DSR Multipath Routing Protocol with Different Network Size in MANET

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Naseer Ali Husieen ◽  
Suhaidi Hassan ◽  
Osman Ghazali ◽  
Lelyzar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Route Maintenance ◽  
Dynamic Source

This paper evaluates the performance of Reliable Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocol (RM-DSR) protocol with different network size compared to DSR protocol. RM-DSR developed in the mobile ad-hoc network to recover from the transient failure quickly and divert the data packets into a new route before the link is disconnected. The performance of RM-DSR protocol is tested in the Network Simulator (NS-2.34) under the random way point mobility model with varying number of mobile nodes. The network size parameter is used to investigate the robustness and the efficiency of RM-DSR protocol compared to DSR protocol. The network size affects the time of the route discovery process during the route establishment and the route maintenance process which could influence the overall performance of the routing protocol. The simulation results indicate that RM-DSR outperforms DSR in terms of the packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, normalized routing load and packet drop.

scholarly journals Link-state QoS routing protocol under various mobility models

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Safaa Laqtib ◽  
Khalid El Yassini ◽  
Moulay Lahcen Hasnaoui
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Link State ◽  
Random Waypoint

<p>Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) consists of a group of mobile or wireless nodes that are placed randomly and dynamically that causes the continual change between nodes. A mobility model attempts to mimic the movement of real mobile nodes that change the speed and direction with time. The mobility model that accurately represents the characteristics of the mobile nodes in an ad hoc network is the key to examine whether a given protocol. The aim of this paper is to compare the performance of four different mobility models (i.e. Random Waypoint, Random Direction, Random walk, and Steady-State Random Waypoint) in MANET. These models were configured with Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol under three QoS (Quality of Service) <a title="Learn more about Metrics" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/metrics">metrics</a> such as the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Throughput, End-to-End delay. The simulation results show the effectiveness of Steady-State Random Waypoint Mobility Models and encourage further investigations to extend it in order to guarantee other QoS requirements.</p>

scholarly journals Confidence-based Security System for Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2212-2218
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less network of wireless nodes. The network topology may change quickly with respect to time, due to node mobility. The network is a disintegrated network, activities such as delivering messages by determining the topology essential to be implemented by the nodes themselves i.e., the routing activity will be unified into mobile nodes. Due to the lack of centralized administration in multihop routing and open environment, MANET’s are susceptible to attacks by compromised nodes; hence, to provide security also energy efficiency is a crucial issue. So as to decrease the hazards of malicious nodes and resolve energy consumption issues, a simple confidence-based protocol is built to evaluate neighbor’s behaviour using forwarding factors. The reactive Ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol (AOMDV), is extended and confidence-based Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (CBAOMDV) protocol, is implemented for MANET. This implemented protocol is able to find multiple routes in one route discovery. These routes are calculated by confidence values and hop counts. From there, the shortest path is selected which fulfills the requirements of data packets for reliability on confidence. Several experimentations have been directed to relate AOMDV and CBAOMDV protocols and the outcomes show that CBAOMDV advances throughput, packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load, and average energy consumption.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of MANET routing protocols based on QoS and energy parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3635
Author(s):  
Salma S. Mohamed ◽  
Abdel-Fatah I. Abdel-Fatah ◽  
Mohamed A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
The Impact

Routing selection and supporting Quality of Service (QoS) are fundamental problems in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Many different protocols have been proposed in the literature and some performance simulations are made to address this challenging task. This paper discusses the performance evaluation and comparison of two typical routing protocols; Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) based on measuring the power consumption in network with varing of the QoS parameters. In this paper, we have studied and analyzed the impact of variations in QoS parameter combined with the choice of routing protocol, on network performance. The network performance is measured in terms of average throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), average jitter and energy consumption. The simulations are carried out in NS-3. The simulation results show that DSDV and AODV routing protocols are less energy efficient. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the directions for the future design of routing protocol which would be better than the existing ones in terms of energy utilization and delivery ratio.

scholarly journals Network Life Time maximization of the AOMDV Protocol Using Nodes Energy Variation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Abdelkader AOUIZ ◽  
Sofiane BOUKLI HACENE ◽  
Pascal Lorenz ◽  
Marc GILG
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Energy Variation ◽  
Dynamic Topology ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile ad hoc network presents generally several challenges such as high dynamic topology, packet loss and frequent routes discovering that result in low throughput and reduced packet delivery ratio. To reduce the number of route discovering process, multipath routing protocols makes use of alternate paths to continue packets transmission. Ad Hoc On-demand, multipath distance vector routing protocol or AOMDV, is one of the well-known multipath protocols that relays on the hop count metric to route packets. However maintaining disjoint active routes can reduce nodes life time and lead to more control messages like error and discovering packets. In this paper, a pre-emptive approach is proposed based on the historical values of nodes energy. Nodes that excessively consume energy in time are considered overloaded and are excluded from route discovering, hence nodes with reduced energy variation are selected to route packets. Simulation results show reduced number of dead nodes by 30 %, overhead by 16%.

scholarly journals Development of Modify Random Waypoint Mobility Model of Routing Protocol for the Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Vyas ◽  
Margam Suthar
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Random Waypoint Model ◽  
Random Waypoint

Mobility models are used to evaluated the network protocols of the ad hoc network using the simulation. The random waypoint model is a model for mobility which is usually used for performance evaluation of ad-hoc mobile network. Mobile nodes have the dynamic mobility in the ad hoc network so the mobility model plays an important role to evaluate the protocol performance.In this article, we developed modify random waypoint mobility (MRWM) model based on random waypoint for the mobile ad hoc network. In this article, the comparative analysis of modifying random waypoint mobility and random waypoint model on the ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol has been done for large wireless ad hoc network (100 nodes) with the random mobile environment for the 1800s simulation time. To enhance the confidence on the protocol widespread simulations were accomplished under heavy traffic (i.e. 80 nodes) condition. The proposed model protocol has been investigated with the performance metrics: throughput; packet delivery ratio; packet dropping ratio; the end to end delay and normalized routing overhead. The obtained results revealed that proposed modify random waypoint mobility model reduces the mobility as compared to the random waypoint mobility model and it is trace is more realist.

scholarly journals GROUP MOBILITY MODEL BASED PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOL IN MANET

2013 ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
ANKUR PATEL ◽  
Shivendu Dubey ◽  
ASHOK VERMA ◽  
SHARDA PD. PATEL
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Group Mobility ◽  
Manet Routing

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a dynamic network Topology without the aid of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Each node participating in the network acts as a host and as a router , means they have to forward packets and identify route as well. Random way point is the most common mobility model in most of the simulation based studies of various MANET routing protocols.The Group Mobility Model has been generated by Impact of Mobility Patterns on Routing in Ad-hoc Network(IMPORTANT). In the present communication, we have analyzed the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average End to End delay, Average Throughput, Normalized Routing Load (NRL) and number of Drop packets in CBR and TCP traffic models using routing protocols namely AODV and DSDV. Research efforts have focused much in evaluating their performance with same number of nodes but divided in different number of groups. Simulations has been carried out using NS-2 simulator.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of AODV Routing Protocol Under Blackhole Attack With Sink Shifting

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Marumo R. Okaile ◽  
Adedeji O. Sangodoyin ◽  
Ramajalwa P. Emma P. Ramajalwa ◽  
Moile Tshepo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Routing protocol selection are the primary ways to design any wireless network. In Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), the chosen protocol ought to be the best in terms information delivery and data integrity. Hence, the performance analysis of the protocol is the major step before choosing a specific protocol. In this paper, the performance analysis is applied to Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector protocol using Network Simulator2. Packet delivery ratio and energy are the two common measures used for the comparison of the performance of above protocol.

scholarly journals Mobile ad-hoc network routing protocols of time-critical events for search and rescue missions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Marwan Hamid Hassan ◽  
Salama A. Mostafa ◽  
Hairulnizam Mahdin ◽  
Aida Mustapha ◽  
Azizul Azhar Ramli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Time Critical

The most important experiences we discovered from several disasters are that cellular networks were vulnerable, and the loss of the communication system may have a catastrophic consequence. Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) play a significant role in the construction of campus, resident, battlefield and search/rescue region. MANET is an appropriate network for supporting a communication where is no permanent infrastructure. MANET is an effective network that uses to establishing urgent communication between rescue members in critical situations like, disaster or natural calamities. The sending and receiving data in MANET is depending on the routing protocols to adapt the dynamic topology and maintain the routing information. Consequently, This paper evaluates the performance of three routing protocols in MANET: ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV), and ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV). These protocols are inherent from different types of routing protocols: single-path, multi-path, reactive and proactive mechanisms. The NS2 simulator is utilized to evaluate the quality of these protocols. Several metrics are used to assess the performance of these protocols such: packet delivery ratio (PDR), packet loss ratios (PLR), throughput (TP), and end-to-end delay (E2E delay). The outcomes reveal the AOMDV is the most suitable protocol for time-critical events of search and rescue missions.

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