scholarly journals Network Life Time maximization of the AOMDV Protocol Using Nodes Energy Variation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Abdelkader AOUIZ ◽  
Sofiane BOUKLI HACENE ◽  
Pascal Lorenz ◽  
Marc GILG
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Energy Variation ◽  
Dynamic Topology ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile ad hoc network presents generally several challenges such as high dynamic topology, packet loss and frequent routes discovering that result in low throughput and reduced packet delivery ratio. To reduce the number of route discovering process, multipath routing protocols makes use of alternate paths to continue packets transmission. Ad Hoc On-demand, multipath distance vector routing protocol or AOMDV, is one of the well-known multipath protocols that relays on the hop count metric to route packets. However maintaining disjoint active routes can reduce nodes life time and lead to more control messages like error and discovering packets. In this paper, a pre-emptive approach is proposed based on the historical values of nodes energy. Nodes that excessively consume energy in time are considered overloaded and are excluded from route discovering, hence nodes with reduced energy variation are selected to route packets. Simulation results show reduced number of dead nodes by 30 %, overhead by 16%.

scholarly journals Confidence-based Security System for Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2212-2218
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less network of wireless nodes. The network topology may change quickly with respect to time, due to node mobility. The network is a disintegrated network, activities such as delivering messages by determining the topology essential to be implemented by the nodes themselves i.e., the routing activity will be unified into mobile nodes. Due to the lack of centralized administration in multihop routing and open environment, MANET’s are susceptible to attacks by compromised nodes; hence, to provide security also energy efficiency is a crucial issue. So as to decrease the hazards of malicious nodes and resolve energy consumption issues, a simple confidence-based protocol is built to evaluate neighbor’s behaviour using forwarding factors. The reactive Ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector routing protocol (AOMDV), is extended and confidence-based Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (CBAOMDV) protocol, is implemented for MANET. This implemented protocol is able to find multiple routes in one route discovery. These routes are calculated by confidence values and hop counts. From there, the shortest path is selected which fulfills the requirements of data packets for reliability on confidence. Several experimentations have been directed to relate AOMDV and CBAOMDV protocols and the outcomes show that CBAOMDV advances throughput, packet delivery ratio, normalized routing load, and average energy consumption.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of AODV Routing Protocol Under Blackhole Attack With Sink Shifting

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Marumo R. Okaile ◽  
Adedeji O. Sangodoyin ◽  
Ramajalwa P. Emma P. Ramajalwa ◽  
Moile Tshepo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Routing protocol selection are the primary ways to design any wireless network. In Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET), the chosen protocol ought to be the best in terms information delivery and data integrity. Hence, the performance analysis of the protocol is the major step before choosing a specific protocol. In this paper, the performance analysis is applied to Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector protocol using Network Simulator2. Packet delivery ratio and energy are the two common measures used for the comparison of the performance of above protocol.

scholarly journals Mobile ad-hoc network routing protocols of time-critical events for search and rescue missions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Marwan Hamid Hassan ◽  
Salama A. Mostafa ◽  
Hairulnizam Mahdin ◽  
Aida Mustapha ◽  
Azizul Azhar Ramli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Time Critical

The most important experiences we discovered from several disasters are that cellular networks were vulnerable, and the loss of the communication system may have a catastrophic consequence. Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) play a significant role in the construction of campus, resident, battlefield and search/rescue region. MANET is an appropriate network for supporting a communication where is no permanent infrastructure. MANET is an effective network that uses to establishing urgent communication between rescue members in critical situations like, disaster or natural calamities. The sending and receiving data in MANET is depending on the routing protocols to adapt the dynamic topology and maintain the routing information. Consequently, This paper evaluates the performance of three routing protocols in MANET: ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV), and ad-hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV). These protocols are inherent from different types of routing protocols: single-path, multi-path, reactive and proactive mechanisms. The NS2 simulator is utilized to evaluate the quality of these protocols. Several metrics are used to assess the performance of these protocols such: packet delivery ratio (PDR), packet loss ratios (PLR), throughput (TP), and end-to-end delay (E2E delay). The outcomes reveal the AOMDV is the most suitable protocol for time-critical events of search and rescue missions.

scholarly journals Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Network - A Survey and Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Rahul M Desai ◽  
B P Patil ◽  
Davinder Pal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Demand Routing

<p class="Default">Ad hoc networks are mobile wireless networks where each node is acting as a router. The existing routing protocols such as Destination sequences distance vector, Optimized list state routing protocols, Ad hoc on demand routing protocol, Ad hoc on demand multipath routing protocol, Dynamic source routing are optimized versions of distance vector or link state routing protocols.  In this paper, existing protocols such as DSDV, AODV, AOMDV, OLSR and DSR are analyzed on 50 nodes Mobile Ad Hoc network with random mobility. Packet delivery ratio, delay, control overhead and throughput parameters are used for performance analysis.</p>

scholarly journals Intersection Routing Based on Fuzzy Multi-Factor Decision for VANETs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6613
Author(s):  
Zhenbo Cao ◽  
Bhagya Silva ◽  
Muhammad Diyan ◽  
Jilong Li ◽  
Kijun Han
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Routing Performance ◽  
Decision Management ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a special form of mobile ad hoc network (MANET), which plays a key role in the intelligent transportation system (ITS). Though many outstanding geographic routing protocols are designed for VANETs, a majority of them use parameters that only affect routing performance. In this article, we propose an intersection routing based on fuzzy multi-factor decision (IRFMFD), which utilizes several features. The scheme is divided into two parts, namely vehicular decision management and intersection decision management. In the vehicular component, candidate vehicles between two static nodes (SNs) located at two intersections derive potential routing paths considering distance, neighbor quantity, and relative velocity. In the intersection component, the candidate SN was chosen from the current intersection’s 2-hop neighbors which were connected with the current intersection by a route that was decided on in part one. To get the best scheme, we also introduced other factors to estimate the number of hops in each link and link lifetime. The simulation shows that the IRFMFD outperforms on delivery ratio and end-to-end delay compared with AODV (Ad hoc on-demand distance vector), GPSR (Greedy perimeter stateless routing) and GeOpps (Geographical opportunistic routing).

scholarly journals Analisis Perbandingan Performansi Protokol Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector dan Zone Routing Protocol Pada Mobile Ad Hoc Network

2017 ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Bayu Satria Kusuma ◽  
Diah Risqiwati ◽  
Denar Regata Akbi
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Delay Jitter ◽  
Zone Routing Protocol ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Jaringan Ad Hoc adalah jaringan wireless dengan beberapa Mobile node yang tidak memiliki router tetap. Setiap node ini dapat berfungsi sebagai router yang dapat mencari dan menangani jalur ke node yang lain dalam suatu jaringan. Setiap node pada jaringan bersifat Mobile sehingga topologi dari jaringannya selalu berubah-ubah. AODV dan ZRP merupakan contoh routing protocol yang efisien untuk jaringan Ad Hoc pada tipe routing protocol masing-masing. AODV untuk tipe routing protocol reactive dan ZRP untuk tipe routing protocol hybrid. Setiap routing protocol tentu akan memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda dalam kecepatan mencari jalur routing dan kemampuan pengiriman jumlah packet dalam jaringan, sehingga Quality of Service (QoS) untuk setiap routing protocol juga berbeda. Oleh karena itu, menjadi penting untuk mengetahui kecepatan dan efisiensi routing protocol dalam menentukan routing yang akan digunakan dalam studi kasus. Dalam Penelitian melakukan analisis QoS jaringan ad hoc pada routing protocol AODV dan ZRP dengan parameter yang di uji adalah End to End Delay, Jitter, Packet Delivery Ratio dan Throughput. Setelah data terkumpul, dilakukan analisa dengan melihat QoS setiap protocol routing. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa masing-masing routing protocol yang diteliti, routing protocol AODV memiliki waktu yang lebih cepat dalam proses pengiriman packet ke node selanjutnya dengan nilai rata-rata 0.3134 detik dari pada routing protocol ZRP yang memiliki nilai 0.3891 detik. Untuk jumlah packet yang terkirim routing protocol ZRP lebih baik dengan rata-rata throughput 963.34 Kb dibandingkan dengan routing protocol AODV.

scholarly journals A DIGITAL CERTIFICATION MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS AND SECURITY ROUTING PROTOCOL IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-217
Author(s):  
Luong Thai Ngoc ◽  
Vo Thanh Tu
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Digital Certificate ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Digital Certificates ◽  
Dynamic Topology ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Routing services in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) are the goal of denial of service (DoS) attack forms, such as: Blackhole, Sinkhole, Grayhole, Wormhole, Flooding and Whirlwind. There are some related researches to improve of security performance of routing services, such as H(AODV), OTP_AODV, SAODV and ARAN. They require hypothetical conditions that public key infrastructure (PKI) is available.  TAMAN routing protocol supported a digital certificate verification service adaptively and quickly to the dynamic topology of the network without relying on any certification authorities (CA). However, node's digital certificate is installed manually and TAMAN has not digital certificate provision and revocation mechanisms. Hence, it is restricted to operate on MANET  where nodes move randomly. In this article, we propose a Digital Certification Management Mechanisms (DCMM) based on X.509 standard which supports storing digital certificate, provision and revocation without any PKI. We have implemented DCMM on TAMAN protocol and simulated with NS2 using static and mobility scenarios with speed 30m/s. Simulation results show that digital certificates providing process completely after 70 seconds for 100 member nodes using static scenario and 270 seconds using mobility scenario, and TAMAN performance using DCMM is reduced slightly in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay and routing load.

scholarly journals Comparative Performance Evaluation of Mobile Ad-hoc Network Routing Protocols using NS2 Simulator

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-713
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an independent assortment of mobile users that communicate over moderately bandwidth constrained wireless links. MANET’s topology is dynamic that can change rapidly because the nodes move freely and can organize themselves randomly; has the advantage of being quickly deployable. Although numerous routing protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks, there is no universal scheme that works well in scenarios with different network sizes, traffic loads and node mobility patterns, so mobile ad hoc routing protocol election presents a great challenge. In this paper, an attempt has been made to compare the performance of three routing protocols in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks – Ad-Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). We have evaluated the performance of these routing protocols with varying the number of mobile nodes and packet sizes on the basis of four important metrics such as packet delivery ratio, average end to end delay, normalized routing overhead and throughput. Network Simulator version 2.35 (NS-2.35) is used as the simulation tool for evaluating these performance metrics. The outcome of this research shows that AODV protocol outperforms DSDV and DSR protocols.

A Survey Study on Attacks in MANET Ad-Hoc Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
. Harpal ◽  
Gaurav Tejpal ◽  
Sonal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Short Article ◽  
The People ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Real World Problems

In this time of instant units, Mobile Ad-hoc Network(MANET) has become an indivisible part for transmission for mobile devices. Therefore, curiosity about study of Mobile Ad-hoc Network has been growing because last several years. In this report we have mentioned some simple routing protocols in MANET like Destination Sequenced Distance Vector, Active Source Redirecting, Temporally-Ordered Redirecting Algorithm and Ad-hoc On Need Distance Vector. Protection is just a serious problem in MANETs because they are infrastructure-less and autonomous. Principal target of writing this report is to handle some simple problems and security considerations in MANET, operation of wormhole strike and acquiring the well-known routing protocol Ad-hoc On Need Distance Vector. This short article will be a great help for the people performing study on real world problems in MANET security.

scholarly journals Comparative study of energy efficient MAC protocol with channel aware packet Scheduling in MANET

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.9) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
T Dheepak ◽  
S Neduncheliyan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Packet Scheduling ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mobile Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Link Failure ◽  
Failure State ◽  
Utility Factor ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile Ad Hoc Network is the centralized communication system which is used for transferring information through a secured mode from one end to another end. However, there is an energy loss that has been noticed in MANET. In this work, an efficient energy based Link Failure State Neighbor Detection Effective Efficient Protocol (LFSNDEEP) is to enhance the energy efficiency of the mobile node, and optimal transmission ratio computes Data, Audio, and Video packets. The proposed research on LFSNDEEP protocol is compared to Effective Efficient Neighbor Detection Protocol (EENDP) and which assigns the channel utilization. In this technique, the hello packet exchanges transmit based height and wavelength of the transmitter with particular distance. The computation of channel utility factor is the best method at link failure without data loss. The vitality utilization mathematical model is illustrated to show the nodes of least consumption by the broad recreation of utilization. The results observed from the proposed scheme shows that the energy level is minimized regarding the packet that loss is improved efficiently. In further, there are two results which can be gained in comparing with EENDP; firstly, packet delivery ratio and throughput get increased. And secondly, the end to end delay is decreased.

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