scholarly journals Power flow management of triple active bridge for fuel cell applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Nageswara Rao Kudithi ◽  
Sakda Somkun
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Phase Margin ◽  
Process Gain ◽  
Signal Modelling ◽  
Power Generation Systems ◽  
Extended Symmetrical Optimum Method

<p>The power conditioning circuits which are used in fuel cell systems should carefully be designed to prolong the life span of the system, for the reason of the dynamic nature, such that the unexpected and extreme changes in load decreases the life of the fuel cells. This paper presents the triple active bridge (TAB) and it’s average small signal modelling, which is used for design of the system controllers for stable operation. The extended symmetrical optimum method is used for realized the proportional integral (PI) controller, to control the output/Load voltage and power flow in the fuel cell/Source with a guaranteed minimum phase margin for the system with a variable process gain in addition to other accepted desired performances. This method ensures the maximum phase margin at a minimum required value at the desired gain crossover frequency with a compromise between system’s peak overshoot, rise time and settling time. This model and this approach helps in designing TAB suitable for healthy and uninterrupted fuel cell power generation systems as a part of a renewable /clean energy system. MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate the proposed controllers with TAB.</p>

scholarly journals Modeling, Control and Power Management Strategy of a Grid connected Hybrid Energy System

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujit Kumar Bhuyan ◽  
Prakash Kumar Hota ◽  
Bhagabat Panda
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Load Demand

This paper presents the detailed modeling of various components of a grid connected hybrid energy system (HES) consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) system, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), an electrolyzer and a hydrogen storage tank with a power flow controller. Also, a valve controlled by the proposed controller decides how much amount of fuel is consumed by fuel cell according to the load demand. In this paper fuel cell is used instead of battery bank because fuel cell is free from pollution. The control and power management strategies are also developed. When the PV power is sufficient then it can fulfill the load demand as well as feeds the extra power to the electrolyzer. By using the electrolyzer, the hydrogen is generated from the water and stored in storage tank and this hydrogen act as a fuel to SOFC. If the availability of the power from the PV system cannot fulfill the load demand, then the fuel cell fulfills the required load demand. The SOFC takes required amount of hydrogen as fuel, which is controlled by the PID controller through a valve. Effectiveness of this technology is verified by the help of computer simulations in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment under various loading conditions and promising results are obtained.

scholarly journals A Grid-Tied Fuel Cell Multilevel Inverter with Low Harmonic Distortions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 688
Author(s):  
Khlid Ben Hamad ◽  
Doudou N. Luta ◽  
Atanda K. Raji
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Harmonic Distortions

As a result of global energy demand increase, concerns over global warming, and rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, there is a growing interest in energy system dependence on clean and sustainable energy resources. Attractive power technologies include photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and biomass power. Fuel cells are also clean energy units that substitute power generators based on fossil fuels. They are employed in various applications, including transportation, stationary power, and small portable power. Fuel cell connections to utility grids require that the power conditioning units, interfacing the fuel cells and the grids, operate accordingly (by complying with the grid requirements). This study aims to model a centralised, single-stage grid-tied three-level diode clamped inverter interfacing a multi-stack fuel cell system. The inverter is expected to produce harmonic distortions of less than 0.5% and achieve an efficiency of 85%. Besides the grid, the system consists of a 1.54 MW/1400 V DC proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a 1.3 MW three-level diode clamped inverter with a nominal voltage of 600 V, and an inductance-capacitance-inductance (LCL) filter. Two case studies based on the load conditions are considered to assess the developed system’s performance further. In case 1, the fuel cell system generates enough power to fully meet this load and exports the excess to the grid. In the other case, a load of 2.5 MW was connected at the grid-tied fuel cell inverter’s output terminals. The system imports the grid’s power to meet the 2.5 MW load since the fuel cell can only produce 1.54 MW. It is demonstrated that the system can supply and also receive power from the grid. The results show the developed system’s good performance with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.12% for the voltage and 0.07% for the current. The results also reveal that the fuel cell inverter voltage and the frequency at the point of common coupling comply with the grid requirements.

Balancing a High-Renewables Electric Grid With Hydrogen-Fuelled Combined Cycles: A Country Scale Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Colbertaldo ◽  
Giulio Guandalini ◽  
Elena Crespi ◽  
Stefano Campanari
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
Combined Cycles

Abstract A key approach to large renewable energy sources (RES) power management is based on implementing storage technologies, including batteries, power-to-hydrogen (P2H), pumped-hydro, and compressed air energy storage. Power-to-hydrogen presents specific advantages in terms of suitability for large-scale and long-term energy storage as well as capability to decarbonize a wide range of end-use sectors, e.g., including both power generation and mobility. This work applies a multi-nodal model for the hourly simulation of the energy system at a nation scale, integrating the power, transport, and natural gas sectors. Three main infrastructures are considered: (i) the power grid, characterized by instantaneous supply-demand balance and featuring a variety of storage options; (ii) the natural gas network, which can host a variable hydrogen content, supplying NG-H2 blends to the final consumers; (iii) the hydrogen production, storage, and re-electrification facilities. The aim of the work is to assess the role that can be played by gas turbine-based combined cycles in the future high-RES electric grid. Combined cycles (GTCCs) would exploit hydrogen generated by P2H implementation at large scale, transported through the natural gas infrastructure at increasingly admixed fractions, thus closing the power-to-power (P2P) conversion of excess renewables and becoming a strategic asset for future grid balancing applications. A long-term scenario of the Italian energy system is analyzed, involving a massive increase of intermittent RES power generation capacity and a significant introduction of low-emission vehicles based on electric drivetrains (pure-battery or fuel-cell). The analysis highlights the role of hydrogen as clean energy vector, not only for specific use in new applications like fuel cell vehicles and stationary fuel cells, but also for substitution of fossil fuels in conventional combustion devices. The study also explores the option of repowering the combined cycles at current sites and evaluates the effect of inter-zonal limits on power and hydrogen exchange. Moreover, results include the evaluation of the required hydrogen storage size, distributed at regional scale or in correspondence of the power plant sites. Results show that when extra hydrogen generated by P2H is fed to GTCCs, up to 17–24% H2 use is achieved, reaching up to 70–100% in southern regions, with a parallel reduction in fossil NG input and CO2 emissions of the GTCC plants.

scholarly journals Cost Optimization of a Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy System with Fuel Cell and PV

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakti Singh ◽  
Prachi Chauhan ◽  
Mohd Asim Aftab ◽  
Ikbal Ali ◽  
S. M. Suhail Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy

Renewable energy has become very popular in recent years. The amount of renewable generation has increased in both grid-connected and stand-alone systems. This is because it can provide clean energy in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly fashion. Among all varieties, photovoltaic (PV) is the ultimate rising star. Integration of other technologies with solar is enhancing the efficiency and reliability of the system. In this paper a fuel cell–solar photovoltaic (FC-PV)-based hybrid energy system has been proposed to meet the electrical load demand of a small community center in India. The system is developed with PV panels, fuel cell, an electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank. Detailed mathematical modeling of this system as well as its operation algorithm have been presented. Furthermore, cost optimization has been performed to determine ratings of PV and Hydrogen system components. The objective is to minimize the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of this standalone system. This optimization is performed in HOMER software as well as another tool using an artificial bee colony (ABC). The results obtained by both methods have been compared in terms of cost effectiveness. It is evident from the results that for a 68 MWh/yr of electricity demand is met by the 129 kW Solar PV, 15 kW Fuel cell along with a 34 kW electrolyzer and a 20 kg hydrogen tank with a LPSP of 0.053%. The LCOE is found to be in 0.228 $/kWh. Results also show that use of more sophisticated algorithms such as ABC yields more optimized solutions than package programs, such as HOMER. Finally, operational details for FC-PV hybrid system using IEC 61850 inter-operable communication is presented. IEC 61850 information models for FC, electrolyzer, hydrogen tank were developed and relevent IEC 61850 message exchanges for energy management in FC-PV hybrid system are demonstrated.

scholarly journals Challenges of mastering the energy sector and sustainable solutions for development in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 30 - 2019 - MADEV... ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nguimfack-Ndongmo ◽  
A. Muluh Fombu ◽  
L. Sonfack ◽  
R. Kuaté-Fochie ◽  
G. Kenné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Power Flow Control ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission

International audience The African continent is currently experiencing a period of sustained economic and population growth that requires massive investment in the energy sector to effectively meet the energy needs in the context of sustainable development. At the same time, COP21 agreements now call all the states to use clean energy. Yet a great energy potential is available, but the electrification rate of the continent currently accounts for only 3% of the world's energy production. Also, the demand for both quality and quantity energy requires the mastery of applied mathematical tools to efficiently solve problems arising in the energy system. In this article, the major problems affecting the energy sector in Africa are identified, some solutions to the challenges are recalled and some new ones are proposed, with emphasis given to applied mathematics tools as well as energy policy. As case studied, a new control strategy of Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) devices-which are modern power quality Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Systems (FACTS)-is proposed for Power Flow Control. Le continent africain connait actuellement une période de croissance économique et dé-mographique soutenue qui requiert un investissement massif dans le secteur de l'énergie en vue d'un développement durable. Dans le même temps, les accords de la COP21 interpellent désor-mais les états à recourir aux énergies propres. Malgré son potentiel énergétique énorme, le taux d'électrification en Afrique reste très faible (3%) notamment au sud du sahara. D'autre part, la de-mande d'énergie en qualité et en quantité nécessite un recours aux outils mathématiques modernes pour résoudre les problèmes des réseaux électriques. Dans cet article, les principaux problèmes af-fectant le secteur de l'énergie en Afrique sont identifiés, certaines solutions aux défis de la maîtrise de ce secteur sont rappelées et de nouvelles solutions sont proposées, en mettant l'accent sur les outils de mathématiques appliquées ainsi que sur la politique énergétique. A titre d'illustration des nouvelles solutions mathématiques, une nouvelle stratégie de contrôle du compensateur statique, synchrone et série (SSSC) qui fait partie des systèmes modernes et flexible de transmission du courant alternatif (FACTS) est proposée pour le contrôle du flux de puissance.

Designing the Electricity Market with Energy Storage Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. VASKOVSKAYA ◽  
◽  
Boris A. KLUS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimal Power Flow ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Storage Systems ◽  
Storage Model ◽  
Optimal Power ◽  
Wide Range

The development of energy storage systems allows us to consider their usage for load profile leveling during operational planning on electricity markets. The paper proposes and analyses an application of an energy storage model to the electricity market in Russia with the focus on the day ahead market. We consider bidding, energy storage constraints for an optimal power flow problem, and locational marginal pricing. We show that the largest effect for the market and for the energy storage system would be gained by integration of the energy storage model into the market’s optimization models. The proposed theory has been tested on the optimal power flow model of the day ahead market in Russia of 10000-node Unified Energy System. It is shown that energy storage systems are in demand with a wide range of efficiencies and cycle costs.

Multi-Criteria Optimal Design of Hybrid Clean Energy System with Battery Storage Considering Off- and On-Grid Application

2021 ◽  
pp. 125808
Author(s):  
Saber Arabi-Nowdeh ◽  
Shohreh Nasri ◽  
Parvin Barat Saftjani ◽  
Amirreza Naderipour ◽  
Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Grid Application
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