Comparative study of egg contamination with <i>Salmonella</i> Heidelberg and <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium

Cases of salmonellosis in humans have been associated with consumption of eggs contaminated with this bacterial pathogen due to insufficient heat treatment. The most prevalent serotypes of Salmonella in Brazil include serotypes Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Heidelberg. The first two serotypes are major causes for eggs to be withheld from sale and for recalls over Salmonella contamination concerns in both domestic and foreign markets. Eggs may be contaminated through transovarian infection (transovarial transmission) due to the presence of the microorganism in the hen’s oviduct and bacterial penetration of the eggshell. There is little data in the literature on the susceptibility of egg contamination and eggshell penetration by Brazilian serotypes of Salmonella. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium serotypes to penetrate through the eggshell and detect these bacteria in the albumen and yolk according to the thickness of the eggshell. SPF (specific-pathogen-free) eggs were artificially contaminated by contact with moist cotton containing Salmonella (15 x 108 CFU/ml). Eggs were divided into the following groups: negative control (not contaminated), S. Heidelberg, and S. Typhimurium. Subsequently, these eggs were incubated at 37°C, and their contents analyzed after 4 h and 24 h of incubation. The evaluation (assessment) of the contamination was performed by traditional bacteriology and confirmed by biochemical and serological tests. Treatments were compared with Fisher’s test using a SAS statistical software. For S. Heidelberg, the percentage of positivity (positive cases) was lower in both albumen and yolk at 4 h and 24 h intervals (33.33% and 3.7%, and 3.7% and 3.7%, respectively) compared to S. Typhimurium (26.63% and 7.41%, and 33.33% and 33.33%, respectively). These findings suggest that the former strain (S. Heidelberg) was unable to survive in the hostile environment of the albumen. In contrast, eggshell thickness had no significant correlation with the number of positive samples. In conclusion, the results obtained in the egg infection model show that the Salmonella strains tested were able to penetrate the eggshell and multiply in both the albumen and yolk and that S. Typhimurium proved to be the most efficient to grow within these portions of the egg.

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Pathogenesis ofGallibacterium anatisin a natural infection model fulfils Koch's postulates: 1. Folliculitis and drop in egg production are the predominant effects in specific pathogen free layers

Avian Pathology ◽

10.1080/03079457.2014.955782 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 443-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Surya Paudel ◽

Dieter Liebhart ◽

Michael Hess ◽

Claudia Hess

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Infection Model ◽

Specific Pathogen Free ◽

Koch’S Postulates ◽

Specific Pathogen ◽

Koch's Postulates

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PC2 Ovotransferrin: Characterization and Alternative Immunotherapeutic Activity

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2017/8671271 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Constantin Chiurciu ◽

Viorica Chiurciu ◽

Mariana Oporanu ◽

Ionel Victor Pătrașcu ◽

Iuliana Mihai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

High Specificity ◽

Egg White ◽

Negative Control ◽

Specific Pathogen Free ◽

Immunological Activity ◽

Sds Page ◽

Specific Pathogen

Characterization and evaluation of immunotherapeutic potential of ovotransferrin PC2 (OTf PC2) were performed in this study. The ovoprotein was obtained from egg white from hens immunized with bacterial antigens, pathogenic for humans. For the negative control samples, OTf was extracted from eggs collected from Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) hens and purified by affinity chromatography on Protein G-agarose column with two eluting peaks: I, representing ovalbumin, and II, ovotransferrin. The finalapo-OTf form was reached by successive precipitation with ammonium sulfate and citric acid and theholo-OTf form by saturating theapo-form with FeCl3. Multiple OTf PC2 samples were analyzed through Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and, based on the molecular marker migration model, the ovotransferrin (76.5 kDa) and ovalbumin (45 kDa) were detected. The agglutination reaction exhibited statistically significant high specificity of the multiple OTf PC2, by reacting with the antigens used for hens’ immunization. Following ELISA, it was established that OTf PC2 from hyperimmune eggs has specificity for all antigens; the antibody titer was high, indicating that OTf PC2 possesses immunological properties similar to immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y). This study suggests that OTf PC2 immunological activity may play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of infections resistant to antibiotics and OTf PC2 can also act as a valuable nutraceutical.

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Pathogenesis ofGallibacterium anatisin a natural infection model fulfils Koch’s postulates: 2. Epididymitis and decreased semen quality are the predominant effects in specific pathogen free cockerels

Avian Pathology ◽

10.1080/03079457.2014.967176 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 529-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Surya Paudel ◽

Dieter Liebhart ◽

Christine Aurich ◽

Michael Hess ◽

Claudia Hess

Keyword(s):

Semen Quality ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Infection Model ◽

Specific Pathogen Free ◽

Koch’S Postulates ◽

Specific Pathogen ◽

Koch's Postulates

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Microbiota from Specific Pathogen-Free Mice Reduces Campylobacter jejuni Chicken Colonization

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10111387 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1387

Author(s):

Ayidh Almansour ◽

Ying Fu ◽

Tahrir Alenezi ◽

Mohit Bansal ◽

Bilal Alrubaye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

In Vitro Growth ◽

Specific Pathogen Free ◽

Effective Prevention ◽

Effective Strategies ◽

Gut Colonization ◽

Specific Pathogen ◽

Pathogen Colonization

Campylobacter jejuni, a prevalent foodborne bacterial pathogen, is mainly transmitted from poultry with few effective prevention approaches. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of microbiota on C. jejuni chicken colonization. Microbiota from specific pathogen-free (SPF) mouse stools were collected as SPF-Aerobe and SPF-Anaerobe. Birds were colonized with SPF-Aerobe or SPF-Anaerobe at day 0 and infected with C. jejuni AR101 at day 12. Notably, C. jejuni AR101 colonized at 5.3 and 5.6 log10 C. jejuni CFU/g chicken cecal digesta at days 21 and 28, respectively, while both SPF-Aerobe and SPF-Anaerobe microbiota reduced pathogen colonization. Notably, SPF-Aerobe and SPF-Anaerobe increased cecal phylum Bacteroidetes and reduced phylum Firmicutes compared to those in the nontransplanted birds. Interestingly, microbiota from noninfected chickens, SPF-Aerobe, or SPF-Anaerobe inhibited AR101 in vitro growth, whereas microbiota from infected birds alone failed to reduce pathogen growth. The bacterium Enterobacter102 isolated from infected birds transplanted with SPF-Aerobe inhibited AR101 in vitro growth and reduced pathogen gut colonization in chickens. Together, SPF mouse microbiota was able to colonize chicken gut and reduce C. jejuni chicken colonization. The findings may help the development of effective strategies to reduce C. jejuni chicken contamination and campylobacteriosis.

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Laboratory Animal Research Centre (Larc) “A Specific Pathogen Free Rodent Facility” - Covid – 19 Pandemic Response Plan

University of the Future: Re-Imagining Research and Higher Education ◽

10.29117/quarfe.2020.0285 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Muralitharan Shanmugakonar ◽

Vijay Kanth Govindharajan ◽

Kavitha Varadharajan ◽

Hamda Al-Naemi

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Animal ◽

Animal Research ◽

Research Centre ◽

Functional Requirement ◽

Specific Pathogen Free ◽

Specific Pathogen ◽

Response Plan ◽

Pandemic Response ◽

Operational Plan

Laboratory Animal Research Centre (LARC) has developed an early emergency operational plan for COVID-19 pandemic situation. Biosafety and biosecurity measures were planned and implemented ahead of time to check the functional requirement to prevent the infection. Identified necessary support for IT, transport, procurement, finance, admin and research to make the operations remotely and successfully.

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Curcumin reduces enteric isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α and prostaglandin GF2α in specific pathogen-free Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-90679-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Victor M. Petrone-Garcia ◽

Raquel Lopez-Arellano ◽

Gabriela Rodríguez Patiño ◽

Miriam Aide Castillo Rodríguez ◽

Daniel Hernandez-Patlan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Oxidation Products ◽

Specific Pathogen Free ◽

Post Challenge ◽

Eimeria Maxima ◽

Lipid Oxidation Products ◽

Challenge Control ◽

Specific Pathogen

AbstractThe purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate and determine the concentration of prostaglandin GF2α (PGF2α) and isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α in plasma and intestine of specific pathogen-free (SPF) Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima, with or without dietary supplementation of curcumin using solid‐phase microextraction and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Eighty 1-day-old male SPF chickens were randomly allocated to one of four groups with four replicates (n = 5 chickens/replicate). Groups consisted of: (1) Control (no challenge), (2) Curcumin (no challenge), (3) Eimeria maxima (challenge), and (4) Eimeria maxima (challenge) + curcumin. At day 28 of age, all chickens in the challenge groups were orally gavaged with 40,000 sporulated E. maxima oocysts. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the groups regardless of the treatment or challenge with E. maxima. Enteric levels of both isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α and PGF2α at 7 days and 9 days post-challenge were significantly increased (P < 0.01) compared to the non-challenge control chickens. Interestingly, the enteric levels of both isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α and PGF2α at 7 days post-challenge were significantly reduced in chickens fed curcumin, compared to control chickens challenge with E. maxima. At 9 days post-challenge, only levels of isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α in the enteric samples were significantly reduced in chickens challenged with E. maxima supplemented with curcumin, compared with E. maxima challenge chickens. No differences of isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α or PGF2α were observed in plasma at both days of evaluation. Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the challenge control or chickens challenge with E. maxima and supplemented with curcumin at both times of evaluation. The results of this pilot study suggests that the antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin reduced the oxidative damage and subsequent intestinal mucosal over-production of lipid oxidation products. Further studies to confirm and extend these results in broiler chickens are required.

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Phage Resistance Is Associated with Decreased Virulence in KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae of the Clonal Group 258 Clade II Lineage

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9040762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 762

Author(s):

Lucia Henrici De Angelis ◽

Noemi Poerio ◽

Vincenzo Di Pilato ◽

Federica De Santis ◽

Alberto Antonelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Parental Strain ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Capsular Polysaccharide ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Phage Resistance ◽

Infection Model ◽

Lytic Phage ◽

Susceptible Host

Phage therapy is now reconsidered with interest in the treatment of bacterial infections. A major piece of information for this application is the definition of the molecular targets exploited by phages to infect bacteria. Here, the genetic basis of resistance to the lytic phage φBO1E by its susceptible host Klebsiella pneumoniae KKBO-1 has been investigated. KKBO-1 phage-resistant mutants were obtained by infection at high multiplicity. One mutant, designated BO-FR-1, was selected for subsequent experiments, including virulence assessment in a Galleria mellonella infection model and characterization by whole-genome sequencing. Infection with BO-FR-1 was associated with a significantly lower mortality when compared to that of the parental strain. The BO-FR-1 genome differed from KKBO-1 by a single nonsense mutation into the wbaP gene, which encodes a glycosyltransferase involved in the first step of the biosynthesis of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Phage susceptibility was restored when BO-FR-1 was complemented with the constitutive wbaP gene. Our results demonstrated that φBO1E infects KKBO-1 targeting the bacterial CPS. Interestingly, BO-FR-1 was less virulent than the parental strain, suggesting that in the context of the interplay among phage, bacterial pathogen and host, the emergence of phage resistance may be beneficial for the host.

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