scholarly journals Butterflies of Garhwal, Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun P. Singh ◽  
Sanjay Sondhi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
The State ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
Annotated Checklist

Thirty percent of butterfly species that occur in India are found in the Garhwal region of the western Himalaya, which comprise six districts of Uttarakhand State with five major vegetation types lying between the catchments of the Ganga and Yamuna rivers.  The annotated checklist compiled here for this region comprises 407 species and takes into account all the species recorded since 1899, when the first list of 323 species was prepared by Mackinnon & de Nicéville on the ‘butterflies of Mussoorie and its adjacent areas’.  Over a 20 year period (1986–1990; 2000–June 2015) the present authors maintained detailed notes and were able personally to record 349 species.  This information is presented in a checklist, together with details of the month, year and site of each record, relative abundance, Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (IWPA) status, as well as references of earlier records made by other authors in Garhwal for those species that the authors were not able to record themselves.  Forty-nine species recorded in the region have been placed under various schedules of IWPA; only one species, the Golden Emperor Dilipa morgiana Westwood, is listed in Schedule I Part IV, the others being mainly included under Schedule II Part II.  The paper also discusses new range extensions and significant records (past and present), identifies major biotic factors that threaten butterfly diversity in Garhwal, and suggests the scope for butterfly ecotourism in the state as an option for long term conservation.  

Butterflies (Lepidoptera - Rhopalocera) of coastal areas of Southern West Bengal, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-290
Author(s):  
Arajush Payra
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
First Time

The present study was carried out to prepare a checklist of butterflies in the Coastal areas of Purba Medinipur District of southern West Bengal between January 2014 and February 2016. A total of 112 butterfly species belonging to 74 genera under 14 subfamilies and five families were recorded during the study period. Nymphalidae and Lycaenidae were the most dominant family, whereas Papilionidae was the least dominant family. Among 112 butterfly species recorded, 9 species were legally protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. A total of 59 species were newly recorded in the study area. Suastus minuta Moore, 1877 was recorded for the first time in West Bengal. The present results also provide a detailed comparison of butterfly diversity among different studies conducted in southern West Bengal.   Citation: Payra A., Mishra R. K., Mondal K., 2017. Butterflies (Lepidoptera - Rhopalocera) of coastal areas of Southern West Bengal, India. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(3): 276-390. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.9243. Received 21 February 2017, accepted 10 March 2017 *Corresponding author: [email protected] 

Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) fauna of Jabalpur City, Madhya Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 16607-16613
Author(s):  
Jagat S. Flora ◽  
Ashish D. Tiple ◽  
Ashok Sengupta ◽  
Sonali V. Padwad
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
City Area

The present study was carried out to reveal the butterfly species diversity in the Jabalpur City, Madhya Pradesh, India.  Study was carried out from January 2008 to 2018. A total of 112 species were recorded, with an addition of 41 new species for Jabalpur district and one species for the state of Madhya Pradesh.  Of the total, 42 species were very common, five were frequent common, 18 were rare, and four were very rare. Nymphalidae was dominant with 39 species, followed by Lycaenidae with 38, Pieridae with 15 species, Hesperiidae with 14, Papilionidae with eight and Riodinidae with one species.  About six species of the recorded ones come under the protection category of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.  The study illustrated the value of Jabalpur City area in hosting valuable resources for butterflies.  

scholarly journals Status, abundance, and seasonality of butterfly fauna at Kuvempu University Campus, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 18355-18363
Author(s):  
M.N. Harisha ◽  
B.B. Hosetti
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Butterfly Fauna ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
The Western Ghats

A survey was conducted to record the diversity, status, and occurrence of butterfly species in the Kuvempu University Campus, Jnana Sahyadri, Shivamogga District, Karnataka during February 2010 to January 2011. A total of 115 species of butterflies in 77 genera, belonging to five families were recorded.  Nymphalidae comprised the highest number of species, followed by Lycaenidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae, and Hesperiidae.  The study area hosts 14 species of butterflies protected under various schedules of the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.  Nine species recorded are endemic to the Western Ghats of peninsular India and Sri Lanka.  Hence there is an urgent need to protect this habitat by adapting long-term monitoring programs to manage and conserve the butterfly diversity.

scholarly journals Assessment of deciduous trees state and phyllophagous composition in Yoshkar-Ola

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Nina Valeryevna Turmuhametova
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
The State ◽  
Transport Emissions

This paper presents the results of long-term observations of the state of plantations of Betula pendula Roth and Tilia cordata Mill. in Yoshkar-Ola. Assessment of trees state was carried out by morphological analysis of the leaf blade, since the plants assimilation organs are most exposed to atmospheric toxicants, attacks of insects and pathogenic microorganisms. Based on the assumption that pollutants affect directly phytophages or through the forage resource, the species composition of the phyllophagous insects and mites was studied in the gradient of the increase in industrial transport emissions. Morphological changes in leaves and an increase in the area of damage in the pollution gradient are described. In this case, the area of the leaf blade can both increase in B. pendula , and decrease in T. cordata . Determination of the arachnoentomological material and the establishment of herbivorous insects and mites for characteristic lesions made it possible to describe in the crowns of B. pendula 84 dendrobiotic species, T. cordata - 100 species. Among the phyllophagous there are gnawing and sucking leaves, miners and gall producers. The representatives of Coleoptera predominate. Under environmental conditions, the proportion of arthropods that are monophages and form protective devices increases. Under the conditions of the urban ecosystem, a decrease in the variety of phyllophages was revealed, but an increase in the relative abundance of the most protected species Aphidoidae (Homoptera), Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Eriophyidae (Acarina). The calculation of the number of insects per unit volume of the crown was carried out. As a bioindicative indicator of the quality of habitat, it is suggested to use the state of tree leaves, the diversity and relative abundance of insects and mites of phyllophages.

An Insight Into the Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) Associated With Protected Area Network of Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-178
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Arya ◽  
Aman Verma
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Protected Area Network ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Insight Into

Uttarakhand has a rich tradition to conserve its immense array of biological and cultural diversity. An annotated checklist on butterfly diversity and distribution across protected areas of state Uttarakhand is provided here which is a culmination of published literature over a period of the last 38 years (1981-2018). The list comprises 393 butterfly species under 188 genera and six families. The local status was also assigned to the compiled species of butterflies after critical review of referred literature, wherein 22.70% of the total species were found ‘rare' while 41 species of butterflies are entirely lacking published record from the last many decades. A total of 51 species compiled in the present checklist, which was reported based on its presence or absence unique and rare to a particular protected area, are the species of concern as they might face extinction through slight alterations in their habitats.

scholarly journals Cirsium wallichii DC. (Asteraceae): a key nectar source of butterflies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 17049-17056
Author(s):  
Bitupan Boruah ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Abhijit Das
Keyword(s):  
Western Himalaya ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Butterfly Diversity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nectar Sources ◽  
Nectar Source

Abstract: Butterfly diversity and abundance depend on the diversity of foraging resources and nectar characteristics.  Several wild plants of the family Asteraceae often considered as weeds, are important nectar sources for butterflies.  The present communication reports Cirsium wallichii as a key nectar source for a large number of butterfly species during the summer season in Benog Wildlife Sanctuary, Mussoorie, western Himalaya.  Of the total recorded species of butterflies (62), a maximum species (22) belongs to the Nymphalidae family followed by Hesperiidae (13), and Lycaenidae (11) that visits C. wallichii.  Therefore, it is suggested that Cirsium wallichii has an important role in sustaining butterfly diversity.   Keywords: Mussoorie, Lepidoptera, .

scholarly journals Annotated checklist of butterflies of Ankleshwar—an industrial town in Gujarat, India

Check List ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1015
Author(s):  
Azaz Sidat ◽  
Urjit Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Wildlife Protection ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Insight Into

Urbanization threatens the diversity of butterflies due to habitat fragmentation with environmental degradation. Butterflies, as potent pollinators and ecological indicators, are important in conservation planning and environmental monitoring. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the species diversity of butterflies in Ankleshwar, an industrial town in Gujarat, India, and has potential use in urban planning and conservation. A total of 63 species belonging to five families were photo-documented and identified. The richest family was Nymphalidae, followed by Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae, and Papilionidae. Junonia Hübner, [1819] and Colotis Hübner, [1819] were the dominant genera with five species each. Six species have the IUCN status of Least Concern but 57 species are Not Evaluated. Seven species are afforded protection under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. This study highlights the need to conserve rare and threatened butterfly species.

Power Projects and Covid-19: A Practical Analysis of the Relevance of Force Majeure Clauses under the Standardised Power Purchase and Implementation Agreements of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Aisha Naiga ◽  
Loyola Rwabose Karobwa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Energy Justice

Over 90% of Uganda's power is generated from renewable sources. Standardised Implementation Agreements and Power Purchase Agreements create a long-term relationship between Generating Companies and the state-owned off-taker guaranteed by Government. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb the spread of the virus have triggered the scrutiny and application of force majeure (FM) clauses in these agreements. This article reviews the FM clauses and considers their relevance. The authors submit that FM clauses are a useful commercial tool for achieving energy justice by ensuring the continuity of the project, despite the dire effects of the pandemic. Proposals are made for practical considerations for a post-COVID-19 future which provides the continued pursuit of policy goals of promoting renewable energy sources and increasing access to clean energy, thus accelerating just energy transitions.

Individual mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve damage when exposed to metallic mercury

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 918-924
Author(s):  
Dina V. Rusanova ◽  
Oleg L. Lakhman ◽  
Galina M. Bodienkova ◽  
Irina V. Kudaeva ◽  
Natalya G. Kuptsova
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Damage ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Peripheral Blood Circulation ◽  
Antibodies To Dna

Introduction. There is a lack of knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms that form peripheral nerve disorders in mercury lesions of professional origin. The study aims to reveal the mechanisms underlying peripheral nerve damage in the long-term post-contact period of chronic mercury intoxication (CMI). Materials and methods. Fifty-one people had the diagnosis of a long-term period of CMI. The post-contact period was 8.5±2.6 years. The authors compared the results with a control group of 26 healthy men who had no contact with toxic substances. Stimulating electroneuromyography was performed. We studied the body systems that could contribute to the formation of disorders in the peripheral nerves. Changes in peripheral hemodynamics were studied using reovasography. The content of autoantibodies, neuron-specific enolase, serotonin, histamine, catecholamines (epinephrine, dopamine), metanephrine, and neurotrophin-3 was reviewed. The content of ceruloplasmin, secondary products of lipid peroxidation processes, reduced glutathione, the activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of nitric oxide levels were determined. Results. The study established pathogenetic structural links of peripheral nerve disorders. The autoimmune process's role was to increase the range of antibodies to the MAG protein and increase the level of antibodies to DNA. Violations of elastic-tonic properties of peripheral vessels could be associated with the functional state of motor axons. The increased content of neurotransmitters is related to the state of peripheral blood circulation; the most pronounced changes were on the legs, which could contribute to the occurrence and maintenance of vasoconstriction. The role of oxidative stress in the formation of demyelinating disorders in patients' peripheral nerves in the long-term period of CRI is possible. Conclusion. Neuroimmunological processes has an essential role in the development of peripheral nerve demyelination was shown, which consists in an increase in the content of antibodies to the MAG protein expressed on Schwann cells of peripheral nerves and in an increase in the level of antibodies to DNA involved in the formation of demyelinating changes when exposed to metallic mercury. The revealed pathological changes in the state of the peripheral blood circulation, characterized by a violation of the vessels' elastic-tonic properties, leading to demyelination of motor axons in patients in the long-term period of CMI. The increased content of neurotransmitters in the examined is of great importance in the state of peripheral circulation. Pronounced changes in blood circulation are established on the lower extremities, which may be associated with the predominance of α-adrenergic receptors in the arterial bed and may contribute to the occurrence and maintenance of vasoconstriction in the legs. The relationship between changes in indicators of oxidative stress, consisting of a decrease in the value of superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione, and the formation of demyelinating disorders of peripheral nerves in patients in the long-term period of CMI has been proved.

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