Diversity and temporal variation of the bird community in paddy fields of Kadhiramangalam, Tamil Nadu, India

Paddy, a major food crop of India, provides a variety of habitats in a short period of time and supports diverse organisms. Paddy fields also harbour many birds with varying species composition across the different cultivation phases of paddy. This study, conducted in the paddy fields of Kadhiramangalam, Tamil Nadu, India, recorded the bird community composition there during the various cultivation phases of paddy. The bird community data was analysed and a total of 87 bird species were recorded from the study area belonging to 41 families and 13 orders. The growth phase (PS 3) is the most diverse phase. The bird composition showed a significant variation across the paddy cultivation phases with overall average dissimilarity of 71.41%. The patterns shown by graphs of bird species composition across the paddy cultivation phases is based on guild, habitat usage and order overlap and elucidates that the change in bird community composition temporally can be attributed to the niche variability across the paddy cultivation phases. The major species contributing to these changes observed are Black-headed Munia, Baya Weaver, Common Sandpiper, Barn Swallow, Common Myna, and Black Drongo in this region.

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Fire effects on the composition of a bird community in an amazonian Savanna (Brazil)

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842005000400016 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 683-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

R. Cintra ◽

T. M. Sanaiotti

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Community Composition ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Community ◽

Fire Effects ◽

Bird Abundance ◽

Bird Species Richness ◽

Byrsonima Crassifolia ◽

Mist Net

The effects of fire on the composition of a bird community were investigated in an Amazonian savanna near Alter-do-Chão, Pará (Brazil). Mist-net captures and visual counts were used to assess species richness and bird abundance pre- and post-fire in an approximately 20 ha area. Visual counts along transects were used to survey birds in an approximately 2000 ha area in a nearby area. Results using the same method of ordination analysis (multidimensional scaling) showed significant effects of fire in the 20 ha and 2000 ha areas and strongly suggest direct effects on bird community composition. However, the effects were different at different spatial scales and/or in different years, indicating that the effects of fire vary spatially and/or temporally. Bird community composition pre-fire was significantly different from that found post-fire. Using multiple regression analysis it was found that the numbers of burned and unburned trees were not significantly related to either bird species richness or bird abundance. Two months after the fire, neither bird species richness nor bird abundance was significantly related to the number of flowering trees (Lafoensia pacari) or fruiting trees (Byrsonima crassifolia). Since fire is an annual event in Alter-do-Chão and is becoming frequent in the entire Amazon, bird community composition in affected areas could be constantly changing in time and space.

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Forest and biodiversity: a multiscale analysis of forest bird community in Varese district

Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia ◽

10.4081/rio.2012.126 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 82 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Alessandra Gagliardi ◽

Damiano Preatoni ◽

Fabio Saporetti ◽

Guido Tosi

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Landscape Metrics ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Multiscale Analysis ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Community ◽

Multiscale Approach ◽

Forest Bird ◽

Area Data

Forests represent more than 45% of the Varese district area. Data of forest bird community composition are correlated with the appearance of woods. With a multiscale approach (1 km2 units and territories) some landscape metrics are analysed, in order to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on bird species.

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Shifting cultivation along the Trans-African Highway and its impact on the understorey bird community in the Ituri Forest, Zaire

Bird Conservation International ◽

10.1017/s0959270900001659 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 317-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Andrew J. Plumptre

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Forest Structure ◽

Shifting Cultivation ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Community ◽

Selective Logging ◽

Primary Forest ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Ituri Forest

summarySince the 1940s, horticulturalists (the Lese) have been settled along the sides of the roads that traverse a large part of the forest in eastern Zaire. These people have maintained their lifestyle of shifting cultivation and trade with the Mbuti pygmies. This has resulted in corridors of heavily disturbed and regenerating forest. The results of a study of the understorey bird community at three sites in the Okapi Reserve in the Ituri forest in Zaire are reported here. Two primary forest sites (one monodominant Gilbertiodendron forest) in the Reserve were compared with an area of forest disturbed by shifting cultivation. The two primary forest sites were more similar in species composition than they were to secondary forest created by shifting cultivation. Shifting cultivation had a more severe impact on the bird community than selective logging does in forests in Uganda and Malaysia. There was a shift following disturbance from a bird community dominated by insectivores to one with more frugivore-insectivores and nectarivores. Ground thrushes Zoothera spp. and flycatchers were abundant in the monodominant Gilbertiodendron forest and appear to suffer from the change in forest structure following disturbance. The Okapi Reserve currently conserves some important bird species and at least 333 birds have been reported to occur there.

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Conserving native trees increases native bird diversity and community composition on commercial office developments

Journal of Urban Ecology ◽

10.1093/jue/juaa033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karen Dyson

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Environmental Gradients ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Community ◽

Bird Communities ◽

Bird Diversity ◽

Bird Conservation ◽

Tree Protection ◽

Matrix Habitat ◽

Site Use

Abstract In cities, woody vegetation provides critical shelter, nesting and foraging habitat for bird species of interest. Human actions—including development and landscaping choices—determine vegetation community composition and structure, making these choices critically important to urban bird conservation. A better understanding of how bird communities are impacted by parcel-scale actions can help guide policy and management best practices to improve matrix habitat quality and quantity. Here, I examined how bird habitat use varies along a vegetation gradient created by different development and landscaping choices. I surveyed 20 commercial office developments near Seattle in the Puget Trough region of Washington, USA selected using stratified random sampling, where I quantified bird communities and observed feeding behavior. I used GLMM and PERMANOVA models with data likelihood metrics to identify the best supported variables for bird site use, along with TITAN models to identify changes in community composition along environmental gradients. I found that measures of bird effective species richness and bird community are positively influenced by the presence of more native conifers, including the presence of a stand predating development and the height and density of native conifers. Measures of the native bird community are negatively influenced by higher non-native tree density. In contrast to prior research, top-down landscape-scale variables did not explain variation in measures of the bird community on office developments. Importantly, I found that birds are associated with the same habitat on office developments as observed elsewhere. Together, my findings suggest an important role for developers, land owners, landscape architects, and tree protection policy in bird conservation.

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Birds surveyed in the harvested and unharvested areas of a reduced-impact logged forestry concession, located in the lowland subtropical humid forests of the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Check List ◽

10.15560/3.1.43 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adam Felton ◽

Bennett A. Hennessey ◽

Annika M. Felton ◽

David B. Lindenmayer

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Community ◽

Font Size ◽

Santa Cruz ◽

Wet Season ◽

Point Count ◽

Logging Effects ◽

Logged Forest ◽

Reduced Impact Logging

As part of a larger study of reduced-impact logging effects on bird community composition, we surveyed birds from December to February during the 2003-2004 wet-season within harvested and unharvested blocks of the La Chonta forestry concession, Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The logged forest was harvested using reducedimpact logging techniques between one and four years previously. During point count surveys, we identified 5062 individual birds, belonging to 155 species, and 33 families. We provide a list of bird species found within the harvested and unharvested blocks of the concession for the benefit of other researchers assessing the responses of Neotropical avifauna to disturbance, and to facilitate increased understanding of the diverse bird assemblages found within the lowland subtropical humid forests of Bolivia.

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Abundance and species composition of amphibians, small mammals, and songbirds in riparian forest buffer strips of varying widths in the boreal mixedwood of Alberta

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x02-092 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 1784-1800 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Susan J Hannon ◽

Cynthia A Paszkowski ◽

Stan Boutin ◽

Jordan DeGroot ◽

S Ellen Macdonald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Small Mammals ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Community ◽

Forest Harvesting ◽

Buffer Strips ◽

Bird Abundance ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Managed Landscapes

Forested buffer strips are left along water bodies after forest harvesting to protect water quality and fish stocks, but little is known about their utility as reserves for forest species in managed landscapes. We report on changes in terrestrial vertebrate communities from pre- to post-harvest in experimentally created buffer strips (20, 100, 200, and 800 m wide) in a boreal mixedwood forest in Alberta, Canada. We trapped anuran amphibians and small mammals and spot-mapped bird territories around 12 lakes (4 treatment levels, 3 replicates) before and after harvesting. Changes in small mammal or amphibian abundance were not detected for any treatment relative to controls; however, these species are habitat generalists that used and even bred in clearcuts. Total bird abundance did not change after harvesting, with the exception of crowding in 20-m buffers 1 year post-harvest. Species composition did not change for amphibians and small mammals after harvest, but forest-dependent bird species declined as buffer width narrowed from 200 to 100 m and narrower. We concluded that 20100 m buffers would not serve as reserves for forest songbirds in managed landscapes, but that 200 m wide strips conserved the pre-harvest passerine bird community, at least up to 3 years post-harvest.

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The Relative Importance of Human Disturbance, Environmental and Spatial Factors on the Community Composition of Wetland Birds

Water ◽

10.3390/w13233448 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 3448

Author(s):

Seid Tiku Mereta ◽

Pieter Lemmens ◽

Luc De Meester ◽

Peter L. M. Goethals ◽

Pieter Boets

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Human Disturbance ◽

Environmental Variables ◽

Variation Partitioning ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Community ◽

Minor Role ◽

Compositional Variation ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Spatial Factors

The present study investigates the relative importance of human disturbance, local environmental and spatial factors on variations in bird community composition in natural Ethiopian wetlands with high biodiversity conservation value. We quantified bird abundances, local environmental variables and human disturbances at 63 sites distributed over ten wetlands in two subsequent years. Variation partitioning analyses were used to explore the unique and shared contributions of human disturbance, local environmental variables and spatial factors on variations in community compositions of wetland bird species. Local environmental variables explained the largest amount of compositional variation of wetland bird species. Productivity-related variables were the most important local environmental variables determining bird community composition. Human disturbance was also an important determinant for wetland bird community composition and affected the investigated communities mainly indirectly through its effect on local environmental conditions. Spatial factors only played a minor role in variations in bird community composition. Our study highlights the urgent need for integrated management approaches that consider both nature conservation targets and socio-economic development of the region for the sustainable use and effective conservation of wetland resources.

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Role of Ficus spp. in the avifauna conservation of Jahangirnagar University campus

Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/jujbs.v3i2.28281 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Sameer Ranjan Mahanta ◽

Mohammed Mostafa Feeroz ◽

Md Kamrul Hasan

Keyword(s):

Bird Species ◽

Bird Community ◽

University Campus ◽

Ficus Benghalensis ◽

Common Myna ◽

The Mean

A study was conducted on Ficus species to evaluate its role in avifauna conservation Jahangirnagar University campus from December 2012 to September 2013. Ficus benghalensis and Ficus rumphii were found to provide food and shelter to the bird community of Jahangirnagar University throughout the year because of their asynchronous fruiting. A total of twenty four Ficus trees were selected for the study. Number of fruit providing trees varied in different months (? = 11.6, range = 4-22, sd ± 6.29). Twenty seven species of birds were recorded from Ficus spp. throughout the year. Dependency of bird species on Ficus varied in different months ( ? = 18.1, sd ± 2.42, range = 16-22). Common Myna was found to visit Ficus tree more frequently while Oriental White Eye was less frequent. The height of the studied Ficus benghalensis ranged from 17 45 feet with the mean ? = 26.67 ± 7.51 while Ficus rumphii ranged from 30-48 feet with the mean ? = 39.33 ± 9.0.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 3(2): 9-16, 2014 (December)

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Effects of field margins and other uncultivated fields on Orthoptera assemblages in the mountainous paddy field area of northeast Japan

Zoology and Ecology ◽

10.35513/21658005.2019.1.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 52-64

Author(s):

Masatoshi Takeuchi ◽

Teruaki Irie

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Community Composition ◽

Paddy Field ◽

Habitat Heterogeneity ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Field Margins ◽

The Impact

To understand how farmlands help maintain biodiversity, we investigated the relationship between habitat heterogeneity and Orthoptera community composition on multiple spatial scales. First, we determined the impact of 12 environmental variables on the Orthoptera community diversity by sampling 37 quadrats in uncultivated fields over a broad spatial scale. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) demonstrated that environmental parameters influenced species composition. The first two canonical axes were associated with forest cover, grass (including harvested dried grass in some cases), bare or paddy fields, and plants with tall stems. Secondly, we conducted a local-scale survey of Orthoptera assemblages in an operational farm unit consisting of paddy fields, fallow fields, marginal grass fields, and secondary forests. Eleven Orthoptera species (46%) were found exclusively on specific vegetation types. Thirdly, we carried out a habitat-scale survey to elucidate the correspondence between consecutive spatial changes in vegetation and Orthoptera community composition in a paddy field and surrounding marginal fields. Even within narrower ranges, the compositional habitat heterogeneity induced changes in the dominant Orthoptera species composition. These results indicate that a high degree of habitat segregation occurs among Orthoptera species in field margins and in uncultivated fields, and that farmland management significantly affects spatial distribution of Orthoptera.

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Bird Diversity and Community Composition in Kafta Sheraro National Park, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

International Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1155/2020/5016804 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Teklay Girmay ◽

Zeyede Teshome ◽

Tesfay Tesfamichael

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Species Composition ◽

National Park ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Bird Species ◽

Bird Community ◽

Livestock Grazing ◽

Bird Diversity ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Point Count

Birds are one of the most important components of biodiversity that has huge ecological, economical, and esthetic values. The main objective of this study was to assess diversity and species composition of bird community in Kafta Sheraro National Park, Northern Ethiopia. Data were collected from August 2017 to March 2018 in the national park. Point count method was employed to collect data on bird species diversity and species composition. Direct observations of birds and discussion with local people and scouts to assess potential threats of avifauna in the park were made. Shannon diversity index was used to calculate the species diversity. A total of 158 bird species belonging to 52 different families and 20 orders were identified. Of the recorded species, there were 76.6% residents, 15.8% Palaearctic migrants (PM), 5.7% Intra-African migrants (IM), and 1.9% partial migrants. Accipitiridae (11.4%) had the highest species followed by Columbidae, Estrilidae, and Ploceidae with 7%, 5.7%, and 4.4% species, respectively. The highest Shannon–Weiner diversity index (H′ = 4.50) was recorded during February while the lowest (H′ = 2.18) was recorded during March. Species richness of the park showed no significance difference among the study months (χ2 = 10.046, df = 5, P>0.05). Agricultural expansions, fire, livestock grazing, mining, and poaching were the major threats of the park bird species. Kafta Sheraro National Park is one of the areas with high avian composition in Ethiopia. In the park, wildlife watching in general and ornithological tourism in particular should be developed. Anthropogenic disturbances should also be minimized to conserve avian diversity of the park.

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