scholarly journals Avian congregation sites in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 17147-17152
Author(s):  
JIgar D. Joshi ◽  
Sandeep B. Munjpara ◽  
Kinjal Joshi ◽  
Harshad Salvi ◽  
R.D. Kamboj
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Gulf Of Kachchh ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Coastal Birds ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Migratory Waterbirds

he present study deals with the congregation of avifauna at various locations in Gulf of Kachchh (GoK), Gujarat, India.  The study was conducted between 2011 and 2014.  A total of 14 sites were identified in Gulf of Kachchh which had regular and remarkable congregation of mono-species or multi-species of waterbirds.  The observations were made through line transects and point count sampling methods.  The largest congregation sites were Bhaidar and Pirotan Islands with more than 5,000 individuals of waterbirds.  Khijadiya wetland was also recorded with a remarkable number of birds in the congregation, i.e., more than 4,000 individuals.  The identified congregation sites were found to be distributed throughout the southern part of GoK.  Such sites were intertidal areas, freshwater bodies, saltpans etc.  The bird congregations comprised resident and migratory waterbirds and coastal birds.

scholarly journals Spesies Burung pada Beberapa Tipe Habitat di Kecamatan Lhoknga Kabupaten Aceh Besar

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Samsul Kamal ◽  
Elita Agustina ◽  
Zahratur Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Count Method ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Point Count Method

Lhoknga subdistrict is an area that has a habitat for many species of fauna, including birds. References about species of birds in some habitats are still very limited. Therefore, it is necessary to make a research on bird species in several types of habitat in the district of Lhoknga. The aim of the research is to figure out birds species in several types of habitats in the Lhoknga subdistrict. The data were collected by using the point count method and line transects. The results showed that there were 39 species of birds from 21 families found in Lhoknga district. Based on the PP. No. 07 of 1999, it was found that there were 14 species of protected birds in Lhoknga subdistrict.

scholarly journals How many fish? Comparison of two underwater visual sampling methods for monitoring fish communities

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoi Thanopoulou ◽  
Maria Sini ◽  
Konstantinos Vatikiotis ◽  
Christos Katsoupis ◽  
Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Line Transects

Background Underwater visual surveys (UVSs) for monitoring fish communities are preferred over fishing surveys in certain habitats, such as rocky or coral reefs and seagrass beds and are the standard monitoring tool in many cases, especially in protected areas. However, despite their wide application there are potential biases, mainly due to imperfect detectability and the behavioral responses of fish to the observers. Methods The performance of two methods of UVSs were compared to test whether they give similar results in terms of fish population density, occupancy, species richness, and community composition. Distance sampling (line transects) and plot sampling (strip transects) were conducted at 31 rocky reef sites in the Aegean Sea (Greece) using SCUBA diving. Results Line transects generated significantly higher values of occupancy, species richness, and total fish density compared to strip transects. For most species, density estimates differed significantly between the two sampling methods. For secretive species and species avoiding the observers, the line transect method yielded higher estimates, as it accounted for imperfect detectability and utilized a larger survey area compared to the strip transect method. On the other hand, large-scale spatial patterns of species composition were similar for both methods. Discussion Overall, both methods presented a number of advantages and limitations, which should be considered in survey design. Line transects appear to be more suitable for surveying secretive species, while strip transects should be preferred at high fish densities and for species of high mobility.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung Di Lahan Basah Way Pegadungan Desa Rajawali Kecamatan Bandar Surabaya Kabupaten Lampung Tengah

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Badia Roy Ricardo Nababan ◽  
Agus Setiawan ◽  
Nuning Nurcahyani
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Key Words Birds ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Point Count Method ◽  
Riparian Communities

ABSTRACT Way Pegadungan wetlands is a wetland closure difference between the two riparian communities. One of the wetlands is converted into paddies fields, while the other is a natural wetland which are still overgrown with trees. To determine diversity differences in bird species between two wetlands research communities, the point count method (IPA) and line transects were used. Observations made by the stationary point count and record the birds found. Each community was taken 6 points count and observed for 3 days. Research encountered 41 species of birds included in the 17 families with a total of 796 individual in paddies fields and 46 birds species with total of 655 individuals from 17 families of individuals in natural wetlands. Natural wetlands diversity index was 3.44 with equality index of 0.90, this value is higher than the wetlands changed into paddies fields with a diversity index of 2.91, and in a stable condition with equality index of 0.78. Both wetlands communities have the same identical species approach (IS = 1) with a similarity index of 0.73. Key words: birds, diversity, wetlands, Way Pegadungan 

scholarly journals Correlates of hornbill distribution and abundance in rainforest fragments in the southern Western Ghats, India

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Shankar Raman ◽  
Divya Mudappa
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Tree Species Richness ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
Line Transects

The distribution and abundance patterns of Malabar Grey Hornbill Ocyceros griseus and Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis were studied in one undisturbed and one heavily altered rainforest landscape in the southern Western Ghats, India. The Agasthyamalai hills (Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, KMTR) contained over 400 km2 of continuous rainforest, whereas the Anamalai hills (now Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, IGWS) contained fragments of rainforest in a matrix of tea and coffee plantations. A comparison of point-count and line transect census techniques for Malabar Grey Hornbill at one site indicated much higher density estimates in point-counts (118.4/km2) than in line transects (51.5/km2), probably due to cumulative count over time in the former technique. Although line transects appeared more suitable for long-term monitoring of hornbill populations, point-counts may be useful for large-scale surveys, especially where forests are fragmented and terrain is unsuitable for line transects. A standard fixed radius point-count method was used to sample different altitude zones (600–1,500 m) in the undisturbed site (342 point-counts) and fragments ranging in size from 0.5 to 2,500 ha in the Anamalais (389 point-counts). In the fragmented landscape, Malabar Grey Hornbill was found in higher altitudes than in KMTR, extending to nearly all the disturbed fragments at mid-elevations (1,000–1,200 m). Great Hornbill persisted in the fragmented landscape using all three large fragments (> 200 ha). It was also recorded in four of five medium-sized fragments (25–200 ha) and one of five small fragments (< 25 ha), which was adjacent to shade coffee plantations. Abundance of Malabar Grey Hornbill declined with altitude and increased with food-tree species richness. Great Hornbill abundance increased with food-tree species richness, suggesting that maintenance of high diversity of hornbill food species in fragments is important for their persistence. It is likely that the smaller and less specialized Malabar Grey Hornbill will survive in disturbed and fragmented forest landscapes, while Great Hornbill is more vulnerable to habitat alteration. Protection and restoration of rainforest fragments and food-tree resources, besides protection of existing large fragments, will aid the conservation of hornbills in the region.

scholarly journals Assessment of Avifaunal Diversity and Threats to them in Phewa Wetland, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Namrata Devi Khatri ◽  
Bijaya Neupane ◽  
Yajna Prasad Timilsina ◽  
Suman Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Wetland Birds ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Water Disposal

We assessed species diversity and relative abundance during February - March by employing transect method in four line transects and 30 point count stations, and associated threats by direct observations and consultation with people (n= 1) living in vicinity of Phewa wetland. We counted 2651 bird individuals of 148 species belonging to 104 Genera of 44 Families under 11 Orders. Anatidae and Passeriformes with 11% and 39%, respectively were the dominant family and order among the recorded species. Out of these, seven bird species were globally threatened and 12 were nationally threatened. Terrestrial birds had higher species diversity (H'= 3.27), species richness (R= 11.98) and species evenness (e= 0.74) as compared to wetland birds (H' = 3.07, R= 8.44 and e = 0.73). Common pigeon (7.50%) was the most abundant bird followed by lesser whistling duck (6.98%). People in the vicinity of Phewa wetland reported that water pollution caused by domestic sewages and waste water disposal was the major threat to birds and their habitat. Phewa wetland is providing crucial habitat to adequate residential and migratory bird species for which it should be protected for further enhancement of number of avian species.

scholarly journals Mammal inventories in Seasonal Neotropical Forests: traditional approaches still compensate drawbacks of modern technologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Carvalho ◽  
Luís M. Rosalino ◽  
Cristina H. Adania ◽  
Carlos E. L. Esbérard
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Line Transects

ABSTRACT Variation in body size, behavior, feeding habits and habitat use patterns in medium- and large-sized mammals influence the adequacy of sampling methods to register presence and abundance. Moreover, even if methods are similarly adequate, different methodologies result in distinct cost-efficiency relationships (i.e. some may have reduced costs, be less time-consuming and/or require less-skilled technicians). Focusing on three different sampling methods commonly used to monitor medium and large mammals in seasonal tropical forests, we compared the species richness detected by each method and quantified their cost-efficiencies: (1) camera traps; (2) line transects for direct observations of animals; and (3) line transects seeking tracks/footprints. We simultaneously monitored medium and large mammals along five trails between July and August 2009 and January and February 2010, in the Serra do Japi Biological Reserve, São Paulo, Brazil. Data from two distinct seasons demonstrated that significantly higher species richness was achieved by using signs of presence and direct observations detected in transects. Camera traps recorded the fewest species, but represented the lowest cost per species. Direct observations and searches for tracks/footprints required a greater number of field technicians (with more skill and experience) to record the focal species and therefore have a higher cost, but allowed twice as many species to be recorded compared to camera traps. The choice of sampling methodology depends on the study objective, mammal species targeted and/or amount of resources available. We advocate use of camera traps for long-term studies and in conjunction with the other two methods to improve identification accuracy, allow individual identification and permit more accurate abundance estimates.

scholarly journals A Seven-Year Comparison of Relative-Abundance and Distance-Sampling Methods

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell E. Norvell ◽  
Frank P. Howe ◽  
Jimmie R. Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Yellow Warbler ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Riparian Birds ◽  
Bullock’S Oriole

AbstractWe used data from statewide surveys of riparian birds in Utah, 1992–1998, to compare relative-abundance and distance-sampling methods. By generating relative-abundance indices with point-count methods and density with point-transect sampling methods, we examined whether the assumptions underlying each method were met during field surveys for four bird species (Brown-headed Cowbird [Molothrus ater], Bullock's Oriole [Icterus bullockii], Warbling Vireo [Vireo gilvus], and Yellow Warbler [Dendroica petechia]). Point-count methods failed to reasonably meet the fundamental assumption of constant proportionality, with estimated detectability varying 3- to 5-fold despite the use of widely accepted and well-standardized methods. Population trends based on relative abundance were subsequently unstable, often varying in both magnitude and direction with the survey plot radius used (25 m, 50 m, or unlimited distance). Distance-sampling methods appeared to meet critical assumptions, were robust to assumption violations, allowed methodological self-assessment, and were demonstrably efficient in a large-scale, multispecies survey setting. Our data show surveys of birds without estimations of detectability are likely biased because the assumption of constant proportionality is violated to a degree that precludes strict inference and may confound trend analyses.

Going Beyond 3-D Imaging: Automated 3-D Montaged image Analysis of Cytological Specimens

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
Badrinath Roysam ◽  
Hakan Ancin ◽  
Douglas E. Becker ◽  
Robert W. Mackin ◽  
Matthew M. Chestnut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Tissue Organization

This paper summarizes recent advances made by this group in the automated three-dimensional (3-D) image analysis of cytological specimens that are much thicker than the depth of field, and much wider than the field of view of the microscope. The imaging of thick samples is motivated by the need to sample large volumes of tissue rapidly, make more accurate measurements than possible with 2-D sampling, and also to perform analysis in a manner that preserves the relative locations and 3-D structures of the cells. The motivation to study specimens much wider than the field of view arises when measurements and insights at the tissue, rather than the cell level are needed.The term “analysis” indicates a activities ranging from cell counting, neuron tracing, cell morphometry, measurement of tracers, through characterization of large populations of cells with regard to higher-level tissue organization by detecting patterns such as 3-D spatial clustering, the presence of subpopulations, and their relationships to each other. Of even more interest are changes in these parameters as a function of development, and as a reaction to external stimuli. There is a widespread need to measure structural changes in tissue caused by toxins, physiologic states, biochemicals, aging, development, and electrochemical or physical stimuli. These agents could affect the number of cells per unit volume of tissue, cell volume and shape, and cause structural changes in individual cells, inter-connections, or subtle changes in higher-level tissue architecture. It is important to process large intact volumes of tissue to achieve adequate sampling and sensitivity to subtle changes. It is desirable to perform such studies rapidly, with utmost automation, and at minimal cost. Automated 3-D image analysis methods offer unique advantages and opportunities, without making simplifying assumptions of tissue uniformity, unlike random sampling methods such as stereology.12 Although stereological methods are known to be statistically unbiased, they may not be statistically efficient. Another disadvantage of sampling methods is the lack of full visual confirmation - an attractive feature of image analysis based methods.

Pengaruh Tekanan Waktu, Locus Of Control , Tindakan Supervisi, Dan Materialitas Terhadap Penghentian Prematur Atas Prosedur Audit Studi Kasus Pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Sulastiningsih Sulastiningsih ◽  
Intan Ayu Candra
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Premature Termination ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Public Accountant

The purpose of this study is to prove: (1) Time pressure, locus of control, the action of supervision and materiality partially affect the premature termination of the audit procedures (2) Time pressure, locus of control, supervision and materiality simultaneously affect the premature termination on the audit procedures. This research was conducted in Public Accountant firm in Yogyakarta region of which total 12 samples of KAP, by distributing 105 questionnaires, and 57 questionnaires were returned (54%). 34 of the returned questionnaires can be processed (34%). The samples in this study were determined by using non-probability sampling, one of purposive sampling methods. Data analysis consisted of: (1) validity test, reliability test and classical assumption. The result showed that the instruments used are quite reliable and valid (2) multiple linear regression analysis. The results are (a) Some of independent variables partially affect premature termination of the audit procedure, while the action of supervision does not influence premature termination of audit procedures (b) All independent variables influence simultaneously to the premature termination of the audit procedures (c) All independent variables showed that as much as 55% it affects on premature termination of the audit procedures, the rest of it are influenced by other variables. (3) Friedman Test. The result shows that there are order of priority of audit procedures being terminated.

72. Evaluation of Different Sampling Methods for Determining Dust Lead Loading on Residential Carpet Surfaces

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Bai ◽  
J. Zhang ◽  
G. Rhoads ◽  
P. Lioy ◽  
S. Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods
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