REASONS OF USING ARABIZI AMONG ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDENTS IN JORDAN

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons for utilizing Arabizi among students at Jadara and Yarmouk Universities, as well as the prevalent motivations for switching for each reason. For the academic year 2019/2020, this quantitative study includes students studying English language and translation at two institutions, Yarmouk and Jadara. The participants in this study were picked at random from Jadara and Yarmouk Universities in the Irbid governorate. This study's data comes from a questionnaire that was given to 283 students of both genders (male and female). The researchers used Standard Deviations, percentages, means, frequencies, statistical figures, and the Friedman test to answer the study's research question. The findings revealed that there are numerous explanations for this. It is used by the participants as a prestigious language, as well as an easy way to write and appear more westernized. Code switching has three motivations: communication, intellectual, and solidarity. Because this study was limited to the governorate of Irbid, which is located in northern Jordan, there is a need to investigate the reasons in other Jordanian geographic locations.

Assessment of health-related quality of life in hypertensive hemodialysis patients

Background and Objectives Globally, the prevalence of hypertension (HTN) with the coexistence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing, resulting in poor quality of life. The main objective of the study was to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of hypertensive hemodialysis patients. Methods A multicenter follow-up study was carried out in six public and two private dialysis centers in Pakistan. A total of 517 hypertensive hemodialysis patients responded by completing the questionnaire at baseline and two subsequent phases. The quality of life of these patients was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire (a standardized instrument for measuring generic health status). Statistical analysis was done using a multivariate linear regression model, Friedman test and Kruskal Wallis test. Results The majority of patients (58.2%) had normal body mass index and about 60.5% of the patients were taking less salt due to HTN. Friedman test gave the statistically significant results (p ≤ 0.001) in systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP and EQ-5D visual analogue scale (VAS) score between three phases (initial visit, first follow-up and second follow-up). A significant improvement was observed in self-care and usual activities from initial visit to first follow-up (p < 0.05). The most problematic dimension among the hypertensive patients with CKD was pain/discomfort (86.5%). Conclusions HTN with coexisting CKD in hemodialysis patients severely affected HRQoL. Pain/discomfort was the most problematic dimension among the participants.

Pelatihan Prophetic Parenting untuk Menurunkan Stres Pengasuhan pada Ibu dengan Anak Disabilitas Tunanetra

<p align="center">ABSTRACT</p><p>This study aims to determine the effect of prophetic parenting training in reducing parenting stress in mothers with children with disabilities. This study involved 7 mothers of children with disability that had parenting stress from the moderate to very high parental stress scores. The seven mothers were divided into two groups, 3 in the experimental group and 4 in the control one. Prophetic parenting training was carried out four times within a two-hour session. Parenting stress was measured using the parenting stress scale from Abidin (Ahern, 2004) adapted by Kurniawan (2012) with a total of 36 items and coefficient α=0.82. Pretest were done before training, posttest 1 was done after training, and posttest 2 was done two weeks after training. The result analysis of friedman test showed that score of p=0.043 (p&lt;0.05). Mann whitney test showed that the measurement of posttes 1 with the score of p=0.054 (p&gt;0.05) and postest 2 with the score of p=0.017 (p&lt;0.05). Hence, it be concluded that the prophetic parenting training has brought the significant effect on the reduction of parenting stress among mothers with the child with disabilities (blind) after getting the time to practice prophetic parenting. The qualitative analisys also supported the result by showing a positive change experienced by each subject in the emotional, behavioral, and spiritual aspect.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: prophetic parenting training, parenting stress, chld with disability (blind)</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK </strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelatihan <em>prophetic parenting </em>dalam menurunkan stres pengasuhan pada ibu dengan anak disabilitas (tunanetra) Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 7 ibu dari anak disabilitas tunanetra yang memiliki skor stres pengasuhan dengan kategori sedang hingga sangat tinggi. Tujuh subjek terbagi pada dua kelompok yakni 3 orang kelompok eksperimen dan 4 orang kelompok kontrol. Pelatihan <em>prophetic parenting </em>dilakukan sebanyak empat kali pertemuan. Stres pengasuhan diukur menggunakan skala stres pengasuhan dari Abidin yang diadaptasi oleh Kurniawan dengan jumlah aitem sebanyak 36 aitem dengan koefisien α=0.82. Prates dilakukan sebelum pelatihan, pascates 1 dilakukan setelah pelatihan, dan pascates 2 dilakukan dua minggu setelah pelatihan. <em>Friedman test</em> menghasilkan signifikansi sebesar p=0.043 (p&lt;0.05). Uji <em>mann whitney</em> menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran pascates 1 memiliki nilai p=0.054 (p&gt;0.05) dan pascates 2 memiliki nilai p=0.017 (p&lt;0.05). Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan <em>prophetic parenting </em>memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penurunan stres pengasuhan pada ibu dengan anak disabilitas (tunanetra) setelah mendapatkan waktu untuk mempraktikkan <em>prophetic parenting</em>. Hal tersebut didukung oleh analisis kualitatif yang menunjukkan adanya perubahan positif yang dialami subjek kelompok eksperimen dalam aspek emosi, kognitif, perilaku, dan spiritual.</p><p> </p>Kata kunci: pelatihan <em>prophetic parenting</em>, stres pengasuhan, anak disabilitas (tunanetra)

Experience in the implementation of the programme of psychological correction of emotional states of disabled convicts

The article presents the results of the verification of the programme of psychological correction of the emotional states of disabled convicts, developed on the basis of a “time” approach and including three main blocks “Past”, “Present” and “Future”. The study involved 68 convicts serving sentences in a maximum security correctional colony (20 people with a disability group and 48 people without a disability). Evaluation of emotional states was carried out using the following methods – TOBOL (Lyudvig Vasserman, Aleksandr Vuks, Boris Iovlev, El'vira Karpova), State-Trate Anxiety Inventory by Charles Spielberger (in Juri Hanin's adaptation), Differential Emotions Scale by Carroll Ellis Izard, the questionnaires of the need for achievement for communication (by Yuri Orlov), the test of frustration reactions (by Saul Rosenzweig).The dynamics of changes in emotional states during the psychocorrectional programme was assessed using the SHPANA technique (Yevgeniy Osin). Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Friedman test, cluster analysis were used for statistical analysis. The results of the verification indicate the effectiveness of the psychological correction programme based on the “time” approach, with disabled convicts serving sentences in a correctional colony. The participants in the experimental group showed positive changes in the dynamics of positive affect. The data also substantiated the need to use an individually differentiated approach in correcting the emotional states of persons with a disability group.

Influence of environmental enrichment on the rehabilitation of white-eyed parakeet (Psittacara leucophthalmus)

The use of sensory, physical, cognitive, and alimentary stimuli are varieties of environmental enrichment used to minimize stress caused by the monotonous captive environment. The objective of this study was to verify the impact of environmental enrichment in escape-related behavioral stereotypies. Thirty birds of the species Psittacara leucophthalmus were observed from March to September 2016, received at the Wild Animal Recovery and Screening Center of the São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of the Veterinary Medicine campus Araçatuba. The methodology used for the behavioral observations was the focal animal with observation through filming were made by 18 hours per bird for three consecutive days, while physical, cognitive, food, and sensory enrichment methods were applied, and the assessment was carried out before, during, and after the application of environmental enrichment. The data were analyzed by the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality and by the Friedman test, which showed no significant difference (p >0.05) before, during, and after environmental enrichment. Despite the statistical analyses, the perception of the bird’s welfare improving was visually clear.

Alkaline phosphatase interference in immuno-enzymatic assays.

Background: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes are widely used as signal amplifiers in immunoenzymatic methods. Conditions that cause ALP elevations, such as bone or liver diseases can cause interference in immunoenzymatic methods. Objective: We aimed to examine ALP's effect on immunoenzymatic assay by adding isolated pure ALP to the prepared serum pool. Material and Methods: We prepared a serum pool and divided into 4 groups. By adding isolated pure ALP at different concentrations to each group, we obtained sample groups containing ALP enzyme at concentrations of 85 U/L, 340 U/L, 870 U/L and 1570 U/L. In each group, 20-repetition of βhCG, Ferritin, FT4, TSH, Troponin I and Vit B12 tests were performed. Coefficient of variation, bias, and total error were calculated. All groups were compared by using Friedman test for paired samples. Result: After ALP addition, the calculated total error values of FT4, βhCG and troponin I tests were found to be above the acceptable error limits. There were statistically significant differences in βhCG ,FT4, troponin I and Vit B12 tests when compared to the baseline ALP level (P<0,0125).Conclusion: Isolated ALP elevations can be a source of interference for immunoenzymatic methods.KeywordsAlkaline phosphatase, ALP, bias, immunoenzymatic, total error

An Improved Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithm with Adaptation Mechanism to Solve Numerical and Mechanical Engineering Problems

Moth-flame optimization (MFO) algorithm inspired by the transverse orientation of moths toward the light source is an effective approach to solve global optimization problems. However, the MFO algorithm suffers from issues such as premature convergence, low population diversity, local optima entrapment, and imbalance between exploration and exploitation. In this study, therefore, an improved moth-flame optimization (I-MFO) algorithm is proposed to cope with canonical MFO’s issues by locating trapped moths in local optimum via defining memory for each moth. The trapped moths tend to escape from the local optima by taking advantage of the adapted wandering around search (AWAS) strategy. The efficiency of the proposed I-MFO is evaluated by CEC 2018 benchmark functions and compared against other well-known metaheuristic algorithms. Moreover, the obtained results are statistically analyzed by the Friedman test on 30, 50, and 100 dimensions. Finally, the ability of the I-MFO algorithm to find the best optimal solutions for mechanical engineering problems is evaluated with three problems from the latest test-suite CEC 2020. The experimental and statistical results demonstrate that the proposed I-MFO is significantly superior to the contender algorithms and it successfully upgrades the shortcomings of the canonical MFO.

Motorized 2-3 Wheelers Death Rates Over a Decade: A Global Study

Background: Motorized 2-3 wheelers-related death are high due to the exposed body of the driver/passenger and the high speed. The United Nation (UN) Decade of Action for road safety aimed to reduce road traffic deaths by 50% by the year 2020. We aimed to study the factors affecting the death rates of motorized 2-3 wheelers injuried victims and whether the reduction of the death rates has met the UN target.Methods: Data were retrieved from the WHO Global Status Reports on Road Safety published over 2009 to 2018 which covered the years of 2007 to 2016. Studied variables included motorized 2-3 wheelers death rates, percentage of helmet-wearing rate, helmet law enforcement, speed law enforcement, gross national income per capita, vehicles/person ratio, motorized 2-3 wheelers/person ratio. A mixed linear model was used to define factors affecting the change of motorized 2-3 wheelers death rates over time.Results: Global mortality rates of motorized 2-3 wheelers increased by 6.5% over 10 years which was not statistically significant. Factors that affected mortality included GNI (p=0.025), motorized 2-3 wheelers per person ratio (p < 0.0001), percentage of helmet wearing rate (p=0.046), and the interaction between vehicle/person ratio and motorized 2-3 wheelers/person ratio (p=0.016). There was a significant increase in the death rates over time in the low-income countries (170.2 %, p=0.019, Friedman test), and middle-income countries (56.1 %, p < 0.0001, Friedman test), compared with a significant decrease in the high-income countries (17.8 %, p < 0.0001, Friedman test). Conclusions: Global mortality of motorized 2-3 wheelers has increased by 6.5% over a recent decade. The UN target of reducing death was not met. The increase was related to the increase of motorized 2-3 wheelers per person ratio and economic inequiety which has to be addressed globally. The economic global gap significantly impacts the mortality rates of motorized 2-3 wheelers.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Cairan (Susu UHT, Santan Segar, dan Santan Instan) pada Pembuatan Macaroni Schotel Terhadap Daya Terima Konsumen

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of the usage of liquid (UHT milk, fresh coconut milk, and instant coconut milk) on Macaroni Schotel on consumer acceptance based on aspects of color, taste, aroma, and texture. This research was conducted at the Pastry and Bakery Laboratory of Food & Nutrition Program, State University of Jakarta. When the study began in October 2019 until March 2020. The method used was an experimental method. The sample in this study was a Macaroni Schotel with the usage of 400ml liquid (UHT milk, fresh coconut milk, and instant coconut milk) tested on 30 untrained panelists who assessed all aspects. Based on the results of hypothesis analysis using the Friedman test on aspects of color, taste, and texture showed the effect of the usage of liquid (UHT milk, fresh coconut milk, and instant coconut milk) to the making of Macaroni Schotel does not have a signficant effect on consumer’s acceptance so the formula for using the coconut milk must be tested again to gain better results.

B-MFO: A Binary Moth-Flame Optimization for Feature Selection from Medical Datasets

Advancements in medical technology have created numerous large datasets including many features. Usually, all captured features are not necessary, and there are redundant and irrelevant features, which reduce the performance of algorithms. To tackle this challenge, many metaheuristic algorithms are used to select effective features. However, most of them are not effective and scalable enough to select effective features from large medical datasets as well as small ones. Therefore, in this paper, a binary moth-flame optimization (B-MFO) is proposed to select effective features from small and large medical datasets. Three categories of B-MFO were developed using S-shaped, V-shaped, and U-shaped transfer functions to convert the canonical MFO from continuous to binary. These categories of B-MFO were evaluated on seven medical datasets and the results were compared with four well-known binary metaheuristic optimization algorithms: BPSO, bGWO, BDA, and BSSA. In addition, the convergence behavior of the B-MFO and comparative algorithms were assessed, and the results were statistically analyzed using the Friedman test. The experimental results demonstrate a superior performance of B-MFO in solving the feature selection problem for different medical datasets compared to other comparative algorithms.