Abstract 204: Brilliant Blue FCF is an Alternative Vein Marking Dye That Restores Functional Viability in Human Saphenous Vien Graft

Objective The human saphenous vein (HSV) is the most effective conduit for infrainguinal peripheral bypass grafting. Optimal vein graft preparation is critical to vein graft patency. Graft marking using surgical skin markers is detrimental to endothelial and smooth muscle function of the graft. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of FD&C Brilliant Blue No. 1 (FCF) as an alternative for vein graft marking. Methods Segments of HSV were collected after typical harvest and graft preparation. The tissues were cut into rings and either left unmarked or marked with FCF (2.6 mM). The functional viability of the rings was determined in a muscle bath. Results Marking with FCF did not impair contractility of the smooth muscle (Figure 1A). Contractility was restored in HSV segments that had no functional contractile responses after harvest and preparation (Figure 1B). To determine the mechanism of this protective effect of FCF, purinergic receptors were activated with BzATP with and without pre-incubation with FCF (50μM) or a purinergic receptor antagonist (oATP, control) and the rise in [Ca 2+ ] i was measured. FCF and oATP reduced the BZATP-evoked rise in [Ca 2+ ] i (Figure 1C), suggesting that the salutary effects of FCF were due to inhibition of a P2X or P2Y receptor. Conclusions FCF is a non-toxic alternative to surgical skin markers that antagonizes purinergic receptors in HSV. FCF restored functional viability to injured vascular smooth muscle. FCF may protect HSV against injury-elicited ‘danger’ signals such as extracellular ATP that is released during injury-induced preparation.

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Brilliant blue FCF is a nontoxic dye for saphenous vein graft marking that abrogates response to injury

Journal of Vascular Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jvs.2014.12.059 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 210-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kyle M. Hocking ◽

Weifeng Luo ◽

Fan Dong Li ◽

Padmini Komalavilas ◽

Colleen Brophy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saphenous Vein ◽

Vein Graft ◽

Saphenous Vein Graft ◽

Brilliant Blue ◽

Brilliant Blue Fcf

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N-Acetylcysteine Does Not Improve the Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Function in the Human Saphenous Vein

Vascular and Endovascular Surgery ◽

10.1177/1538574407299618 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 239-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Muhammad Anees Sharif ◽

Ulvi Bayraktutan ◽

Ian Stuart Young ◽

Chee Voon Soong

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Saphenous Vein ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽

Organ Bath ◽

Human Saphenous Vein ◽

Vein Segment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Smooth Muscle Function

Oxidative stress can lead to vein graft dysfunction in the saphenous vein. This ex vivo study is aimed to compare the effects of increasing concentrations of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) with heparinized saline (HS) on endothelial and smooth muscle function in the human saphenous vein. Long saphenous vein segment obtained during infrainguinal bypass surgery was divided into 7 rings; 1 immersed in HS and the remaining 6 in increasing NAC concentrations (0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04%). Rings were mounted in an organ bath, and relaxant responses to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were assessed through isometric tension studies. Endothelium-dependent relaxations were observed in 77 vein segments from 11 patients. No significant difference was seen in veins treated with either lower NAC concentrations (0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03%) or HS. However, HS-treated veins showed significantly better relaxation compared to those treated with maximum (0.04%) NAC ( P < .05). Endothelium-independent relaxations were observed in 91 segments from 13 patients. No difference in relaxation was observed between veins treated with HS or any of the NAC concentrations. In conclusion, lower NAC concentrations do not offer better endothelial protection than HS, whereas the highest NAC concentration has a detrimental effect on endothelium-dependent relaxation. Moreover, NAC did not show beneficial effect on direct smooth muscle relaxation.

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PS206. “Back-Table” Manipulation of Human Saphenous Vein Significantly Impairs Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Function

Journal of Vascular Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jvs.2011.03.160 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 83S

Author(s):

Michael J. Osgood ◽

Kyle M. Hocking ◽

Kevin W. Sexton ◽

Padmini Komalavilas ◽

Joyce Cheung-Flynn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Saphenous Vein ◽

Muscle Function ◽

Human Saphenous Vein ◽

Smooth Muscle Function

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Contribution of Nitric Oxide Synthase to Improved Early Graft Patency in Human Saphenous Vein Graft Harvested by a Novel ‘No‐Touch’ Technique

Journal of Cardiac Surgery ◽

10.1046/j.1540-8191.2002.01014_2.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 560-560

Author(s):

JCS Tsui ◽

D Souza ◽

D Filbey ◽

MR Dashwood

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽

Saphenous Vein ◽

Vein Graft ◽

Saphenous Vein Graft ◽

Graft Patency ◽

Human Saphenous Vein ◽

Early Graft ◽

Oxide Synthase

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Use of Brilliant Blue FCF during vein graft preparation inhibits intimal hyperplasia

Journal of Vascular Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.jvs.2015.02.028 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 471-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Michael J. Osgood ◽

Kevin Sexton ◽

Igor Voskresensky ◽

Kyle Hocking ◽

Jun Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intimal Hyperplasia ◽

Vein Graft ◽

Brilliant Blue ◽

Brilliant Blue Fcf

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Brilliant Blue FCF as an Alternative Dye for Saphenous Vein Graft Marking

JAMA Surgery ◽

10.1001/jamasurg.2014.2029 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 149 (11) ◽

pp. 1176 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Igor V. Voskresensky ◽

Eric S. Wise ◽

Kyle M. Hocking ◽

Fan Dong Li ◽

Michael J. Osgood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saphenous Vein ◽

Vein Graft ◽

Saphenous Vein Graft ◽

Brilliant Blue ◽

Brilliant Blue Fcf

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Oral Anticoagulation in the Prevention of One-Year Vein Graft Occlusion after Aortocoronary Bypass Surgery: Optimal Therapeutic Range and Practical Limitations

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1648941 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (05) ◽

pp. 676-681 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J van der Meer ◽

H L Hillege ◽

P H J M Dunselman ◽

B J M Mulder ◽

H R Michels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Major Bleeding ◽

Oral Anticoagulation ◽

Vein Graft ◽

Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽

Coronary Bypass ◽

Graft Patency ◽

Graft Occlusion ◽

Coronary Bypass Grafts ◽

One Year

SummaryTo assess the optimal level of oral anticoagulation to prevent occlusion of vein coronary bypass grafts, 318 patients from a graft patency trial were analysed retrospectively. Oral anticoagulant therapy was started one day before surgery and continued for one year, after which graft occlusion was assessed by angiography. The aimed level of anticoagulation was 2.8-1.8 International Normalized Ratio (INR). Clinical outcome was assessed by the incidence of myocardial infarction, thrombosis and major bleeding.The observed anticoagulation level was 2.8-4.8 INR for 54%, and 1.8-3.8 INR for 75% of time per patient. Occlusion rates in patients who spent <35, 35-70, and ≥70% of time within INR range 2.8-1.8 were 10.5%, 10.8% and 11.8%, respectively (differences not statistically significant). Patients who spent ≥70% of time within INR range 1.8-3.8 versus 2.8-4.8 showed comparable occlusion rates. The risk of graft occlusion was not related to quality of anticoagulation early (0-3 months) or late (3-12 months) after surgery. Myocardial infarction, thrombosis and major bleeding occurred in 1.3%, 2.0% and 2.9% of patients.To maintain vein graft patency in the first postoperative year by oral anticoagulation, a level within INR range 1.8-3.8 for ≥70% of time seems to be sufficient.

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Effect of Evolocumab on Saphenous Vein Graft Patency Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct03900026 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass ◽

Saphenous Vein ◽

Vein Graft ◽

Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery ◽

Bypass Surgery ◽

Saphenous Vein Graft ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Graft Patency

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Increased susceptibility of purinergic receptor-deficient mice to lung infection withPseudomonasaeruginosa

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00428.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 289 (5) ◽

pp. L890-L895 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Cara Geary ◽

Henry Akinbi ◽

Tom Korfhagen ◽

Jean-Etienne Fabre ◽

Richard Boucher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽

Purinergic Receptors ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Purinergic Receptor ◽

Intratracheal Instillation ◽

Lavage Fluid ◽

Sublethal Dose ◽

Wild Type ◽

Double Knockout

Purinergic receptors are expressed throughout the respiratory system in diverse cell types. The efficiency of mucus clearance in the airways, the cascade leading to tissue injury, and inflammation are modulated by autocrine/paracrine release of nucleotides and signaling by purinergic receptors. We assessed the role of purinergic receptors in innate host defense of the lung in vivo by infecting mice deficient in P2Y1, P2Y2, or both receptors with intratracheal instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After P. aeruginosa challenge, all double knockout (P2Y1/P2Y2−/−) mice succumbed within 30 h of challenge, whereas 85% of the wild-type mice survived. Thirty-three percent of wild-type mice survived beyond 96 h. Single knockout mice, P2Y1−/−, or P2Y2−/−, exhibited intermediate survivals. Twenty-four hours following intratracheal instillation of a sublethal dose of P. aeruginosa, the level of total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 1.8-fold higher in double knockout than in wild-type mice ( P < 0.04). Total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids at 4 h and levels of IL-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in lung homogenates at 24 h postchallenge were significantly reduced in P2Y1/P2Y2−/− mice relative to wild-type mice. These findings suggest that purinergic receptors exert a protective role against infection of the lungs by P. aeruginosa by decreasing protein leak and enhancing proinflammatory cytokine response.

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