Abstract MP29: Chronotype is Associated With Diet Quality and Energy Intake, and Dietary Energy Density Mediates a Relation of Chronotype With Cardiovascular Health in a Diverse Sample of US Women

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris M Zuraikat ◽  
Nour Makarem ◽  
Marie-Pierre St-Onge ◽  
MING LIAO ◽  
Hedda L Boege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Dietary Energy Density ◽  
Food Consumed

Background: An individual’s chronotype, the innate preference for the timing of behaviors such as eating and sleeping, has been linked to various health outcomes. Indeed, we recently demonstrated that evening chronotype was related to poorer cardiovascular health (CVH) in US women. However, the associations of chronotype with specific health behaviors are not well characterized in this population. This is particularly true for diet, the CVH metric for which recommendations are least likely to be met. Therefore, the current study examined the association of chronotype with diet and the role of diet in the chronotype-CVH relation in a diverse sample of women. Hypotheses: Evening chronotype will be associated with higher energy intake and poorer diet quality, including higher dietary energy density (ED), the total kcal per weight of food consumed and an index of the types and amounts of food eaten; these diet factors will mediate an association of chronotype with CVH. Methods: Baseline data from 506 participants enrolled in the AHA Go Red for Women SFRN were examined. Women were 20-76 y of age (mean±SD: 37±16 y); 49% had overweight/obesity and 61% were racial/ethnic minority. Women were categorized as either morning/intermediate or evening chronotype based on their Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire scores. Dietary ED and daily intakes of food [by weight (g) and energy (kcal)], nutrients (g/1000 kcal), and fruits and vegetables [FV (servings/1000 kcal)] were assessed using the validated Block Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire. Linear regression models were used to examine associations of chronotype with diet. Causal mediation analyses tested whether dietary ED or energy intake mediated a relation between chronotype and CVH (AHA Life’s Simple 7 score). Models were adjusted for age, BMI, race/ethnicity, education, and health insurance. Results: On average, women consumed 1433±862 kcal with a dietary ED of 1.44±0.40 kcal/g. Evening (n=64) vs. morning/intermediate (n=442) chronotype was associated with higher dietary ED (β=0.21, P=0.0001), energy intake (β=448, P=0.0001), and weight of food consumed (β=129.3, P=0.06). Evening chronotype was also related to greater consumption of animal protein (β=1.1, P=0.04) and lower intakes of plant protein (β=-0.66, P=0.006), fiber (β=-2.2, P=0.0005), and FV (β=-1.3, P<0.0001). Dietary ED was a significant partial mediator of the association between chronotype and CVH (percent mediated: 28%, P=0.01). Results were similar when chronotype was analyzed on the continuous scale. Conclusions: In a diverse sample of women, evening chronotype was associated with a less heart-healthy diet, including greater energy intake and poorer diet quality. Moreover, that dietary ED partially mediated the relation between evening chronotype and poor CVH suggests that behavioral interventions to reduce dietary ED may improve CVH in women with evening chronotype.

scholarly journals Soup consumption is associated with a lower dietary energy density and a better diet quality in US adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 1474-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
James H. Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Food Type ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

Epidemiological studies have revealed that soup consumption is associated with a lower risk of obesity. Moreover, intervention studies have reported that soup consumption aids in body-weight management. However, little is known about mechanisms that can explain these findings. The objective of the present study was to investigate associations between soup consumption and daily energy intake, dietary energy density (ED), nutrient intake and diet quality. Adults aged 19–64 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys during 2003–8 were included in the study. Soup consumers were identified from the first dietary recall using the United States Department of Agriculture food codes and combination food type from the dietary data. Compared with non-consumers (n9307), soup consumers (n1291) had a lower body weight (P= 0·002), a lower waist circumference (P= 0·001) and a trend towards a lower total energy intake (P= 0·087). Soup consumption was associated with a lower dietary ED (P< 0·001); this was independent of whether data on beverage or water consumption were included. Diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2005, was significantly better in soup consumers (P= 0·008). Soup consumption was also associated with a reduced intake of total fat and an increased intake of protein, carbohydrate and dietary fibre, as well as several vitamins and minerals (P< 0·05 for all). However, it was also associated with a higher intake of Na (P< 0·001). The relationship between soup consumption and body weight could be due to a reduced dietary ED and an improved diet quality. Consumers need to pay attention to their Na intake and choose low-Na products for a healthier diet.

scholarly journals 95 The effect of incremental dietary energy density from 13.8 to 15.9 MJ DE/kg on piglet vitality and growth to weaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
Hazel B Rooney ◽  
Keelin O’Driscoll ◽  
John O’Doherty ◽  
Peadar Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Sow Lactation ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

Abstract Genetic selection for hyper-prolificacy in sows has resulted in a significant increase in the number of piglets born alive per litter; however, a consequence has been a reduction in piglet vitality and survival. Increasing lactation dietary energy density can increase sow energy intake and the survival and growth of piglets from large litters. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of increasing sow lactation dietary energy density on piglet vitality and growth to weaning. At d 108 of gestation, sows (n = 115) were blocked by parity, BW and backfat, and randomly assigned to one of four energy density diets until weaning; 13.8, 14.5, 15.2 and 15.9 MJ DE/kg. At birth, body temperature, IUGR traits and muscle tone were recorded in piglets. At 24 h, piglet body temperature and blood glucose concentration were recorded. Piglets were weighed throughout lactation. Data were analysed using the mixed models procedure in SAS (v.9.4). Average daily energy intake was highest for sows fed 15.9 MJ DE/kg compared to sows fed 13.8, 14.5 and 15.2 MJ DE/kg (115.1 v 98.92, 102.33, 107.83MJ DE/d±1.51; P < 0.01). Piglets from sows fed 13.8 and 15.9 MJ DE/kg were more likely to have more IUGR traits and a higher muscle tone score, respectively, compared with all other treatments (P < 0.01). The 24 h body temperature was higher for piglets from sows fed 13.8 and 15.2 MJ DE/kg than piglets from sows fed 15.9 MJ DE/kg (35.47 and 35.48 v 35.22⁰C±0.05; P < 0.01). Glucose concentration was higher for piglets from sows fed 14.5 MJ DE/kg than piglets from sows fed 15.9 MJ DE/kg (4.70 v 4.15mg/ml±0.14; P < 0.01). Litter weaning weight was heaviest for sows fed 13.8 MJ DE/kg compared with sows fed 14.5 MJ DE/kg (92.90 v 84.97kg±1.59; P < 0.01). In conclusion, feeding lactating sows 15.9 MJ DE/kg increased daily sow energy intake and improved piglet development.

scholarly journals Consumption of energy-dense diets in relation to cardiometabolic abnormalities among Iranian women

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 868-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Hossein Khosravi Boroujeni ◽  
Leila Azadbakht
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Bottom Quartile ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between dietary energy density and the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adult women.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.SubjectsWe assessed habitual dietary intakes of 486 Iranian adult women by the use of a validated FFQ. Dietary energy density (DED) was calculated as each individual's reported daily energy intake (kJ/d, kcal/d) divided by the total weight of foods (excluding beverages) consumed (g/d). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profiles and blood pressure were measured. Diabetes (FPG ≥ 126 mg/dl), dyslipidaemia (based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III) and hypertension (based on the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure) were determined. The presence of ‘at least one risk factor’ and ‘at least two risk factors’ of the three major risk factors for CVD (hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes) was also evaluated. To explore the associations between DED and cardiometabolic risk factors, we obtained prevalence ratios in different models accounting for confounders.ResultsMean DED was 7·41 (sd1·46) kJ/g (1·77 (sd0·35) kcal/g). Consumption of energy-dense diets was associated with higher intakes of energy, dietary fat, cholesterol, vegetable oils, refined grains and high-fat dairy products, along with lower intakes of dietary carbohydrates, fruits, vegetables, and meat and fish. Adherence to an energy-dense diet was associated with elevated levels of serum TAG, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and lower levels of serum HDL cholesterol. Women in the top quartile of DED were more likely to have dyslipidaemia (61 %v. 31 %,P< 0·05), at least one (68 %v. 35 %,P< 0·05) and at least two (29 %v. 10 %,P< 0·05) cardiometabolic risk factors compared with those in the bottom quartile. Consumption of energy-dense diets was significantly associated with a greater chance of having dyslipidaemia (prevalence ratio in top quartilev. bottom quartile: 1·78; 95 % CI 1·33, 2·58), at least one (1·81; 1·44, 2·49) and at least two cardiometabolic risk factors (2·81; 1·51, 5·24). Additional control for BMI and total energy intake slightly attenuated the associations. No overall significant associations were found between consumption of energy-dense diets and risk of having diabetes or hypertension either before or after adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsConsumption of energy-dense diets was significantly related to the high prevalence of dyslipidaemia, at least one and at least two cardiometabolic risk factors among Iranian adult women. Prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Dietary Practices Among US Immigrants: Energy Density as a Marker for Acculturation and Diet Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 441-441
Author(s):  
Sofia Pendley ◽  
Melanie Reyes ◽  
Jacqueline Vernarelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
The Us ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

Abstract Objectives The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) 2020 report indicates a need for examining the association between acculturation, dietary behaviors and disease risk. Dietary energy density (ED, kcal/g) is an established indicator of diet quality and a risk factor for chronic disease. Because ED is calculated using the whole diet, it is culturally relevant for use in a variety of populations. Past research on acculturation and diet indicates a need for more research using indicators that measure diet quality. The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between acculturation, dietary intake, and dietary energy density. Methods Dietary data was collected using 24hour-recall in a nationally representative sample of 10 622 adults who participated in the 2013–2016 NHANES. Specific questions about acculturation were asked of participants. All data were analyzed using SAS 9.4 survey procedures to account for the complex survey design of the NHANES. Results A linear relationship between dietary ED and length of time in the US was observed (p-trend &lt; 0.0001). Individuals who were in the US for &lt; 5 years had the lowest dietary ED compared to those who had been in the US for the longest (1.39 vs. 1.84 kcal/g, P &lt; 0.0004) representing ∼450 kcal/day difference after adjusting for relevant cofactors. Despite this difference, there was no difference in the amount of money spent on food compared with length of time in the US. Conclusions This study is consistent with other studies that examine changes in dietary patterns among those who have immigrated to the US. Findings from this study, specifically using ED as an indicator of diet quality, may provide recommendations to developing culturally inclusive efforts to encourage healthy diets. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Plenary Lecture 1 Dietary strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Rolls
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Water ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Portion Size ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Moderate Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy Density

Obesity is a rapidly-growing public health problem that is related in part to the foods available in the eating environment. Properties of foods such as portion size and energy density (kJ/g) have robust effects on energy intake; large portions of energy-dense foods promote excess consumption and this effect starts in early childhood. Studies show, however, that in both adults and children these food characteristics can also be used strategically to moderate energy intake, as well as to improve diet quality. Dietary energy density can be reduced by increasing intake of water-rich foods such as vegetables and fruits. Their high water content allows individuals to eat satisfying portions of food while decreasing energy intake. Filling up at the start of a meal with vegetables or fruit and increasing the proportion of vegetables in a main course have been found to control hunger and moderate energy intake. Data from several clinical trials have also demonstrated that reducing dietary energy density by the addition of water-rich foods is associated with substantial weight loss even though participants eat greater amounts of food. Population-based assessments indicate that beginning in childhood there is a relationship between consuming large portions of energy-dense foods and obesity. These data suggest that the promotion of diets that are reduced in energy density should be an important component of future efforts to both prevent and treat obesity.

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