Coronary Heart Disease Genetic Risk Score Predicts Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Men, Not Women

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is currently second, after cancer, as the most frequent cause of death among HIV-positive subjects in areas of the world where Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is widely available. The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiovascular disease markers in HIV-infected adults attending comprehensive care clinic in Nyeri Level- 5- Hospital. The results are based on a sample of 85 participants that randomly selected for an intervention study with two study arms. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze all study variables. Relationships between all and individual CVD risk factors were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Criterion for statistical significance was at p < 0.05 and 90% power of test. Twenty nine percent of the respondents were aged fifty years and above while 48.2% were between 40-49 years. Only 5.9% of the respondents smoked while 8.2% drunk alcohol. Twenty seven percent (27.1%) had low physical activity while 24.7% had obesity class I (30-34.9), 8.2% had obesity class II (35-39.9) while 1.5% had obesity class III (> 40). Another 31.8% were overweight (25-29.9). 28.2% had hypertension stage I (140-159) and another 11.8% had hypertension stage II (>160). Twenty two percent (22.4%) had high total cholesterol (>6.2), while 34.1% had high serum triglycerides (2.25-5.6) and another 4.7% had very high serum LDL-C (>4.91). Framingham’s risk score was used to determine the 10-year risk of developing a coronary heart disease. Majority of the participants (60%) had low (<10%) 10-year risk of coronary heart disease at the baseline. There is a high prevalence of hypertension and overweight/obesity among HIV+ patients. Key words: Cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular risk score, lipid profile, Framingham risk score.

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How close are we to implementing a genetic risk score for coronary heart disease?

Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics ◽

10.1080/14737159.2017.1368388 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 905-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Katherine Beaney ◽

Fotios Drenos ◽

Steve E. Humphries

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Score

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Hypertension genetic risk score is associated with burden of coronary heart disease among patients referred for coronary angiography

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0208645 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. e0208645 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Lukács Krogager ◽

Regitze Kuhr Skals ◽

Emil Vincent R. Appel ◽

Theresia M. Schnurr ◽

Line Engelbrechtsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Coronary Angiography ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Genetic Risk Score

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Risk prediction for coronary heart disease by a genetic risk score - results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study

BMC Medical Genetics ◽

10.1186/s12881-020-01113-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sonali Pechlivanis ◽

Nils Lehmann ◽

Per Hoffmann ◽

Markus M. Nöthen ◽

Karl-Heinz Jöckel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Risk Score ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Risk Group ◽

Genetic Risk Score ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Men And Women ◽

Chd Risk

Abstract Background A Genetic risk score for coronary artery disease (CAD) improves the ability of predicting coronary heart disease (CHD). It is unclear whether i) the use of a CAD genetic risk score is superior to the measurement of coronary artery calcification (CAC) for CHD risk assessment and ii) the CHD risk assessment using a CAD genetic risk score differs between men and women. Methods We included 4041 participants (age-range: 45–76 years, 1919 men) of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study without CHD or stroke at baseline. A standardized weighted CAD genetic risk score was constructed using 70 known genetic variants. The risk score was divided into quintiles (Q1-Q5). We specified low (Q1), intermediate (Q2-Q4) and high (Q5) genetic risk groups. Incident CHD was defined as fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke and coronary death. The association between the genetic risk score and genetic risk groups with incident CHD was assessed using Cox models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95%-confidence intervals (CI). The models were adjusted by age and sex (Model1), as well as by established CHD risk factors (RF) and CAC (Model2). The analyses were further stratified by sex and controlled for multiple testing. Results During a median follow-up time of 11.6 ± 3.7 years, 343 participants experienced CHD events (219 men). Per-standard deviation (SD) increase in the genetic risk score was associated with 18% increased risk for incident CHD (Model1: p = 0.002) which did not change after full adjustment (Model2: HR = 1.18 per-SD (p = 0.003)). In Model2 we observed a 60% increased CHD risk in the high (p = 0.009) compared to the low genetic risk group. Stratifying by sex, only men showed statistically significantly higher risk for CHD (Model2: HR = 1.23 per-SD (p = 0.004); intermediate: HR = 1.52 (p = 0.04) and high: HR = 1.88 (p = 0.008)) with no statistically significant risk observed in women. Conclusion Our results suggest that the CAD genetic risk score could be useful for CHD risk prediction, at least in men belonging to the higher genetic risk group, but it does not outbalance the value of CT-based quantification of CAC which works independently on both men and women and allows better risk stratification in both the genders.

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