scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in HIV-Infected Adults in Nyeri County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Regina Kamuhu ◽  
Beatrice Mugendi ◽  
Judith Kimiywe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Obesity Class

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is currently second, after cancer, as the most frequent cause of death among HIV-positive subjects in areas of the world where Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is widely available. The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiovascular disease markers in HIV-infected adults attending comprehensive care clinic in Nyeri Level- 5- Hospital. The results are based on a sample of 85 participants that randomly selected for an intervention study with two study arms. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze all study variables. Relationships between all and individual CVD risk factors were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Criterion for statistical significance was at p < 0.05 and 90% power of test. Twenty nine percent of the respondents were aged fifty years and above while 48.2% were between 40-49 years. Only 5.9% of the respondents smoked while 8.2% drunk alcohol. Twenty seven percent (27.1%) had low physical activity while 24.7% had obesity class I (30-34.9), 8.2% had obesity class II (35-39.9) while 1.5% had obesity class III (> 40). Another 31.8% were overweight (25-29.9). 28.2% had hypertension stage I (140-159) and another 11.8% had hypertension stage II (>160). Twenty two percent (22.4%) had high total cholesterol (>6.2), while 34.1% had high serum triglycerides (2.25-5.6) and another 4.7% had very high serum LDL-C (>4.91). Framingham’s risk score was used to determine the 10-year risk of developing a coronary heart disease. Majority of the participants (60%) had low (<10%) 10-year risk of coronary heart disease at the baseline. There is a high prevalence of hypertension and overweight/obesity among HIV+ patients. Key words: Cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular risk score, lipid profile, Framingham risk score.

scholarly journals Coronary Heart Disease Risk Associated with Primary Isolated Hypertriglyceridemia; a Population‐Based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedmohammad Saadatagah ◽  
Ahmed K. Pasha ◽  
Lubna Alhalabi ◽  
Harigopal Sandhyavenu ◽  
Medhat Farwati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Triglyceride Level ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age And Sex

Background Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease but the association is often attributed to concomitant metabolic abnormalities. We investigated the epidemiology of primary isolated hypertriglyceridemia (PIH) and associated cardiovascular risk in a population‐based setting. Methods and Results We identified adults with at least one triglyceride level ≥500 mg/dL between 1998 and 2015 in Olmsted County, Minnesota. We also identified age‐ and sex‐matched controls with triglyceride levels <150 mg/dL. There were 3329 individuals with elevated triglyceride levels; after excluding those with concomitant hypercholesterolemia, a secondary cause of high triglycerides, age <18 years or an incomplete record, 517 patients (49.4±14.0 years, 72.0% men) had PIH (triglyceride 627.6±183.6 mg/dL). The age‐ and sex‐adjusted prevalence of PIH in adults was 0.80% (0.72–0.87); the diagnosis was recorded in 60%, 46% were on a lipid‐lowering medication for primary prevention and a triglyceride level <150 mg/dL was achieved in 24.1%. The association of PIH with coronary heart disease was attenuated but remained significant after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (hazard ratio [HR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.06‐2.20; P = 0.022). There was no statistically significant association between PIH and cerebrovascular disease (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.65‐1.73, P = 0.813), peripheral artery disease (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.43‐3.75; P = 0.668), or the composite end point of all 3 (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.92‐1.80; P =0.148) in adjusted models. Conclusions PIH was associated with incident coronary heart disease events (although there was attenuation after adjustment for conventional risk factors), supporting a causal role for triglycerides in coronary heart disease. The condition is relatively prevalent but awareness and control are low.

Abstract 11288: Breast Arterial Calcifications and Their Association With Cardiovascular Disease in the Prospect Cohort

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva J Hendriks ◽  
Joline W Beulens ◽  
Willem P Mali ◽  
Yolanda van der Graaf ◽  
Pim A de Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Medial Arterial Calcification

Introduction: Breast arterial calcifications (BAC) are a type of medial arterial calcification observed at mammography. They are more prevalent among diabetes patients and thought to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but high quality longitudinal studies are scarce. We aimed to investigate the association of BAC with risk of different types of cardiovascular outcomes. Methods: We performed a series of case-cohort studies nested within the PROSPECT-EPIC cohort, including a random subcohort (n = 1672), and incident cases of coronary heart disease (n=1050), stroke (n=399) peripheral artery disease (n=257), cardiovascular mortality (n=250), and type 2 diabetes (n=526). At baseline BAC was scored as absent, mild, moderate or severe by experienced radiologists. The average follow-up time was 12.0(±1.9) years. We calculated hazard ratios(HRs) using Cox proportional hazards models, adapted to the case-cohort design through Prentice-weighting and adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Of the women in the sub cohort with mammograms available (n=1540), 133 women (8.6%) had BAC in at least one breast. Grade was scored as mild in 75 women (4.9%), moderate in 39 women (2.5%) and severe in 19 women (1.2%). BAC presence was borderline significantly (0.05<p<0.10) associated with risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and cardiovascular mortality, with adjusted HR estimates ranging from 1.42 to 1.58. Much larger effect sizes were found for women with the most severe grade of BAC, as they had a HR of 3.43 (95% CI 1.85-6.37) for coronary heart disease, a HR of 3.19 (95% CI 1.52-6.72) for stroke, a HR of 2.92 (95%CI 1.02-8.35) for peripheral artery disease and a HR of 3.55 (95%CI 1.48-8.52) for cardiovascular mortality compared to women without BAC. Conclusions: BAC presence is modestly associated with cardiovascular disease, with an approximately 3-fold increased risk for the severest grade of BAC, independent of traditional risk factors. This indicates a possible contribution of a medial, non-atherosclerotic pathway to cardiovascular disease events. Whether BAC is a marker of medial arterial calcification in different vascular beds needs to be further investigated.

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