Abstract P114: White Coat Effect is Common Among Stroke Survivors
Background and Purpose: Among stroke survivors, uncontrolled hypertension is a major risk factor for recurrent stroke. Blood pressure (BP) medication titration often relies on office BP measures, which may be inaccurate due to the white coat effect (WCE). We sought to determine the prevalence of the WCE in stroke survivors and to determine whether clinical and demographic factors were associated with WCE. Methods: We followed ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and transient ischemic attack patients with prior hypertension presenting to our stroke clinic for a BP study. Sitting BP was obtained by a medical assistant using an office automated BP machine (OABP). Patients also underwent BP measurement using BPtru, an automated machine that measures and averages five BPs with the patient alone in a room. BPtru approximate BPs obtained by the gold standard ambulatory blood pressure machine. Systolic BP (SBP) obtained by BPtru was subtracted from that obtained by OABP. WCE was defined as SBP difference ≥ 10mmHg. Uncontrolled BP was defined as SBP ≥ 135 mmHg by BPtru or ≥ 140 mmHg by OABP. We used student t-tests (continuous) and chi-squared or Fischer’s exact tests (categorical) for univariate analyses. Results: Of 94 patients, mean age was 60 (SD 12), 60.6% were male, 26.6% were Non-Hispanic White, 46.8% were Black, and 23.4% were Hispanic. Systolic OABP was 13.2 mmHg (SD 19.3) higher than BPtru SBP (student t-test; p <0.001). WCE was present in 58.5 % of participants and BP was misclassified as uncontrolled in 21.2%. In univariate analyses, age (p = 0.14), sex (p = 0.78), race (0.07), stroke type (0.92), body mass index (p = 0.65), and tobacco use (p = 0.35) were not significantly associated with presence of WCE. The presence of normal SBP by OABP was associated with a decreased likelihood of WCE (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Among hypertensive stroke patients following in a clinic, WCE was highly prevalent and one-fifth of patients were misclassified as uncontrolled. Neither race nor other previously described predictors of WCE were associated with WCE in this study. Our findings suggest that in patients with elevated office BP, findings should be confirmed with an automated machine like BPtru in order to avoid over-titration of medication or incorrect assessment of BP control.