Abstract P332: Effects of Intravenous Infusion of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Dextrose on Blood Pressure and Endothelial Function in Obese Subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidar R Gosmanov ◽  
Dawn Smiley ◽  
Joselita Siquiera ◽  
Gonzalo Robalino ◽  
Limin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Dextrose Infusion

Hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acids (FFAs) are implicated in the development of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. We recently reported that 8-hour infusion of soy-bean oil containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (Intralipid) results in the elevation of blood pressure (BP) and endothelial dysfunction in obese healthy subjects. However, the effects of dextrose infusion or combination of dextrose and Intralipid on BP, endothelial function and insulin action are not known. Accordingly, we compared the effects of 8-hour infusion of normal saline at 40 ml/hr, Intralipid 20% at 40 mL/hr, dextrose 10% at 40 ml/hr and combination of Intralipid and dextrose on BP, endothelial function in 12 obese healthy subjects [ages:41±7 yrs, BMI:32±2 kg/m 2 , BP:113/65 mmHg, HOMA-IR: 2.0±1.0]. Blood pressure, brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and levels of FFAs, glucose, and insulin were measured at 0, 4 and 8 h of infusion. Intralipid infusion significantly increased BP, decreased FMD, and increased plasma FFAs (Table). Unlike Intralipid alone, the combination of Intralipid and dextrose did not increase BP but resulted in FMD changes similar to Intralipid alone. Levels of plasma glucose and insulin increased over time after dextrose infusion alone or in combination with Intralipid but not with lipid infusion alone. Compared with Intralipid, the addition of dextrose to Intralipid led to restoration of FFAs to normal level. In summary, Intralipid but not dextrose infusion alone or in combination with Intralipid results in significant elevation in blood pressure in obese healthy subjects. In contrast, dextrose administration had no effect on Intralipid-induced endothelial dysfunction. The mechanisms underlying differences in vascular response after addition of dextrose to Intralipid are not known, but these results indicate that dextrose-induced mild hyperinsulinemia may regulate adverse hemodynamic effects of fat administration in obese subjects.

scholarly journals Supplementation with Hydroxytyrosol and Punicalagin Improves Early Atherosclerosis Markers Involved in the Asymptomatic Phase of Atherosclerosis in the Adult Population: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Quirós-Fernández ◽  
Bricia López-Plaza ◽  
Laura Bermejo ◽  
Samara Palma-Milla ◽  
Carmen Gómez-Candela
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Asymptomatic Phase ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Early Atherosclerosis

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and Punicalagin (PC) exert cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects. This study evaluates the effect of oral supplementation with HT and PC (SAx) on early atherosclerosis markers in middle-aged, seemingly healthy adults. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was performed for 20 weeks. There were two treatment sequences (Placebo/SAx, n = 41; SAx/Placebo, n = 43) for which the intervention periods (Placebo and SAx) were 8 weeks long, followed by a 4-week wash out period. The supplement was composed of 9.9 mg of HT and 195 mg of PC, and the placebo was composed of maltodextrin. SAx increased endothelial function (Flow-mediated dilatation [FMD]: 2.36%; p < 0.001) in the endothelial dysfunction subgroup compared to the placebo (2.36 ± 3.9 vs. 0.76 ± 3.5%, p < 0.05). SAx also reduced oxLDL by −28.74 ng/mL (p < 0.05) in subjects with higher levels of oxLDL, which was an improvement compared with the placebo (−28.74 ± 40.2 vs. 25.64 ± 93.8 ng/mL, p < 0.001). The prehypertension and hypertension subgroups exhibited decreased systolic (−15.75 ± 9.9 mmHg; p < 0.001) and diastolic (−6.36 ± 8.7 mmHg; p < 0.001) blood pressure after SAx consumption. Moreover, the systolic prehypertension and hypertension subgroups presented significant differences in systolic blood pressure compared to the placebo (−15.75 ± 9.9 vs. −2.67 ± 12.0 mmHg, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplement exerted anti-atherosclerotic effects by improving endothelial function, blood pressure, and levels of circulating oxLDL, especially for persons in whom these parameters were altered.

scholarly journals Effects of oral and intravenous fat load on blood pressure, endothelial function, sympathetic activity, and oxidative stress in obese healthy subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (6) ◽  
pp. E953-E958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidar R. Gosmanov ◽  
Dawn D. Smiley ◽  
Gonzalo Robalino ◽  
Joselita Siquiera ◽  
Bobby Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Intravenous Saline ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oral Fat Load

We compared the effects of high and low oral and intravenous (iv) fat load on blood pressure (BP), endothelial function, autonomic nervous system, and oxidative stress in obese healthy subjects. Thirteen obese subjects randomly received five 8-h infusions of iv saline, 20 (32 g, low iv fat) or 40 ml/h intralipid (64 g, high iv fat), and oral fat load at 32 (low oral) or 64 g (high oral). Systolic BP increased by 14 ± 10 ( P = 0.007) and 12 ± 9 mmHg ( P = 0.007) after low and high iv lipid infusions and by 13 ± 17 ( P = 0.045) and 11 ± 11 mmHg ( P = 0.040) after low and high oral fat loads, respectively. The baseline flow-mediated dilation was 9.4%, and it decreased by 3.8 ± 2.1 ( P = 0.002) and 4.1 ± 3.1% ( P < 0.001) after low and high iv lipid infusion and by 3.8 ± 1.8 ( P = 0.002) and 5.0 ± 2.5% ( P < 0.001) after low and high oral fat load, respectively. Oral and iv fat load stimulated oxidative stress, increased heart rate, and decreased R-R interval variability. Acute iv fat load decreased blood glucose by 6–10 mg/dl ( P < 0.05) without changes in insulin concentration, whereas oral fat increased plasma insulin by 3.7–4.0 μU/ml ( P < 0.01) without glycemic variations. Intravenous saline and both oral and iv fat load reduced leptin concentration from baseline ( P < 0.01). In conclusion, acute fat load administered orally or intravenously significantly increased blood pressure, altered endothelial function, and activated sympathetic nervous system by mechanisms not likely depending on changes in leptin, glucose, and insulin levels in obese healthy subjects. Thus, fat load, independent of its source, has deleterious hemodynamic effects in obese subjects.

scholarly journals Effect of blood pressure variability on endothelial function assessed by brachial artery flow mediated dilatation

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. P5649-P5649
Author(s):  
S. I. Dumitrescu ◽  
G. Cristian ◽  
I. Tintoiu ◽  
L. Chiriac ◽  
V. Greere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Artery Flow

Endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in migraine patients

Cephalalgia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Perko ◽  
Janja Pretnar-Oblak ◽  
Miso Sabovic ◽  
Bojana Zvan ◽  
Marjan Zaletel
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Migraine Pathophysiology

Background: Endothelial dysfunction could be involved in the pathophysiology of migraine. The results obtained from a few studies on endothelial dysfunction in migraine are controversial. We investigated brachial flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), which reflects systemic endothelial dysfunction, in migraine patients without comorbidities. By employing strict inclusion criteria we avoided the possible changes to FMD from confounding factors. Methods. Forty migraine patients without comorbidities (20 with and 20 without aura) and 20 healthy subjects were included. FMD of brachial arteries and carotid intima-media thickness were measured by using standard procedures. Results. We did not find any difference in FMD between migraine patients and healthy subjects ( p = .96). Also, no differences were found among healthy subjects, migraine patients with aura and without aura ( p = .99). Conclusion. Our study showed that systemic endothelial function is not impaired in migraine patients without comorbidities, neither in those with or without aura. Considering these findings, the investigation of cerebral endothelial function would be useful in a further investigation of the role of endothelial (dys)function in migraine pathophysiology.

Abstract 140: The Effects of Modest Dietary Salt Reduction on Vascular Function and Blood Pressure in Overweight and Obese Adults

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kacie Dickinson ◽  
Peter Clifton ◽  
Jennifer Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Urinary Sodium ◽  
Sodium Reduction ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Nitrite Concentration ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Obese Subjects

Short term sodium restriction improves endothelial function as measured by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), however the longer term effects of a modest reduction in dietary salt intake on vascular endothelial function in overweight and obese persons is unknown. Our objective was to determine the effects of a reduction in dietary sodium to 100mmol Na/day compared with 160mmol Na/day on measures of vascular function, and plasma and urinary nitrate/nitrite concentrations and 24hr ambulatory blood pressure in overweight and obese subjects. In a 6 week randomised cross-over trial of 100 Na mmol/day compared to 160mmol Na/day (achieved by giving sodium tablets) overweight and obese subjects had measurements of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), 24hr BP, augmentation index (AIx), pulse wave velocity (PWV) and plasma and urinary nitrate/nitrite concentrations at the end of each intervention. Twenty five overweight and obese subjects aged 57±7 years (BMI 31.58±3.93kg/m 2 ; SBP 128±11mmHg; DBP 76±5mmHg) completed the intervention. Urinary sodium decreased from 155±58mmol/24hr to 113±45mmol/24hr (p=0.002). Weight and 24hr urinary potassium excretion were not different between interventions (p>0.05) as planned. Following sodium reduction there was a significant improvement in FMD from 3.54±2.83% to 5.63±2.79% (p<0.001). Daytime DBP decreased from 77±6mmHg to 75±7mmHg (p=0.087) with sodium reduction. Endothelium-independent vasodilatation, AIx, PWV and plasma and urinary nitrate/nitrite concentration were not significantly different between treatments (p>0.05). Change in FMD was significantly related to the urinary sodium to creatinine ratio (R = -0.470 P=0.018). Modest sodium reduction has beneficial effects on vascular function in overweight and obese subjects but does not alter nitrate/nitrite concentration in the urine or plasma. Further work is needed to explore the mechanisms by which salt affects vascular function in overweight and obese adults.

Abstract 530: Impact of a Single Mixed Mediterranean-Type Meal Compared with a High-Saturated Fat Meal on Postprandial Endothelial Function and Metabolic Markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Lacroix ◽  
Christine Des Rosiers ◽  
Mathieu Gayda ◽  
Anil Nigam
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Endothelial Impairment ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Fat Meal

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is considered a precursor of atherosclerosis and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. A high-saturated fat meal (HFM) has been shown to induce postprandial endothelial dysfunction. However, no studies have evaluated the acute endothelial effect of a single mixed Mediterranean-type meal (MMM). Our objective was to evaluate postprandial endothelial and metabolic function in response to a MMM in comparison to an isocaloric HFM. Methods: In this ongoing crossover study, 26 of 28 healthy non-smoking males have completed the research protocol. In random order on two separate days during a 1-week interval, subjects were fed two isocaloric meals after an overnight fast. The MMM (885 kcal) consisted of fresh salmon, almonds and vegetables baked in olive oil providing 51% of total calories from fat (7.87g SFA and 2.29g of omega-3, 2:1 DHA:EPA). The HFM consisted of a McDonald’s sausage, egg and cheese McMuffin and three hashbrowns (858 kcal) providing 58% of total energy from fat (14.78g SFA and no omega-3). Endothelial function was evaluated by measuring brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (%FMD) at baseline and at two (T2) and four (T4) hours postprandial. Results: Mean postprandial %FMD tends to be less impaired following the MMM than the HFM (variation at T4 -0.15±3.6% vs -2.83±3.3% respectively, p<0.1). Postprandial variations of TG and TG/HDL at T4 were also less severe with the MMM than the HFM (p≤0.05) and did not correlate to %FMD variations. When subdividing the population on the basis of the median fasting TG levels (0.90 mmol/L), the HFM led to significant endothelial impairment in the subjects with higher-TG while it had no effect in the low-TG group. Conclusion: Our data suggest that a single MMM exerts less of a deleterious effect on postprandial endothelial function and metabolic markers than does a HFM. A single MMM could thus be less atherogenic than a HFM. Moreover, subjects with higher fasting TG levels (avg. 1.54±0.59 mmol/L, well bellow hypertriglyceridemia threshold) could be at higher risk of endothelial injury following a single HFM. Data on all 28 subjects will be available in April 2012.

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