Adaptation in the Water Sector: Science & Institutions

Daedalus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine L. Jacobs ◽  
Lester Snow
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Water Supply And Demand ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Societal Expectations

Water management activities involve a complex and interconnected web of science, infrastructure considerations, societal expectations, and institutional limitations that has evolved over time. Much of the water management system's current complexity developed in response to the interests of local water users and land owners, historical water supply and demand issues, political demands, and water quality and environmental considerations. Climate change poses a new set of questions for water managers and may require more flexible solutions than those that have evolved historically. Although the implications of changes in the climate on water supply and demand are recognized (if not well quantified), ongoing changes in temperature and precipitation, as well as the linkages between environmental and societal factors, lead to major uncertainties in future conditions. New tools, techniques, and institutions will be needed to sustain water supplies for communities and watersheds in the future.

scholarly journals Overview of participatory water management to overcome drought towards agricultural sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Dian Tristi Agustini ◽  
Johan Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Participatory Water Management

Drought gives severe impact on agricultural system on fulfilling global food demands. Addressing the root causes of drought related to the community as water users can be done by combating illegal water extraction and controlling water supply. The discussion is based on information obtained from scientific literatures, such as Science Direct, Google Scholar and Scopus. From literature survey, participatory water management engage stakeholders harmonizing water supply and demand to tackle drought through water resources protection and efficient water use. Giving more power of people in the system impacts their better involvement in planning and decision-making processes. Top-down and bottomup participation models have different dynamics in water governance and both can be implemented based on the local contexts. Trade-offs and dilemmas should be considered in order to produce an effective participation. Collaboration and good communication among water users result in a better water management.

scholarly journals Modeling Water Supply and Demand for Effective Water Management Allocation in the Jordan Valley

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amani Alfarra ◽  
◽  
Eric Kemp- Benedict ◽  
Heinz Hötzl ◽  
Nayif Sader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
Water Supply And Demand ◽  
Effective Water

Modeling water supply and demand for effective water management allocation in Mazafran basin (north of Algeria)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malika Kahlerras ◽  
Mohamed Meddi ◽  
Maroua Benabdelmalek ◽  
Samir Toumi ◽  
Djillali Kahlerras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Water Supply And Demand ◽  
Effective Water

scholarly journals Toward Bridging Future Irrigation Deficits Utilizing the Shark Algorithm Integrated with a Climate Change Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
pp. 3960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehteram ◽  
El-Shafie ◽  
Hin ◽  
Othman ◽  
Koting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Change Model ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Water Supply And Demand ◽  
Climate Change Model

Climate change is one of the most effectual variables on the dam operations and reservoir water system. This is due to the fact that climate change has a direct effect on the rainfall–runoff process that is influencing the water inflow to the reservoir. This study examines future trends in climate change in terms of temperature and precipitation as an important predictor to minimize the gap between water supply and demand. In this study, temperature and precipitation were predicted for the period between 2046 and 2065, in the context of climate change, based on the A1B scenario and the HAD-CM3 model. Runoff volume was then predicted with the IHACRES model. A new, nature-inspired optimization algorithm, named the shark algorithm, was examined. Climate change model results were utilized by the shark algorithm to generate an optimal operation rule for dam and reservoir water systems to minimize the gap between water supply and demand for irrigation purposes. The proposed model was applied for the Aydoughmoush Dam in Iran. Results showed that, due to the decrease in water runoff to the reservoir and the increase in irrigation demand, serious irrigation deficits could occur downstream of the Aydoughmoush Dam.

scholarly journals Impacts of Legal and Institutional Changes on Irrigation Management Performance: A Case of the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elshaikh ◽  
Shi-hong Yang ◽  
Xiyun Jiao ◽  
Mohammed Elbashier
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Management Performance ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Water Surplus ◽  
The Right

This study aims to offer a comprehensive assessment of the impacts of policies and institutional arrangements on irrigation management performance. The case study, the Gezira Scheme, has witnessed a significant decrease in water management performance during recent decades. This situation led to several institutional changes in order to put the system on the right path. The main organizations involved in water management at the scheme are the Ministry of Irrigation & Water Resources (MOIWR), the Sudan Gezira Board (SGB), and the Water Users Associations (WUAs). Different combinations from these organizations were founded to manage the irrigation system. The evaluation of these organizations is based on the data of water supply and cultivated areas from 1970 to 2015. The measured data were compared with two methods: the empirical water order method (Indent) that considers the design criteria of the scheme, and the Crop Water Requirement (CWR) method. Results show that the MOIWR period was the most efficient era, with an average water surplus of 12% compared with the Indent value, while the most critical period (SGB & WUAs) occurred when the water supply increased by 80%. The other periods of the Irrigation Water Corporation (IWC), (SGB & MOIWR), and (WUAs & MOIWR) had witnessed an increase in water supply by 29%, 63%, and 67% respectively. Through these institutional changes, the percentage of excessive water supply jumped from 12% to 80%. Finally, the study provides general recommendations associated with institutional arrangements and policy adoption to improve irrigation system performance.

scholarly journals A Probabilistic Approach for Characterization of Sub-Annual Socioeconomic Drought Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Relationships in a Changing Environment

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Heidari ◽  
Mazdak Arabi ◽  
Mahshid Ghanbari ◽  
Travis Warziniack
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Intensity ◽  
Water Supply And Demand ◽  
Intensity Duration Frequency

Changes in climate, land use, and population can increase annual and interannual variability of socioeconomic droughts in water-scarce regions. This study develops a probabilistic approach to improve characterization of sub-annual socioeconomic drought intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships under shifts in water supply and demand conditions. A mixture Gamma-Generalized Pareto (Gamma-GPD) model is proposed to enhance characterization of both the non-extreme and extreme socioeconomic droughts. Subsequently, the mixture model is used to determine sub-annual socioeconomic drought intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships, return period, amplification factor, and drought risk. The application of the framework is demonstrated for the City of Fort Collins (Colorado, USA) water supply system. The water demand and supply time series for the 1985–2065 are estimated using the Integrated Urban water Model (IUWM) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), respectively, with climate forcing from statistically downscaled CMIP5 projections. The results from the case study indicate that the mixture model leads to enhanced estimation of sub-annual socioeconomic drought frequencies, particularly for extreme events. The probabilistic approach presented in this study provides a procedure to update sub-annual socioeconomic drought IDF curves while taking into account changes in water supply and demand conditions.

Water-Stressed Pakistan

Asian Survey ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1116-1136
Author(s):  
Amit Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Water Supply And Demand

The widening gap between water supply and demand is the biggest threat and challenge before Pakistan. Of the available water, much is polluted. Both scarcity and pollution threaten the agriculture sector, on which the country’s economy depends.

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