Mapping Environmental Justice in Technology Flows: Computer Waste Impacts in Asia

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair Iles
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
System Development ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Do So

In the 21st century, technology and material flows constitute an ever-growing set of global environmental change. In particular, electronic wastes are emerging as a major transnational problem. Industrial nations are shipping millions of obsolete computers to Asia yearly; Asian countries are emerging as generators of e-waste in their own right. This article argues that an environmental justice approach can help illuminate the impacts of technology and material flows. To do so, however, environmental justice definitions and methodologies need to account for how and why such flows occur. Using the case of computers, the article analyses some factors shaping the e-waste recycling chain, shows how e-waste risks depend on design and manufacturing chains, and evaluates inequalities in the ecological and health impacts of e-wastes across Asia. It proposes a definition of environmental justice as obviating the production of risk, using a framework that brings together the global production system, development models, and regulatory action.

scholarly journals Acclimation capacity and rate change through life in the zooplankton Daphnia

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1924) ◽  
pp. 20200189
Author(s):  
Tim Burton ◽  
Hanna-Kaisa Lakka ◽  
Sigurd Einum
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Phenotypic State ◽  
Do So

When a change in the environment occurs, organisms can maintain an optimal phenotypic state via plastic, reversible changes to their phenotypes. These adjustments, when occurring within a generation, are described as the process of acclimation. While acclimation has been studied for more than half a century, global environmental change has stimulated renewed interest in quantifying variation in the rate and capacity with which this process occurs, particularly among ectothermic organisms. Yet, despite the likely ecological importance of acclimation capacity and rate, how these traits change throughout life among members of the same species is largely unstudied. Here we investigate these relationships by measuring the acute heat tolerance of the clonally reproducing zooplankter Daphnia magna of different size/age and acclimation status. The heat tolerance of individuals completely acclimated to relatively warm (28°C) or cool (17°C) temperatures diverged during development, indicating that older, larger individuals had a greater capacity to increase heat tolerance. However, when cool acclimated individuals were briefly exposed to the warm temperature (i.e. were ‘heat-hardened'), it was younger, smaller animals with less capacity to acclimate that were able to do so more rapidly because they obtained or came closer to obtaining complete acclimation of heat tolerance. Our results illustrate that within a species, individuals can differ substantially in how rapidly and by how much they can respond to environmental change. We urge greater investigation of the intraspecific relationship between acclimation and development along with further consideration of the factors that might contribute to these enigmatic patterns of phenotypic variation.

Point-Based CAD/CAM Geometric Model Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 2757-2761
Author(s):  
Feng Jun Wang
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Development Methodology ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Technology Cad ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Machinery Manufacturing

At present, CAD/CAM technology is applied in many areas, and machinery manufacturing was one of these areas in which CAD/CAM technology is the first and most widely used. With the development of CAD/CAM technology, CAD/CAM technology has become a key technology to improve the design and manufacturing standards, and enhance the competitiveness of the industry. In this paper, the concept of point-based geometric models used in CAD/CAM is proposed, the definition of the point-based geometric model and its CAD/CAM application process are suggested, and the geometric characteristics of the point-based geometric model and the CAD/CAM system development methodology are analysed.

Global Environmental Change and Agriculture

jpa ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Rawlins
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Global Environmental

Political Consumerism for Sustainable Tourism

2018 ◽  
pp. 348-366
Author(s):  
Machiel Lamers ◽  
Jeroen Nawijn ◽  
Eke Eijgelaar
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Consumerism ◽  
Global Environmental

Over the last decades a substantial and growing societal and academic interest has emerged for the development of sustainable tourism. Scholars have highlighted the contribution of tourism to global environmental change and to local, detrimental social and environmental effects as well as to ways in which tourism contributes to nature conservation. Nevertheless the role of tourist consumers in driving sustainable tourism has remained unconvincing and inconsistent. This chapter reviews the constraints and opportunities of political consumerism for sustainable tourism. The discussion covers stronger pockets and a key weak pocket of political consumerism for sustainable tourism and also highlights inconsistencies in sustainable tourism consumption by drawing on a range of social theory arguments and possible solutions. The chapter concludes with an agenda for future research on this topic.

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