East German Military Aid to the Sandinista Government of Nicaragua, 1979–1990

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Storkmann
Keyword(s):  
National Defense ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
Guerrilla Movements ◽  
East German ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Military Command ◽  
The Third World ◽  
And Training ◽  
Support Research

The East German regime provided extensive military assistance to developing countries and armed guerrilla movements in Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Latin America. In the 1980s, the pro-Soviet Marxist government in Nicaragua was one of the major recipients of East German military assistance. This article focuses on contacts at the level of the ministries of defense, on Nicaraguan requests to the East German military command, and on political and military decision-making processes in East Germany. The article examines the provision of weaponry and training as well as other forms of cooperation and support. Research for the article was conducted in the formerly closed archives of the East German Ministry for National Defense regarding military supplies to the Third World as well as the voluminous declassified files of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (the ruling Communist party).

Military Aid and Counterrevolution in the Third World.

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Erving E. Beauregard ◽  
Miles D. Wolpin
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

Israel's Military Aid to Africa, 1960–66

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Donor Country ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
The Political ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recipient Government ◽  
The Military

DURING the late 1950S and early 19605, Israel mounted an active campaign of aid to Africa, which took three main forms: technical help in agriculture, joint commercial ventures, and military assistance. Of the three, the military and quasi-military programmes made the most considerable mark in Africa;1 they were also an important part of Israel's overall foreign policy, in an attempt to gain political influence through military aid, and thus to help overcome her isolation in the Middle East. Israel's military assistance to Africa illustrates several important aspects of foreign aid. This article deals mainly with the political motives of the donor country, and the various ways in which it may be concerned to influence the actions of the recipient government. Later, there is some discussion of the social and cultural barriers to the transfer of military and para-military organisations from one culture to another.

How to Thrive in the Changing Landscape of Teacher Education

2018 ◽  
pp. 1389-1404
Author(s):  
Holly Henderson Pinter ◽  
Kim K. Winter ◽  
Myra K. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Teacher Candidates ◽  
Comprehensive University ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Performance Based Assessment ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Preservice Teacher Candidate ◽  
And Training

This chapter explores a number of issues for consideration when adopting and implementing edTPA as a summative performance-based assessment of preservice teacher candidate tasks. This chapter aims to offer guidance and support for programs in the beginning stages of implementation of edTPA. Each of the considerations includes a vignette from personal experiences at a regional comprehensive university in the southeast. Issues discussed include timeline for implementation, buy-in, decision-making processes, professional development and training, mapping, and next steps. The vignettes detail particular issues or concerns and include faculty, staff, and/or teacher candidates. Data used to develop the vignettes was collected via interviews, surveys, and reflections.

Military Aid, Regime Vulnerability and the Escalation of Political Violence

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Andrew Boutton
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Military Assistance ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Distinct Mechanism ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
Military Support

AbstractThis article offers an explanation for the failures of US military assistance programs in some countries. The author argues that the effects of military aid are conditional upon the vulnerability of the recipient regime. Power consolidation by an insecure leader often provokes violent opposition. However, because military aid strengthens the security forces of the recipient state, it generates a moral hazard that encourages exclusionary power consolidation, with the expectation that continued military aid will help manage violent blowback. Using proxies for regime vulnerability and an instrument for US military aid, the study shows that military aid increases anti-regime violence in new regimes (particularly new democracies) and in all personalist regimes. In contrast, military assistance has no effect on violence in established, non-personalist regimes. The article develops a novel theory of how regime characteristics condition responses to external military support, and identifies a distinct mechanism through which military aid increases domestic political violence.

scholarly journals Study of a SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in a Belgian Military Education and Training Center in Maradi, Niger

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Paul Pirnay ◽  
Philippe Selhorst ◽  
Christel Cochez ◽  
Mauro Petrillo ◽  
Vincent Claes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Military Education ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Military Command ◽  
And Training

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compromises the ability of military forces to fulfill missions. At the beginning of May 2020, 22 out of 70 Belgian soldiers deployed to a military education and training center in Maradi, Niger, developed mild COVID-19 compatible symptoms. Immediately upon their return to Belgium, and two weeks later, all seventy soldiers were tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (RT-qPCR) and antibodies (two immunoassays). Nine soldiers had at least one positive COVID-19 diagnostic test result. Five of them exhibited COVID-19 symptoms (mainly anosmia, ageusia, and fever), while four were asymptomatic. In four soldiers, SARS-CoV-2 viral load was detected and the genomes were sequenced. Conventional and genomic epidemiological data suggest that these genomes have an African most recent common ancestor and that the Belgian military service men were infected through contact with locals. The medical military command implemented testing of all Belgian soldiers for SARS-CoV-2 viral load and antibodies, two to three days before their departure on a mission abroad or on the high seas, and for specific missions immediately upon their return in Belgium. Some military operational settings (e.g., training camps in austere environments and ships) were also equipped with mobile infectious disease (COVID-19) testing capacity.

Arms for the Third World: Soviet Military Aid Diplomacy

1970 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Roger E. Kanet ◽  
Wynfred Joshua ◽  
Stephen P. Gibert ◽  
Uri Ra'anan ◽  
Waldemar A. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Military Aid ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World
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