scholarly journals Number-related Brain Potentials Are Differentially Affected by Mapping Novel Symbols on Small versus Large Quantities in a Number Learning Task

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1275
Author(s):  
Fabian C. G. van den Berg ◽  
Peter de Weerd ◽  
Lisa M. Jonkman
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Range ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Neural Correlate ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Set Size ◽  
Subitizing Range ◽  
Mapping Process ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Symbolic Number

The nature of the mapping process that imbues number symbols with their numerical meaning—known as the “symbol-grounding process”—remains poorly understood and the topic of much debate. The aim of this study was to enhance insight into how the nonsymbolic–symbolic number mapping process and its neurocognitive correlates might differ between small (1–4; subitizing range) and larger (6–9) numerical ranges. Hereto, 22 young adults performed a learning task in which novel symbols acquired numerical meaning by mapping them onto nonsymbolic magnitudes presented as dot arrays (range 1–9). Learning-dependent changes in accuracy and RT provided evidence for successful novel symbol quantity mapping in the subitizing (1–4) range only. Corroborating these behavioral results, the number processing related P2p component was only modulated by the learning/mapping of symbols representing small numbers 1–4. The symbolic N1 amplitude increased with learning independent of symbolic numerical range but dependent on the set size of the preceding dot array; it only occurred when mapping on one to four item dot arrays that allow for quick retrieval of a numeric value, on the basis of which, with learning, one could predict the upcoming symbol causing perceptual expectancy violation when observing a different symbol. These combined results suggest that exact nonsymbolic–symbolic mapping is only successful for small quantities 1–4 from which one can readily extract cardinality. Furthermore, we suggest that the P2p reflects the processing stage of first access to or retrieval of numeric codes and might in future studies be used as a neural correlate of nonsymbolic–symbolic mapping/symbol learning.

scholarly journals Combining Multiple Organizational-level Databases: An Empirical Evaluation of Different Matching Methods

2021 ◽  
pp. 004912412098618
Author(s):  
Tim de Leeuw ◽  
Steffen Keijl
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Matching Methods ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Insight Into

Although multiple organizational-level databases are frequently combined into one data set, there is no overview of the matching methods (MMs) that are utilized because the vast majority of studies does not report how this was done. Furthermore, it is unclear what the differences are between the utilized methods, and it is unclear whether research findings might be influenced by the utilized method. This article describes four commonly used methods for matching databases and potential issues. An empirical comparison of those methods used to combine regularly used organizational-level databases reveals large differences in the number of observations obtained. Furthermore, empirical analyses of these different methods reveal that several of them produce both systematic and random errors. These errors can result in erroneous estimations of regression coefficients in terms of direction and/or size as well as an issue where truly significant relationships might be found to be insignificant. This shows that research findings can be influenced by the MM used, which would argue in favor of the establishment of a preferred method as well as more transparency on the utilized method in future studies. This article provides insight into the matching process and methods, suggests a preferred method, and should aid researchers, reviewers, and editors with both combining multiple databases and describing and assessing them.

scholarly journals Collaborative learning experiences of fourth-year students in a social work module

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Erica Pretorius ◽  
Hanna Nel
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Real World Problems

This article provides insight into a fourth-year social work module, integrating an authentic learning task. This task focused on the development of a funding proposal for a social service organization. It attempted to integrate collaborative learning by scaffolding students’ participation in the world of work, rather than just receiving a qualification. In view of the prevalent conversation around the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Covid-19 pandemic, it is essential that lecturers at higher education institutions embrace collaborative and problem-solving skills for student tasks. Recent evidence suggests that higher education graduates’ learning and their readiness for work in a professional environment require a greater focus on creative and innovative thinking to solve real-world problems. The results from this qualitative investigation revealed that students found working in teams and collaborating with their peers both challenging and rewarding. This process contributed to the holistic development of social workers ready to work in the real-world.

Morphometric and molecular characterization of an expanding Ionian population of the fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Annelida)

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 1569-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Righi ◽  
Isabella Maletti ◽  
Ferruccio Maltagliati ◽  
Alberto Castelli ◽  
Michele Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic History ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Hermodice Carunculata ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Individual Size ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe amphinomid fireworm Hermodice carunculata is a potentially invasive species reported throughout the subtropical Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, which is known as a generalist predator and opportunistic feeder. The ongoing climate changes and seawater warming may favour fireworm poleward range expansions and density increases. Our results provide the first investigation into a population which has purportedly been spreading widely in the Salento Peninsula (Apulia, Italy). The specimens were analysed using allometric variables and molecular markers. The best morphometric parameters to estimate individual size were determined as key information for future studies on fireworm population dynamics. To phylogeographically characterize the Apulian population, sequences of the mitochondrial COI and 16S rDNA regions were obtained from a pool of individuals and treated together with those of Atlantic specimens retrieved from GenBank. The estimates of genetic variability for Apulian population were consistent with those recently reported in the literature. Inferences on demographic history analysis confirmed a recent expansion event in Apulia, as has been recounted by fishermen and scuba divers during recent years. Overall, these results constitute a crucial step in the characterization of present-day H. carunculata populations, and provide greater insight into fireworm population ecology.

Realising Value from Absorptive Capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850011
Author(s):  
Ronald Eastburn
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Community Banks ◽  
Innovative Performance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Community Bank ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Formal Mechanism ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Insight Into

To gain insight into how successful community banks are continuously “adaptive” to environmental challenges, we examined the role absorptive capacity (ACAP) plays in effecting improved performance. ACAP is the formal mechanism used for sensing and experimentation of knowledge — and as such is adopted to acquire, assimilate, transform and exploit knowledge so as to positively influence performance. Data obtained from a survey of 151 community bank CEOs confirmed that ACAP does indeed enhance performance. We also demonstrated the multi-dimensional structure of ACAP, the consequence of cultivating an active learning orientation and the relevance of potential cultural inhibitors on decision behaviour for innovative performance. Several directions for future studies utilising knowledge-based responses are proposed.

Technology-enhanced language learning: Recent developments and what to expect next

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.28) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Vilma Mikašytė
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Technology Enhanced Learning ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Enhanced Learning ◽  
Insight Into

One of the key characteristics that are expected from a contemporary instructor is being able to creatively implement innovation in his/her day-to-day teaching activities. An example of such innovative approaches to teaching is the integrated teaching of, for instance, STEM subjects with foreign languages (FL). The latter can be successfully achieved via technology-enhanced learning (TEL) approach. Currently, there are numerous apps and platforms available or still being developed for teaching STEM subjects, which could be combined with learning FLs in order to ensure successful learning outcomes even more. However, the full educational potential of TEL tools for teaching FLs should be investigated and disclosed beforehand. To this end, the present paper provides an overview of the most recent developments in technology-enhanced language learning (TELL). It firstly surveys state-of-the art and then gives an insight into what to expect from the near future studies on TELL. 

On the maximal numerical range of some matrices

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 288-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hamed ◽  
Ilya Spitkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Range ◽  
Maximal Eigenvalue ◽  
Direct Sums ◽  
Codimension One ◽  
Empty Intersection ◽  
Insight Into

The maximal numerical range $W_0(A)$ of a matrix $A$ is the (regular) numerical range $W(B)$ of its compression $B$ onto the eigenspace $\mathcal L$ of $A^*A$ corresponding to its maximal eigenvalue. So, always $W_0(A)\subseteq W(A)$. Conditions under which $W_0(A)$ has a non-empty intersection with the boundary of $W(A)$ are established, in particular, when $W_0(A)=W(A)$. The set $W_0(A)$ is also described explicitly for matrices unitarily similar to direct sums of $2$-by-$2$ blocks, and some insight into the behavior of $W_0(A)$ is provided when $\mathcal L$ has codimension one.

The evolutionarily conserved MOS4-associated complex

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 776-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaeli Johnson ◽  
Oliver Dong ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Biological Function ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Core Member ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Flowering Time Control ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractRecent work in plant immunity has shown that MOS4, a known intermediate in R protein mediated resistance, is a core member of the nuclear MOS4-associated complex (MAC). This complex is highly conserved in eukaryotes, as orthologous complexes known as the CDC5L-SNEVPrp19-Pso4 complex and the Nineteen complex (NTC) were previously identified in human and yeast, respectively. The involvement of these complexes in pre-mRNA splicing and spliceosome assembly suggests that the MAC probably has a similar function in plants. Double mutants of any two MAC components are lethal, whereas single mutants of the MAC core components mos4, Atcdc5, mac3, and prl1 are all viable and display pleiotropic defects. This suggests that while the MAC is required for some essential biological function such as splicing, individual MAC components are not crucial for complex functionality and likely have regulatory roles in other biological processes such as plant immunity and flowering time control. Future studies on MAC components in Arabidopsis will provide further insight into the regulatory mechanisms of the MAC on specific biological processes.

scholarly journals Event-related brain potentials and subjective probability in a learning task

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Horst ◽  
Ray Johnson ◽  
Emanuel Donchin
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Probability ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Brain Potentials

scholarly journals DBC1/CCAR2 and CCAR1 Are Largely Disordered Proteins that Have Evolved from One Common Ancestor

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Brunquell ◽  
Jia Yuan ◽  
Aqeela Erwin ◽  
Sandy D. Westerheide ◽  
Bin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered ◽  
Intrinsically Disordered Regions ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Similar Domain

Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1, CCAR2, KIAA1967) is a large, predominantly nuclear, multidomain protein that modulates gene expression by inhibiting several epigenetic modifiers, including the deacetylases SIRT1 and HDAC3, and the methyltransferase SUV39H1. DBC1 shares many highly conserved protein domains with its paralog cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1, CARP-1). In this study, we examined the full-length sequential and structural properties of DBC1 and CCAR1 from multiple species and correlated these properties with evolution. Our data shows that the conserved domains shared between DBC1 and CCAR1 have similar domain structures, as well as similar patterns of predicted disorder in less-conserved intrinsically disordered regions. Our analysis indicates similarities between DBC1, CCAR1, and the nematode protein lateral signaling target 3 (LST-3), suggesting that DBC1 and CCAR1 may have evolved from LST-3. Our data also suggests that DBC1 emerged later in evolution than CCAR1. DBC1 contains regions that show less conservation across species as compared to the same regions in CCAR1, suggesting a continuously evolving scenario for DBC1. Overall, this study provides insight into the structure and evolution of DBC1 and CCAR1, which may impact future studies on the biological functions of these proteins.

scholarly journals Insight into skin cell-based osteogenesis: a review

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Tingliang Wang ◽  
Lian Zhu ◽  
Ming Pei
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Skin Cell ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Ample Supply ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Insight Into

For decades, researchers have been fascinated by the strategy of using cell therapy for bone defects; some progress in the field has been made. Owing to its ample supply and easy access, skin, the largest organ in the body, has gained attention as a potential source of stem cells. Despite extensive applications in skin and nerve regeneration, an increasing number of reports indicate its potential use in bone tissue engineering and regeneration. Unfortunately, few review articles are available to outline current research efforts in skin-based osteogenesis. This review first summarizes the latest findings on stem cells or progenitors in skin and their niches and then discusses the strategies of skin cell-based osteogenesis. We hope this article elucidates this topic and generates new ideas for future studies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document