Disharmony and the Final-Over-Final Condition in Amahuaca

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Emily Clem
Keyword(s):  
Inert Particles ◽  
Extended Projection

Abstract The Final-Over-Final Condition (FOFC) rules out head-final projections that immediately dominate head-initial projections. Syntactically inert particles are known to show (apparent) exceptions to FOFC. However, Biberauer (2017) argues that seemingly FOFC-violating particles are compliant with a version of FOFC that is relativized to heads within an extended projection (Biberauer, Holmberg, and Roberts 2014). I present novel data from Amahuaca (Panoan; Peru) in which FOFC is violated by TAM particles within the verbal extended projection. I argue that this FOFC violation cannot be explained by the mechanisms proposed by Biberauer (2017). Instead, a view of FOFC grounded in restrictions on rightward dependencies (Cecchetto 2013; Zeijlstra 2016) predicts the type of exception found in Amahuaca.

Multiple object positions and how to diagnose them

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieven Danckaert
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Phrase Structure ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Multiple Object ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Extended Projection ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Source Of Information

This chapter addresses the question of which syntactic environment constitutes the most reliable source of information on variable object placement in Latin. The relevance of this question is illustrated by showing that very different results are obtained when one compares the rate of VO in two different syntactic contexts, namely clauses with a single synthetic verb and clauses with a modal verb and a dependent infinitive. It is argued that the OV/VO alternation is best studied to clauses with more than one verb, as in such clauses, more object positions can be unambiguously identified. The final part of the chapter is devoted to the phrase structure analysis of clauses with the modals possum ‘be able’ and debeo ‘have to’. These structures are argued to constitute monoclausal domains, in which the modals are raising predicates that originate in functional heads in the extended projection of lexical verbs.

scholarly journals Phagolysosome formation in normal and colchicine-treated macrophages.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 903-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
E L Pesanti ◽  
S G Axline
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Inert Particles ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Over Time

Intracellular lysosomal fusion has been evaluated in cultivated mouse peritoneal macrophages by measurement of transfer of acid phosphatase to polyvinyltoluene (PVT)-containing phagolysosomes. Enzyme transfer was found to be directly and significantly related to the uptake of PVT and to be independent of time allowed for phagolysosome formation over time periods of 15 min to 18 h. In addition, the extent of transfer of lysosomal enzyme to phagolysosomes was unaffected by treatment of the cells with 10(-6) M colchicine, a dose which eradicates morphologically identifiable microtubules in this cell type within 2 h. The data indicate that intracellular fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes in the macrophage does not require formed microtubules and suggest that fusion occurs promptly after interiorization of inert particles.

An Extended Projection Neural Network for Constrained Optimization

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youshen Xia
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Variational Inequality ◽  
Parallel Implementation ◽  
Variational Inequality Problems ◽  
Extended Projection ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear Constraints ◽  
Lower Complexity ◽  
Monotone Variational Inequality ◽  
Projection Neural Network ◽  
Special Case

Recently, a projection neural network has been shown to be a promising computational model for solving variational inequality problems with box constraints. This letter presents an extended projection neural network for solving monotone variational inequality problems with linear and nonlinear constraints. In particular, the proposed neural network can include the projection neural network as a special case. Compared with the modified projection-type methods for solving constrained monotone variational inequality problems, the proposed neural network has a lower complexity and is suitable for parallel implementation. Furthermore, the proposed neural network is theoretically proven to be exponentially convergent to an exact solution without a Lipschitz condition. Illustrative examples show that the extended projection neural network can be used to solve constrained monotone variational inequality problems.

scholarly journals NP/DP Parameter and Classifier Languages: A Case of Magahi

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050005
Author(s):  
CHANDAN KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Functional Projection ◽  
Classifier Languages ◽  
Extended Projection

The paper presents the structural evidence for the existence of DP in the article-less language, Magahi. Article-less languages can be divided into two types: class languages and non-class languages. Most of the debate surrounding the treatment of article-less languages as DP/NP languages see only the binary distinction (article and non-article languages). In this paper, it is argued that the class-languages present richer structural evidences for the presence of the functional projection above NP. Along with presenting few structural evidences against the generalization presented by Bošković (2005), language-independent motivation for the functional projection like DP is also discussed. It is also argued that merit of the projection of the DP is also semantically justified. The argument that there can be various functional projections in the extended projection of NP weakens the strongest claim that article-less languages lack DP.

scholarly journals Drying of suspension and pastes in fluidized bed of inert particles

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 963-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeljko Grbavcic ◽  
Zorana Arsenijevic ◽  
Radmila Garic-Grulovic
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Inert Particles ◽  
Fluid Bed ◽  
Drying Efficiency

A fluid bed dryer with inert particles was used for the drying of suspensions and pastes. The effects of the operating conditions on the dryer throughput and on the product quality were investigated. Experiments were performed in a cylindrical column 215 mm in diameter and 1200 mm in height with 0.925 mm diameter glass spheres as the fluidizing media. Cineb fungicide, copper hydroxide and pure water were used as the feed material. With respect to the main efficiency criteria, i.e., specific water evaporation rate, specific heat consumption and specific air consumption, a fluid bed dryer with inert particles represents a very attractive alternative to other drying technologies. A high drying efficiency results from the large contact area and from the large temperature difference between the inlet and outlet air. A rapid mixing of the particles, due to aggregative fluidization and mechanical agitation, leads to nearly isothermal conditions throughout the bed. In our experiments, suspensions and very dense pastes were successfully treated. Suspension and product hold-up in the bed varies between 6 and 8 % by mass and a product with the same particle size as the raw material is obtained.

scholarly journals ‘Subject’ and EPP in Greek: The discontinuous subject hypothesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Philippaki-Warburton ◽  
Vassilios Spyropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
Extended Projection ◽  
Theoretical Advantage ◽  
Subject Agreement ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Definition Of

In the present study we examine the notion ‘subject’ in finite clauses in Greek, a null-subject language, and we investigate the connection between the rich morphological marking of subject-agreement on the verb and the definition of this notion. We propose that ‘subject’ in Greek should be analysed as a discontinuous element which consists of a null nominal element in the SpecTP position satisfying the Extended Projection Principle (EPP), associated with a pro at the relevant theta-position inside the VP. We argue that this analysis has not only the theoretical advantage of maintaining the universally strong value of EPP, but also, perhaps more importantly, the descriptive advantage of providing a satisfactory explanation for a number of apparent idiosyncrasies of Greek constructions.

scholarly journals The Examination of the Tissues and Some Observations on the Blood Platelets of Rabbits at Intervals of Five Minutes, and Later, after Intravenous Inoculations of Staphylococcus aureus and Indian Ink

1931 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard S. Dudgeon ◽  
H. K. Goadby
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colloidal Silver ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Inert Particles ◽  
Tissue Reactions ◽  
Lung Capillaries

1. The tissue reactions in rabbits from intravenous injections of live and dead Staphylococcus aureus and massive doses of indian ink and colloidal silver have been studied.2. Any particles injected into the circulation cause the accumulation of polymorphs in the lung capillaries.3. Inert colloidal particles such as indian ink are clumped in the capillaries of the lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys, and are phagocytosed by the endothelial cells.4. Staphylococci (S. aureus), live or dead, are nearly all held up in the lungs, where they are actively phagocytosed by the polymorphs within 5 minutes of an intravenous injection.5. Subsequently the cocci are distributed to the other organs, where phagocytosis continues mainly by polymorphs, but in the liver also by the Kupfer cells.6. Special attention is drawn to the localisation of the cocci in certain areas in the kidneys.7. Platelet counting on animals injected with various substances showed that there is an agglomeration of the particles with the platelets, which are consequently removed from the circulation.8. In the case of the inert particles the platelets are then restored to the circulation. With organisms (S. aureus) some of the platelets appear to be completely removed from the blood together with the bacteria.

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