High-accuracy individual identification using a “thin slice” of the functional connectome

Connectome fingerprinting—a method that uses many thousands of functional connections in aggregate to identify individuals—holds promise for individualized neuroimaging. A better characterization of the features underlying successful fingerprinting performance—how many and which functional connections are necessary and/or sufficient for high accuracy—will further inform our understanding of uniqueness in brain functioning. Thus, here we examine the limits of high-accuracy individual identification from functional connectomes. Using ∼3,300 scans from the Human Connectome Project in a split-half design and an independent replication sample, we find that a remarkably small “thin slice” of the connectome—as few as 40 out of 64,620 functional connections—was sufficient to uniquely identify individuals. Yet, we find that no specific connections or even specific networks were necessary for identification, as even small random samples of the connectome were sufficient. These results have important conceptual and practical implications for the manifestation and detection of uniqueness in the brain.

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Individual Uniqueness in the Neonatal Functional Connectome

Cerebral Cortex ◽

10.1093/cercor/bhab041 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qiushi Wang ◽

Yuehua Xu ◽

Tengda Zhao ◽

Zhilei Xu ◽

Yong He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Individual Identification ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Functional Connectome ◽

Middle Range ◽

Human Connectome Project ◽

The Individual ◽

And Behavior ◽

Identification Analysis ◽

The Brain

Abstract The functional connectome is highly distinctive in adults and adolescents, underlying individual differences in cognition and behavior. However, it remains unknown whether the individual uniqueness of the functional connectome is present in neonates, who are far from mature. Here, we utilized the multiband resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 40 healthy neonates from the Developing Human Connectome Project and a split-half analysis approach to characterize the uniqueness of the functional connectome in the neonatal brain. Through functional connectome-based individual identification analysis, we found that all the neonates were correctly identified, with the most discriminative regions predominantly confined to the higher-order cortices (e.g., prefrontal and parietal regions). The connectivities with the highest contributions to individual uniqueness were primarily located between different functional systems, and the short- (0–30 mm) and middle-range (30–60 mm) connectivities were more distinctive than the long-range (>60 mm) connectivities. Interestingly, we found that functional data with a scanning length longer than 3.5 min were able to capture the individual uniqueness in the functional connectome. Our results highlight that individual uniqueness is present in the functional connectome of neonates and provide insights into the brain mechanisms underlying individual differences in cognition and behavior later in life.

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Ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate as a biomarker of aggression

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84635-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. M. Whipp ◽

E. Vuoksimaa ◽

T. Korhonen ◽

R. Pool ◽

A. But ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Ketone Body ◽

Ketone Bodies ◽

Population Based ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Complex Behaviour ◽

Replication Sample ◽

Discovery Sample ◽

Independent Replication

AbstractHuman aggression is a complex behaviour, the biological underpinnings of which remain poorly known. To gain insights into aggression biology, we studied relationships with aggression of 11 low-molecular-weight metabolites (amino acids, ketone bodies), processed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used a discovery sample of young adults and an independent adult replication sample. We studied 725 young adults from a population-based Finnish twin cohort born 1983–1987, with aggression levels rated in adolescence (ages 12, 14, 17) by multiple raters and blood plasma samples at age 22. Linear regression models specified metabolites as the response variable and aggression ratings as predictor variables, and included several potential confounders. All metabolites showed low correlations with aggression, with only one—3-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body produced during fasting—showing significant (negative) associations with aggression. Effect sizes for different raters were generally similar in magnitude, while teacher-rated (age 12) and self-rated (age 14) aggression were both significant predictors of 3-hydroxybutyrate in multi-rater models. In an independent replication sample of 960 adults from the Netherlands Twin Register, higher aggression (self-rated) was also related to lower levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate. These exploratory epidemiologic results warrant further studies on the role of ketone metabolism in aggression.

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HIV Infection Is Associated with Attenuated Frontostriatal Intrinsic Connectivity: A Preliminary Study

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617715000156 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 203-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Jonathan C. Ipser ◽

Gregory G. Brown ◽

Amanda Bischoff-Grethe ◽

Colm G. Connolly ◽

Ronald J. Ellis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Group Differences ◽

Hiv Rna ◽

Functional Connections ◽

Intrinsic Connectivity ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

Independent Replication ◽

Subcortical Regions ◽

The Brain

AbstractHIV-associated cognitive impairments are prevalent, and are consistent with injury to both frontal cortical and subcortical regions of the brain. The current study aimed to assess the association of HIV infection with functional connections within the frontostriatal network, circuitry hypothesized to be highly vulnerable to HIV infection. Fifteen HIV-positive and 15 demographically matched control participants underwent 6 min of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). Multivariate group comparisons of age-adjusted estimates of connectivity within the frontostriatal network were derived from BOLD data for dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsal caudate and mediodorsal thalamic regions of interest. Whole-brain comparisons of group differences in frontostriatal connectivity were conducted, as were pairwise tests of connectivity associations with measures of global cognitive functioning and clinical and immunological characteristics (nadir and current CD4 count, duration of HIV infection, plasma HIV RNA). HIV – associated reductions in connectivity were observed between the DLPFC and the dorsal caudate, particularly in younger participants (<50 years, N=9). Seropositive participants also demonstrated reductions in dorsal caudate connectivity to frontal and parietal brain regions previously demonstrated to be functionally connected to the DLPFC. Cognitive impairment, but none of the assessed clinical/immunological variables, was also associated with reduced frontostriatal connectivity. In conclusion, our data indicate that HIV is associated with attenuated intrinsic frontostriatal connectivity. Intrinsic connectivity of this network may therefore serve as a marker of the deleterious effects of HIV infection on the brain, possibly via HIV-associated dopaminergic abnormalities. These findings warrant independent replication in larger studies. (JINS, 2015, 21, 1–11)

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PMD Characterization of a Dispersion Managed Link up to the Second-order with High Accuracy

Optical and Quantum Electronics ◽

10.1007/s11082-006-0001-1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 575-582

Author(s):

O. M. Diaz ◽

J. Prat ◽

I. Tafur Monroy ◽

H. de Waardt

Keyword(s):

High Accuracy ◽

Second Order

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Characterization of a high power and high accuracy integrating sphere radiometer for fiber applications

Technical Digest: Symposium on Optical Fiber Measurements, 2004. ◽

10.1109/sofm.2004.183495 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

P. Corredera ◽

M.L. Hernanz ◽

M. Gonzalez-Herraez ◽

S. Martin-Lopez ◽

A. Carrasco-Sanz

Keyword(s):

High Power ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Integrating Sphere

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Fabrication and characterization of porous WO3 thin film as a high accuracy cyclohexene sensor

Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing ◽

10.1016/j.mssp.2020.105220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 118 ◽

pp. 105220

Author(s):

K. Khojier ◽

S. Zolghadr ◽

F. Teimoori ◽

S. Goudarzi

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Fabrication And Characterization

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SpyCLIP: an easy-to-use and high-throughput compatible CLIP platform for the characterization of protein–RNA interactions with high accuracy

Nucleic Acids Research ◽

10.1093/nar/gkz049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. e33-e33 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ya Zhao ◽

Yao Zhang ◽

Yilan Teng ◽

Kai Liu ◽

Yanqing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Throughput ◽

High Accuracy

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Dynamic characterization of beating sinusoidal wave oscillations in a thin-slice solid-state laser with coupled orthogonally polarized transverse modes

Laser Physics Letters ◽

10.1088/1612-202x/ab5573 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 125001

Author(s):

Kenju Otsuka

Keyword(s):

Solid State ◽

Solid State Laser ◽

Sinusoidal Wave ◽

Dynamic Characterization ◽

State Laser ◽

Thin Slice ◽

Transverse Modes

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Frequency-dependent circuits anchored in the dorsal and ventral left anterior insula

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-73192-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yifeng Wang ◽

Qijun Zou ◽

Yujia Ao ◽

Yang Liu ◽

Yujie Ouyang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Organization ◽

Functional Integration ◽

Anterior Insula ◽

Frequency Effect ◽

Frequency Dependent ◽

Functional Connections ◽

Human Connectome Project ◽

Cognitive Neurosciences ◽

The Right

Abstract The hub role of the right anterior insula (AI) has been emphasized in cognitive neurosciences and been demonstrated to be frequency-dependently organized. However, the functional organization of left AI (LAI) has not been systematically investigated. Here we used 100 unrelated datasets from the Human Connectome Project to study the frequency-dependent organization of LAI along slow 6 to slow 1 bands. The broadband functional connectivity of LAI was similar to previous findings. In slow 6-slow 3 bands, both dorsal and ventral seeds in LAI were correlated to the salience network (SN) and language network (LN) and anti-correlated to the default mode network (DMN). However, these seeds were only correlated to the LAI in slow 2-slow 1 bands. These findings indicate that broadband and narrow band functional connections reflect different functional organizations of the LAI. Furthermore, the dorsal seed had a stronger connection with the LN and anti-correlation with DMN while the ventral seed had a stronger connection within the SN in slow 6-slow 3 bands. In slow 2-slow 1 bands, both seeds had stronger connections with themselves. These observations indicate distinctive functional organizations for the two parts of LAI. Significant frequency effect and frequency by seed interaction were also found, suggesting different frequency characteristics of these two seeds. The functional integration and functional segregation of LDAI and LVAI were further supported by their cognitive associations. The frequency- and seed-dependent functional organizations of LAI may enlighten future clinical and cognitive investigations.

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