scholarly journals Ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate as a biomarker of aggression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Whipp ◽  
E. Vuoksimaa ◽  
T. Korhonen ◽  
R. Pool ◽  
A. But ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Replication Sample ◽  
Discovery Sample ◽  
Independent Replication

AbstractHuman aggression is a complex behaviour, the biological underpinnings of which remain poorly known. To gain insights into aggression biology, we studied relationships with aggression of 11 low-molecular-weight metabolites (amino acids, ketone bodies), processed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used a discovery sample of young adults and an independent adult replication sample. We studied 725 young adults from a population-based Finnish twin cohort born 1983–1987, with aggression levels rated in adolescence (ages 12, 14, 17) by multiple raters and blood plasma samples at age 22. Linear regression models specified metabolites as the response variable and aggression ratings as predictor variables, and included several potential confounders. All metabolites showed low correlations with aggression, with only one—3-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body produced during fasting—showing significant (negative) associations with aggression. Effect sizes for different raters were generally similar in magnitude, while teacher-rated (age 12) and self-rated (age 14) aggression were both significant predictors of 3-hydroxybutyrate in multi-rater models. In an independent replication sample of 960 adults from the Netherlands Twin Register, higher aggression (self-rated) was also related to lower levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate. These exploratory epidemiologic results warrant further studies on the role of ketone metabolism in aggression.

scholarly journals Ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate: a biomarker of aggression?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
alyce m whipp ◽  
eero vuoksimaa ◽  
tellervo korhonen ◽  
rene pool ◽  
lannie ligthart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Replication Sample ◽  
Discovery Sample ◽  
Independent Replication

Human aggression is a complex behavior, the biological underpinnings of which remain poorly known. To gain insights into aggression biology, we studied relationships with aggression of 11 low-molecular-weight metabolites (amino acids, ketone bodies), processed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used a discovery sample of young adults and an independent adult replication sample. We studied 725 young adults from a population-based Finnish twin cohort born 1983-87, with aggression levels rated in adolescence (ages 12, 14, 17) by multiple raters and blood plasma samples at age 22. Linear regression models specified metabolites as the dependent and aggression ratings as independent variables, and included several fixed effects. All metabolites showed low correlations with aggression, with only one - 3-hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body produced during fasting - showing significant (negative) associations with aggression. Effect sizes for different raters were generally similar in magnitude, while teacher-rated (age 12) and self-rated aggression (age 14) were both significant predictors of 3-hydroxybutyrate in multi-rater models. In an independent replication sample of 960 adults from the Netherlands Twin Register, higher self-rated aggression was also related to lower levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate. These exploratory epidemiologic results warrant further studies on the role of ketone metabolism in aggression.

scholarly journals Weak Association Between the Glutamate Decarboxylase 1 Gene (GAD1) and Schizophrenia in Han Chinese Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luwen Zhang ◽  
Zhen Li ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Minglong Shao ◽  
Fuping Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Replication Sample ◽  
Han Chinese Population ◽  
Discovery Sample ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Independent Replication

ObjectivesSchizophrenia (SZ) is a complex psychiatric disorder with high heritability, and genetic components are thought to be pivotal risk factors for this illness. The glutamate decarboxylase 1 gene (GAD1) was hypothesized to be a candidate risk locus for SZ given its crucial role in the GABAergic neurotransmission system, and previous studies have examined the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning the GAD1 gene with SZ. However, inconsistent results were obtained. We hence examined the associations between GAD1 SNPs and SZ in two independent case-control samples of Han Chinese ancestry.Materials and MethodsTwo Han Chinese SZ case-control samples, referred as the discovery sample and the replication sample, respectively, were recruited for the current study. The discovery sample comprised of 528 paranoid SZ cases (with age of first onset ≥ 18) and 528 healthy controls; the independent replication sample contained 1,256 early onset SZ cases (with age of first onset < 18) and 2,661 healthy controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between GAD1 SNPs and SZ.ResultsTen SNPs covering GAD1 gene were analyzed in the discovery sample, and two SNPs showed nominal associations with SZ (rs2241165, P = 0.0181, OR = 1.261; rs2241164, P = 0.0225, OR = 1.219). SNP rs2241164 was also nominally significant in the independent replication sample (P = 0.0462, OR = 1.110), and the significance became stronger in a subsequent meta-analysis combining both discovery and replication samples (P = 0.00398, OR = 1.138). Nevertheless, such association could not survive multiple corrections, although the effect size of rs2241164 was comparable with other SZ risk loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Han Chinese population. We also examined the associations between GAD1 SNPs and SZ in published datasets of SZ GWAS in East Asians and Europeans, and no significant associations were observed.ConclusionWe observed weak associations between GAD1 SNPs and risk of SZ in Han Chinese populations. Further analyses in larger Han Chinese samples with more detailed phenotyping are necessary to elucidate the genetic correlation between GAD1 SNPs and SZ.

Effect of acute hyperketonemia on the cerebral uptake of ketone bodies in nondiabetic subjects and IDDM patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. E20-E28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Blomqvist ◽  
M. Alvarsson ◽  
V. Grill ◽  
G. Von Heijne ◽  
M. Ingvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain

Using R-β-[1-11C]hydroxybutyrate and positron emission tomography, we studied the effect of acute hyperketonemia (range 0.7–1.7 μmol/ml) on cerebral ketone body utilization in six nondiabetic subjects and six insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients with average metabolic control (HbA1c = 8.1 ± 1.7%). An infusion of unlabeled R-β-hydroxybutyrate was started 1 h before the bolus injection of R-β-[1-11C]hydroxybutyrate. The time course of the radioactivity in the brain was measured during 10 min. For both groups, the utilization rate of ketone bodies was found to increase nearly proportionally with the plasma concentration of ketone bodies (1.0 ± 0.3 μmol/ml for nondiabetic subjects and 1.3 ± 0.3 μmol/ml for IDDM patients). No transport of ketone bodies from the brain could be detected. This result, together with a recent study of the tissue concentration of R-β-hydroxybutyrate in the brain by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, indicate that, also at acute hyperketonemia, the rate-limiting step for ketone body utilization is the transport into the brain. No significant difference in transport and utilization of ketone bodies could be detected between the nondiabetic subjects and the IDDM patients.

scholarly journals Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration with Pulmonary Function in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanda Craveiro ◽  
Maria Cabral ◽  
Joana Araújo ◽  
Helena Falcão ◽  
João Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

The role of vitamin D on pulmonary function is unclear and is mostly studied in patients, smokers and elderly people. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and pulmonary function in young adults. Cross-sectional analysis of 499 individuals that were evaluated at 21 years of age as part of the population-based cohort Epidemiological Health Investigation of Teenagers in Porto (EPITeen). Serum 25(OH)D was categorized according to the Institute of Medicine. Pulmonary function was evaluated using spirometry. Linear regression models were used to estimate the regression coefficients (β) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and were adjusted for confounders. Education, smoking, body mass index, and season of evaluation were determinants of serum 25(OH)D concentration. Prevalence of serum 25(OH)D concentration <50 nmol/L was 48.9%. A decrease in all pulmonary function parameters, with the decrease of serum 25(OH)D, was observed. The higher effect was found for peak expiratory flow (PEF). Having as reference participants with serum 25(OH)D concentration ≥50 nmol/L, PEF was significantly lower for those with a concentration of 30 to <50 nmol/L (β= −0.576; 95% CI: −0.943, −0.210), and for those with a concentration of <30 nmol/L (β= −0.650; 95% CI: −1.155, −0.146). Although only PEF attained statistical significance, the consistent results with the other parameters support the role of serum 25(OH)D to promote better pulmonary function in young adults.

scholarly journals Young adults’ perceptions of living with atopic dermatitis in relation to the concept of self-management: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e044777
Author(s):  
Susanne Lundin ◽  
Marina Jonsson ◽  
Carl-Fredrik Wahlgren ◽  
Emma Johansson ◽  
Anna Bergstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Management ◽  
School Age ◽  
Perceived Availability ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

ObjectivesLearning to take control of one’s health is an important part of the transition from adolescence to adulthood. This study aimed to explore young adults’ perceptions of living with atopic dermatitis (AD) in relation to the concept of self-management.DesignA qualitative study with an inductive approach was performed through semistructured interviews (n=15). The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed with systematic text condensation.ParticipantsYoung adults (mean age 23,4 years) with persistent AD in a longitudinal population-based birth cohort. To capture experience of living with persistent AD (preschool/school-age onset) of different severity (mild to severe/very severe), a purposive selection was performed. In total, 15 young adults were included. Persistent AD (preschool/school-age onset) was defined as dry skin in combination with itchy rash of typical localisation in the 12 months preceding the 16-year and the 24-year follow-ups. Severity was self-assessed using the Patient Oriented Eczema Measure.ResultsDespite having experience of AD since childhood, the respondents expressed uncertainty about treatment and how it affected their bodies. Their uncertainties and feelings affected how they used topical corticosteroids. The respondents emphasised that they perceived availability of healthcare and knowledge about treatment of AD among healthcare providers to be limited. The participants did not state any experiences of support to self-management from healthcare, which affect young adults’ possibilities to take full control of their AD care.ConclusionsYoung adults with preschool/school-age onset of AD are unsure how to treat and manage the disease. One explanation may be insufficient transition process.

Anal Intercourse among Heterosexual Young Adults: A Population-Based Survey in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marion Meuwly ◽  
Diane Auderset ◽  
Sophie Stadelmann ◽  
Joan-Carles Suris ◽  
Yara Barrense-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Survey

scholarly journals Starchy Vegetables and Metabolic Syndrome in Costa Rica

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1639
Author(s):  
Zhongyao Li ◽  
Dongqing Wang ◽  
Edward A. Ruiz-Narváez ◽  
Karen E. Peterson ◽  
Hannia Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional

Only a few studies primarily examined the associations between starchy vegetables (other than potatoes) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to evaluate the association between starchy vegetables consumption and MetS in a population-based sample of Costa Rican adults. We hypothesized that a higher overall intake of starchy vegetables would not be associated with higher MetS prevalence. In this cross-sectional study, log-binomial regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) of MetS across quintiles of total, unhealthy, healthy starchy vegetables, and individual starchy vegetables (potatoes, purple sweet potatoes, etc.), among 1881 Costa Rican adults. Least square means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from linear regression models were estimated for each MetS component by categories of starchy vegetable variables. Higher intakes of starchy vegetables were associated with a higher prevalence of MetS in crude models, but no significant trends were observed after adjusting for confounders. A significant inverse association was observed between total starchy and healthy starchy vegetables consumption and fasting blood glucose. In this population, starchy vegetables might be part of a healthy dietary pattern.

scholarly journals Sex-specific associations of ceramides with cardiopulmonary fitness in the general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Zatloukal ◽  
MRP Markus ◽  
R Ewert ◽  
S Glaeser ◽  
N Friedrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): German Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) Introduction According to the WHO 17.9 million people die because of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) each year, being the 3rd leading cause of death worldwide. Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important risk factor for CVD. Recent research showed that long-chain unsaturated ceramides are associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events, thus identifying ceramides as a potential novel and independent risk factor. However, not all ceramides are equal. We previously showed beneficial effects of very-long-chain ceramides (i.e. C24:0 and C24:0/C16:0 ratio) with higher concentrations being inversely associated with all-cause mortality and CVD events. Purpose We would like to investigate, if ceramides mediated their effects on developing CVD by affecting CRF. Therefore, we explored the association of three specific ceramides (C16:0, C22:0 and C24:0) and their ratios with different parameters of CRF. Methods We used data of the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-1) from North Germany (N: 1,247/men: 583, median age: 50.8 years/women: 664, median age: 50.2 years). Ceramides and CRF were assessed by LC/MS assay and symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing, respectively. VO2peak, VO2@AT, Wmax and respective indexing per kg body weight were used as outcomes. We used sex-stratified, multiple adjusted linear regression models. Participants with asthma, chronic lung disease, LVEF &lt; 40% and cancer were excluded. Results In men, a 1-unit higher C24:0/C16:0 ratio was associated with higher VO2peak/kg (0.199 ml/min/kg [95% CI: 0.032, 0.365], P = 0.019), Wmax (1.368 W [0.033, 2.404], P = 0.010) and Wmax/kg (0.018 W/kg [0.007, 0.029], P = 0.002). In addition, a 1 µg/ml higher C24:0 concentration was related to greater Wmax/kg (0.054 W/kg [0.009, 0.099], P = 0.018). In women, a 1-unit greater C24:0/C16:0 ratio was associated with greater VO2peak (8.603 ml/min [0.019, 17.013], P = 0.045), VO2peak/kg (0.186 ml/min/kg [0.054, 0.319], P = 0.006), VO2@AT/kg (0.136 ml/min/kg [0.040, 0.231], P = 0.005) as well as higher Wmax/kg (0.015 W/kg [0.004, 0.026], P = 0.007). Furthermore, a 1 µg/ml higher C16:0 concentration was related to lower Wmax (-55.447 W [-101.775, -9.119], P = 0.019) and Wmax/kg (-0.736 W/kg [-1.341, -0.130], P = 0.017). Conclusions We report sex-specific associations between ceramides and CRF. In women, C24:0/C16:0 ratio was associated with more CRF parameters than in men. Furthermore, the single species C16:0 was significantly associated with lower maximal power in women only, whereas in men the single species C24:0 was significantly associated with higher maximal power. The positive association of the C24:0/C16:0 ratio with maximal CRF capacity is in agreement with previous findings of beneficial effects on the risk for CVD events and mortality. Future studies should explore the reason for different sex-specific ceramide profiles and whether ceramides are causally mediating their effects on CVD through CRF.

scholarly journals DNA methylation and lipid metabolism: an EWAS of 226 metabolic measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica del C. Gomez-Alonso ◽  
Anja Kretschmer ◽  
Rory Wilson ◽  
Liliane Pfeiffer ◽  
Ville Karhunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Cpg Sites ◽  
Gene Transcripts

Abstract Background The discovery of robust and trans-ethnically replicated DNA methylation markers of metabolic phenotypes, has hinted at a potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in lipid metabolism. However, DNA methylation and the lipid compositions and lipid concentrations of lipoprotein sizes have been scarcely studied. Here, we present an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) (N = 5414 total) of mostly lipid-related metabolic measures, including a fine profiling of lipoproteins. As lipoproteins are the main players in the different stages of lipid metabolism, examination of epigenetic markers of detailed lipoprotein features might improve the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of metabolic disturbances. Results We conducted an EWAS of leukocyte DNA methylation and 226 metabolic measurements determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the population-based KORA F4 study (N = 1662) and replicated the results in the LOLIPOP, NFBC1966, and YFS cohorts (N = 3752). Follow-up analyses in the discovery cohort included investigations into gene transcripts, metabolic-measure ratios for pathway analysis, and disease endpoints. We identified 161 associations (p value < 4.7 × 10−10), covering 16 CpG sites at 11 loci and 57 metabolic measures. Identified metabolic measures were primarily medium and small lipoproteins, and fatty acids. For apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, the associations mainly involved triglyceride composition and concentrations of cholesterol esters, triglycerides, free cholesterol, and phospholipids. All associations for HDL lipoproteins involved triglyceride measures only. Associated metabolic measure ratios, proxies of enzymatic activity, highlight amino acid, glucose, and lipid pathways as being potentially epigenetically implicated. Five CpG sites in four genes were associated with differential expression of transcripts in blood or adipose tissue. CpG sites in ABCG1 and PHGDH showed associations with metabolic measures, gene transcription, and metabolic measure ratios and were additionally linked to obesity or previous myocardial infarction, extending previously reported observations. Conclusion Our study provides evidence of a link between DNA methylation and the lipid compositions and lipid concentrations of different lipoprotein size subclasses, thus offering in-depth insights into well-known associations of DNA methylation with total serum lipids. The results support detailed profiling of lipid metabolism to improve the molecular understanding of dyslipidemia and related disease mechanisms.

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