No-tillage Agriculture of Korean-Type on Recycled Ridge I. Changes in Physical Properties :Soil Crack, Penetration Resistance, Drainage, and Capacity to Retain Water at Plastic Film Greenhouse Soil by Different Tillage System

Analyzing the soil near crop roots may reveal limitations to growth and yield even in a no-tillage system. The purpose of the present study was to relate the chemical and physical properties of soil under a no-tillage system to soybean root growth and plant yield after five years of use of different types of limestone and forms of application. A clayey Oxisol received application of dolomitic and calcitic limestones and their 1:1 combination in two forms: surface application, maintained on the soil surface; and incorporated, applied on the surface and incorporated mechanically. Soil physical properties (resistance to mechanical penetration, soil bulk density and soil aggregation), soil chemical properties (pH, exchangeable cations, H+Al, and cation exchange capacity) and plant parameters (root growth system, soybean grain yield, and oat dry matter production) were evaluated five years after setting up the experiment. Incorporation of lime neutralized exchangeable Al up to a depth of 20 cm without affecting the soil physical properties. The soybean root system reached depths of 40 cm or more with incorporated limestone, increasing grain yield an average of 31 % in relation to surface application, which limited the effect of lime up to a depth of 5 cm and root growth up to 20 cm. It was concluded that incorporation of limestone at the beginning of a no-tillage system ensures a favorable environment for root growth and soybean yield, while this intervention does not show long-term effects on soil physical properties under no-tillage. This suggests that there is resilience in the physical properties evaluated.

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EFEITO DE RESÍDUOS VEGETAIS DE MILHETO (Pennisetum americanum) E DA CALAGEM EM ALGUMAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS E QUÍMICAS DE UM NITOSSOLO VERMELHO EM SISTEMA DE SEMEADURA DIRETA

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2006v11n3p293-304 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 293-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristiano Coneglian ◽

Maria Helena Moraes

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Average Weight ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soil Density ◽

Pennisetum Americanum ◽

Tillage System

EFEITO DE RESÍDUOS VEGETAIS DE MILHETO (Pennisetum americanum) E DA CALAGEM EM ALGUMAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS E QUÍMICAS DE UM NITOSSOLO VERMELHO EM SISTEMA DE SEMEADURA DIRETA Cristiano Coneglian1; Maria Helena Moraes21Casa da Agricultura, Prefeitura Municipal de Lençóis Paulista, Lençóis Paulista, [email protected] de Recursos Naturais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu-SP 1 RESUMO As alterações nas características físicas no perfil de um Nitossolo Vermelho Distroférrico, em função da presença da cobertura vegetal de milheto (Pennisetum americanum) com e sem calagem superficial, em sistema de semeadura direta, foram estudadas em experimento conduzido nos anos agrícolas de 1999/2000 e 2000/2001, utilizando-se soja e milho para compor a sucessão de culturas programada. As parcelas de 6 m x 10 m foram constituídas de milheto (Pennisetum americanum) e sem milheto como vegetação de cobertura, com uma única aplicação superficial inicial de 3,1 t ha-1 de calcário na metade de cada parcela, visando obter saturação por bases (V) de 70%, após dessecação do milheto. Foram analisadas algumas propriedades físicas como a densidade do solo, a estabilidade dos agregados, a proporção de agregados >2 mm, a macro e a microporosidade, e as propriedades químicas que constaram dos macronutrientes Ca e Mg, matéria orgânica, pH do solo e H+Al. Os resíduos vegetais de milheto e a calagem superficial não alteraram a densidade do solo, o diâmetro médio ponderado - DMP, os agregados > 2 mm, a macroporosidade e os teores de matéria orgânica do solo, vinte e quatro meses após a implantação do sistema de semeadura direta, para as condições experimentais estudadas. A microporosidade do solo foi afetada significativamente nas camadas inferiores a0,20 m, no tratamento milheto com calcário. Os teores de cálcio, magnésio e H + Al e os valores de pH do solo sofreram alterações significativas na camada superficial entre 0‑0,05 m. UNITERMOS: densidade do solo, porosidade, estabilidade de agregados, cálcio, milheto, plantio direto. CONEGLIAN, C.; MORAES, M.H. EFFECT OF MILLET RESIDUES (Pennisetum americanum) AND LIMING ON SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DISTROFERRIC RED NITOSOL IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM 2 ABSTRACT This work studied alterations of physical properties of a distroferric red nitosol due to millet (Pennisetum americanum) covering, with or without liming, in a no-tillage system during the agricultural years of 1999/2000 and 2000/2001, using soybean and corn as culture succession. 6mx10m plots, with and without millet as vegetal covering, received only one initial superficial application of limestone, 3.1 t ha-1 in the first half of each plot in order to obtain 70% base saturation (V), after the desiccation of the millet. Some physical properties as soil density, aggregate stability, > 2 mm aggregate proportion, macro and micro porosity were analyzed whereas the chemical analysis determined Ca and Mg macro nutrients, organic matter, soil pH and H+Al. Millet vegetal residues and surface liming did not alter soil density nor the average weight diameter (AWD), > 2 mm aggregate, soil macro porosity and organic matter content, twenty-four months after the no-tillage system implantation for studied experimental conditions. Soil micro porosity was significantly affected in layers deeper than 0.20 m, in treatment with millet and limestone. Calcium, magnesium and H + Al contents and the soil pH values suffered significant alterations in superficial layer, between 0‑0.05 m. KEYWORDS: soil density, porosity, aggregate stability, calcium, millet, no-tillage system.

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ALTERAÇÕES DE PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DE UM NITOSSOLO VERMELHO PELA SUCESSÃO MILHETO – SOJA NA FASE DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE SEMEADURA DIRETA

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2007v12n3p409-421 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 409-421

Author(s):

Sandro Roberto Brancalião ◽

Maria Helena Moraes ◽

Leandro Borges Lemos

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Dry Mass ◽

No Tillage ◽

Mean Weight Diameter ◽

Tillage System ◽

System 2 ◽

Glycine Max L

ALTERAÇÕES DE PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DE UM NITOSSOLO VERMELHO PELA SUCESSÃO MILHETO – SOJA NA FASE DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE SEMEADURA DIRETA Sandro Roberto Brancalião1; Maria Helena Moraes2; Leandro Borges Lemos31Centro de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, SP, [email protected] 2Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP.3Departamento de Produção Vegetal – Agricultura, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 1 RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência da cultura do milheto, em três épocas de semeadura e sob cinco manejos da fitomassa, na produtividade da soja e nas propriedades físicas de um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico (densidade, porosidade total, diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados e grau de floculação do solo). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. A época foi representada por parcelas de semeadura da cultura do milheto (E1, E2, E3) e o manejo, como subparcelas, por manejos de ceifa da fitomassa, a saber: M1- a cada florescimento e retirada da fitomassa; M2 – a cada florescimento e permanência da fitomassa; M3-no único florescimento e retirada da fitomassa; M4 – no único florescimento e permanência da fitomassa; e M5 – livre crescimento. Foram coletadas amostras de solo para realização das análises físicas e químicas, estratificadas em 0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m de profundidade. Avaliou-se, também, a produção de massa de matéria seca pelo milheto e a produtividade da soja. A E2 apresentou melhor qualidade física do solo. A E3 resultou em menores valores de grau de floculação e de diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados. A E3 apresentou menor produção de fitomassa do milheto. UNITERMOS: manejo do solo, propriedades físicas, planta de cobertura, semeadura direta, Glycine max. (L.) Merrill, Pennisetum glaucum. BRANCALIÃO, S.R.; MORAES, M.H.; LEMOS, L.B.CHANGES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A “NITOSSOLO VERMELHO” BY MILLET – SOYBEAN SUCCESSION AT IMPLANTATION PHASE IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM 2 ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a millet-soybean rotation, during the implantation phase of no-tillage system on the physical properties of a “Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico” and the dry mass production of millet and the productivity of soybean. The experimental design used was a randomized blocks, in a split splot arrangement, with four replications. The parcels was constituted by three sowings (E1, E2and E3) and the subparcels was constituted by harvests, where each harvest handling was: M1 – harvest each blooming and covering withdrawal; M2 - harvest each blooming and covering permanency; M3 – only in the first harvest on blooming and covering withdrawal; M4 - only in the first harvest on blooming and covering permanency, and M5– free growing, with no harvest. Samples were collected from three soil layers: 0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 and 0,10-0,20 m. The E2 showed smaller values of soil density and larger values of total porosity. The E3 resulted in smaller values of flocculation degree and mean weight diameter of the aggregates. The E3showed smaller production of dry mass. KEYWORDS: soil management, physical properties, cover crop, no-tillage, soybean, Pennisetum glaucum.

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Implications of agricultural management on the epigeic fauna and soil physical properties of a clayey Oxisol

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201865050009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 443-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lidiane Martins da Costa ◽

Marta Sandra Drescher

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Crop Production ◽

Species Abundance ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

No Tillage ◽

Pampa Biome ◽

Tillage System

ABSTRACT The intensive use of land based on non-conservation practices contributes to the reduction of soil quality. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of farming systems on clayey Oxisol in the northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul on the epigeic fauna and on the soil physical properties. The treatments were composed of land use with Native field, Pasture, Transition, Crop and livestock integration, No-tillage and No-tillage system. The epigeic fauna was evaluated by the installation of seven traps per treatment. The physical properties of density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity and soil resistance to penetration were evaluated in samples with undisturbed structure at the 0- 0.07, 0.07-0.15 and 0.15- 0.22m depths, with four replicates. The results indicated that land use only for crop production reduced the abundance of organisms in comparison to the crop-livestock integration. The conversion of the Pampa Biome to the crop system altered its soil physical and biological properties with the transition area presenting intermediate characteristics to both environments. Grazing in the remaining areas of the Pampa Biome, without native field improvement strategies, reduced species abundance and richness. No-tillage and No-tillage system promoted the compaction of the 0.07 -0.15 m layer in a clayey Oxisol.

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Soybean Yield, Soil Porosity and Soil Penetration Resistance under Mechanical Scarification in No-Tillage System

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n4p268 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 268 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edleusa Pereira Seidel ◽

Ana Paula Heck Schneider ◽

Monica Carolina Sustakowski ◽

Lucas Murakami Matté ◽

Marcos Cesar Mottin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Management Practices ◽

Technological Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Penetration Resistance ◽

Steady Increase ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soybean Production ◽

Soil Penetration Resistance ◽

Tillage System

Technological development has triggered a steady increase in Brazilian agricultural production, but also brought problems due to the excessive land use. The lack of care with proper management practices has led to soil physical degradation, mainly the formation of impermeable layers, which can lead to a reverse effect, a reduction in crop yield. It can be potentiated in silage production and with the lack of cover crops. To minimize the negative impacts of soil compaction, scarification is recommended, but its effectiveness has been questioned in no-tillage system. Thus, an experimental field was implemented in Brazil in 2015-2016 season, to evaluate the mechanical scarification on soybean production in succession to silage and grain corn intercropped with Brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis) as well as the physical properties of the soil. The experimental layout was a complete randomized block design with four replications. The plots were composed of second crop maize (autumn) intercropped with brachiaria, in two systems: silage and dry grains. The subplots were composed of three management system: no-tillage, reduced tillage cultivation with Terrus scarifier and Fox scarifier. Corn harvesting systems as well the scarifiers use did not affect soybean production and its yield components. The use of scarifiers reduced soil coverage, plant population, and soil penetration resistance. The data suggest that there was no persistence in the benefits presented by scarification. Soybean was able to break through the compacted layers, even above the critical level, corroborating with the hypothesis that the use of scarifiers does not bring benefits in no-tillage system.

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