Mapping Soil Productivity Index on Plantation Land in ATP Jatikerto, Kromengan District, Malang Regency

It is feared that the decline in productivity of plantation crops in Malang Regency, so it is necessary to analyze the soil productivity index at ATP Jatikerto as one of the locations for producing plantation plants. This soil productivity index assessment was presented in the form of a map to make it easier to see the distribution pattern of soil productivity in ATP Jatikerto. The results of the calculation of the productivity index showed that the land potential varied from land with poor to sufficient criteria, namely maize land with an IP (Productivity Index) of 43.27, which is included in the bad IP criteria. In coffee, cocoa, sugarcane, papaya, and citrus fields, they are categorized as moderate with IPs of 50.14, respectively; 45.82; 39.45; 52.26; and 45.82. Actions that can be taken to overcome the problem of decreasing productivity are to carry out regular fertilization, both organic and inorganic, to keep nutrients available for cultivated plants, as well as adding organic matter using litter which not only serves to add nutrients but can also be used as organic mulch to prevent raindrops from falling directly to the ground so that the loss of topsoil can be minimized and increase the population of soil microorganisms. In addition, it can also use bagasse, blotong or manure which can improve the physical condition of the soil by reducing soil density and increasing macropores for better root growth, and ultimately increasing sugarcane yield.

Productivity of sugar beets and winter wheat depending on tillage systems and crop rotation protection

Purpose. Establish the impact of basic tillage and weed protection measures on soil density in winter wheat and sugar beet crops. Investigate the criteria for the formation of winter wheat and sugar beet productivity depending on weather conditions, measures of basic tillage and protection against weeds. Methods. Field, laboratory. Results. Soil density for the period of winter wheat harvesting for plowing to a depth of 20–22 cm and direct sowing was in the same range at the level of 1.22 and 1.23 g/cm3, which can be explained by the peculiarity of the soil and the root system of the plants themselves. In sugar beet crops, the combination of plowing to a depth of 25–27 cm with subsequent shelfless loosening at 34–36 cm makes it possible to maintain the density of the arable soil at the level of equilibrium for this type of soil. In other treatments, the soil density increases to 1.27 and 1.28 g/cm3, with compaction of the upper 0–10 cm layer of soil to 1.25 g/cm3 for plowing by 30–32 cm and 1.29 g/cm3 – for shelf-free loosening by 34–36 cm, which has a negative impact on the productivity of sugar beets. Conclusions. With the optimal sowing period for the conditions of Kyiv region on September 12–15, the most optimal sowing rate remains 4.5 million units. nas./ha, for increase in density of standing of plants we note lodging of plants and damp years and essential shortage of grain in arid. According to our research, the main tillage for winter wheat plowing by 20–22 cm remains the most rational for obtaining stable yields of winter wheat (yield was 5.03 t/ha). At the same time, good predecessors of peas for grain, rape, buckwheat can be used direct sowing with the introduction of herbicide continuous action Roundup, 48% v.r. 3.0 l/ha. The highest productivity of sugar beets was obtained by using the main tillage plowing by 25–27 cm + shelfless loosening by 34–36 cm yield of root crops at the level of 52.13–51.73 t/ha, sugar content – 14.80–14.83%, sugar harvest – 7.73–7.81 t/ha. On deep medium loam chernozems, this tillage allows to ensure optimal agrophysical indicators of the soil, remove the plow sole, earn crop residues and ensure yields in arid conditions. Application of sugar-free loosening to sugar beets to a depth of 34–36 cm reduces the yield of root crops by 5.32 and 7.20 t/ha compared to plowing to a depth of 30–32 cm, which is associated with an increase in weediness of crops and soil density.

Agroecological assessment of saline soils of Iran

For the studied saline soils, the expediency of assessing the content of mobile ion compounds by chemical autography based on electrolysis and ionite membranes, vertical electrical sensing is shown. However, the electrical conductivity of soils depended on humidity, temperature, humus content, granulometric composition, soil density, and fertilizer application. The change in the nature and degree of soil salinization over time and in space was determined not only by the microrelief of the surface, groundwater and the change in the depth of the umbrellas in density, but also by the patterns of solubility of salts from humidity, temperature, pCO2, complex formation. For relative optimization of the situation, it is recommended to apply mineral fertilizers, stimulants, organic fertilizers, and create a large-porous layer at a depth of 40-70 cm, reducing the upward current from the lower layers of the soil to the Ap. Keywords: SOIL, SALINIZATION, WAYS OF OPTIMIZATION

STRENGTHENING THE FOUNDATIONS OF PHYSICALLY OBSOLETE BUILDINGS

The problems and prospects of existing methods of strengthening the foundations of physically obsolete buildings are outlined, which is relevant for the preservation of buildings of architectural and historical value, as well as for mass renovation in large cities in cramped conditions with a high density of existing buildings. Method of calculation of hollow rectangular and round sections filled with concrete during bending is considered. In this article the dependence of compacted zone radius on initial characteristic of soil density and diameter of pressed pipe concrete element is analyzed. The conclusion is formed that the method of arrangement of the pipe-concrete horizontal distributor for simultaneous reinforcement of soil of the base and foundations chosen for the study allows to regulate the process of leveling the building settlement as a whole, and is also the most environmentally safe and does not negatively affect the surrounding buildings and structures.

Basic tillage techniques in the sunflower cultivation

In the arid conditions of the Nizhneje Pvovolzhje region, the farmers’ main task is to accumulate the greatest amount of moisture by the sowing crops time. This is largely facilitated by the correct choice of the basic tillage method. The results of the research carried out on Southern chestnut soils 2017-2019 were aimed at solving a complex of problems related to the development of the technology adapted to the conditions of the Volgograd region. The soil density observations in sunflower crops showed that the soil density during dump plowing by the plow PN-4-35 to the depth of 0.27-0.30 m for sunflower harvesting was 1.24 t/m3. With loosening by chisel “Rancho” to the depth of 0.35-0.37 m it was equal to 1.21 t/m3. When loosening by chisel “Rancho” to the depth of 0.35-0.37 m with a reservoir turnover of 0.15-0.17 m3 the density was 1.16 t/m3. When loosening by the chisel “Rancho” to the depth of 0.35-0.37 m with a pruning flat-cutting foot at the depth of 0.15-0.17 m it was 1.18 t/m3. The highest yield of sunflower was formed on the variant of chisel loosening by “Rancho” to the depth of 0.35-0.37 m with a reservoir turnover of 0.15-0.17 m.

Changes in agrophysical properties of typical type of black type under the influence of fertilizer application and soil treatment

The solution to the problem of increasing the production of agricultural products largely depends on the correct assessment of the level of fertility and cultivation of the soil, a clear understanding of its main indicators optimal for cultivated plants and the use of an effective soil fertility management system on this basis. The goal is to determine the effect of the use of systems of basic tillage and fertilization in grain-tilled crop rotation on changes in soil density in the agrophytocenosis of winter wheat. Methods: The soil density was determined with M. Kachinsky cylinders in the arable layer of 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 sm. The results of stationary studies of the effect of prolonged (2012–2019) application of three options deep coarse-silty-medium loamy in ten-field grain-row crop rotation of the right-bank forest-steppe for its agrophysical indicators. It has been established that the variant of dump-dump-free tillage in the crop rotation creates the best agrophysical conditions for the fertility of typical chernozem. The use of shallow moldboard-free tillage led to a significant increase in soil density (on average by 0,02–0,04 g/sm3) compared to the control. The use of shallow moldboard-free tillage led to a significant decrease in the total porosity by 2,2% in comparison with differentiated and moldboard-free tillage.

Hubungan Sifat Fisik Tanah dan Permeabilitas Tanah Pada Daerah Permukiman di Kecamatan Koto Tangah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara sifat fisik tanah terhadap nilai permeabilitas tanah pada permukiman di Kecamatan Koto Tangah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan secara korelasioanal. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer yang didapatkan di lapangan serta di laboratorium dan data sekunder dedapatkan pada literatur atau arsip pemerintahan kemudian diolalah menggunakan QGIS. Data primer tersebut berupa kadar air tanah, berat jenis tanah, berat isi tanah, dan permeabilitas tanah, sedangkan data sekunder berupa denah lokasi penelitian. Didapatkan nilai signifikansi hubungan kadar air tanah dengan permeabilitas tanah sebesar 0,004 dan di peroleh R²sebesar 0,662 serta arah hubungan negatif, nilai signifikansi hubungan berat isi tanah dengan permeabilitas tanah sebesar 0,023 dan di peroleh R² sebesar 0,498 serta arah hubungannya negatif, sedangkan nilai signifikansi hubungan berat jenis tanah dengan permeabilitas sebesar 0,239. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan hubungan sifat fisik tanah dengan permeabilitas tanah mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan (berarti).This study aims to determine the relationship between the physical properties of the soil to the value of soil permeability in settlements in Koto Tangah District. This research is a quantitative study with a correlation approach. The data used are primary data obtained in the field as well as in the laboratory and secondary data obtained in literature or government archives which are then processed using QGIS. The primary data is in the form of soil water content, soil density, soil density, and soil permeability, while secondary data is in the form of a plan of the research location. The significance value of the relationship between groundwater content and soil permeability was 0.004 and obtained R² of 0.662 and the direction of the negative relationship, the significance value of the relationship between soil weight and soil permeability was 0.023 and obtained R² of 0.498 and the direction of the relationship was negative, while the significance value of the relationship of density soil with a permeability of 0.239. So it can be concluded that the relationship between the physical properties of the soil and the permeability of the soil have a significant relationship (meaning).