scholarly journals Implications of agricultural management on the epigeic fauna and soil physical properties of a clayey Oxisol

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiane Martins da Costa ◽  
Marta Sandra Drescher

ABSTRACT The intensive use of land based on non-conservation practices contributes to the reduction of soil quality. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of farming systems on clayey Oxisol in the northwest of the state of Rio Grande do Sul on the epigeic fauna and on the soil physical properties. The treatments were composed of land use with Native field, Pasture, Transition, Crop and livestock integration, No-tillage and No-tillage system. The epigeic fauna was evaluated by the installation of seven traps per treatment. The physical properties of density, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity and soil resistance to penetration were evaluated in samples with undisturbed structure at the 0- 0.07, 0.07-0.15 and 0.15- 0.22m depths, with four replicates. The results indicated that land use only for crop production reduced the abundance of organisms in comparison to the crop-livestock integration. The conversion of the Pampa Biome to the crop system altered its soil physical and biological properties with the transition area presenting intermediate characteristics to both environments. Grazing in the remaining areas of the Pampa Biome, without native field improvement strategies, reduced species abundance and richness. No-tillage and No-tillage system promoted the compaction of the 0.07 -0.15 m layer in a clayey Oxisol.

Author(s):  
Camila Jorge Bernabé Ferreira ◽  
Cássio Antonio Tormena ◽  
Wagner Henrique Moreira ◽  
Lincoln Zotarelli ◽  
Edner Betioli Junior ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio C. A. Carmeis Filho ◽  
Carlos A. C. Crusciol ◽  
Tiara M. Guimarães ◽  
Juliano C. Calonego ◽  
Claudio H. M. da Costa

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Campanhola Bortoluzzi ◽  
Guilherme Luis Parize ◽  
Jackson Korchagin ◽  
Vanderlei Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Danilo dos Santos Rheinheimer ◽  
...  

Analyzing the soil near crop roots may reveal limitations to growth and yield even in a no-tillage system. The purpose of the present study was to relate the chemical and physical properties of soil under a no-tillage system to soybean root growth and plant yield after five years of use of different types of limestone and forms of application. A clayey Oxisol received application of dolomitic and calcitic limestones and their 1:1 combination in two forms: surface application, maintained on the soil surface; and incorporated, applied on the surface and incorporated mechanically. Soil physical properties (resistance to mechanical penetration, soil bulk density and soil aggregation), soil chemical properties (pH, exchangeable cations, H+Al, and cation exchange capacity) and plant parameters (root growth system, soybean grain yield, and oat dry matter production) were evaluated five years after setting up the experiment. Incorporation of lime neutralized exchangeable Al up to a depth of 20 cm without affecting the soil physical properties. The soybean root system reached depths of 40 cm or more with incorporated limestone, increasing grain yield an average of 31 % in relation to surface application, which limited the effect of lime up to a depth of 5 cm and root growth up to 20 cm. It was concluded that incorporation of limestone at the beginning of a no-tillage system ensures a favorable environment for root growth and soybean yield, while this intervention does not show long-term effects on soil physical properties under no-tillage. This suggests that there is resilience in the physical properties evaluated.


Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-421
Author(s):  
Sandro Roberto Brancalião ◽  
Maria Helena Moraes ◽  
Leandro Borges Lemos

ALTERAÇÕES DE PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DE UM NITOSSOLO VERMELHO PELA SUCESSÃO MILHETO – SOJA NA FASE DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE SEMEADURA DIRETA  Sandro Roberto Brancalião1; Maria Helena Moraes2; Leandro Borges Lemos31Centro de Solos e Recursos Ambientais, Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, Campinas, SP, [email protected]  2Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP.3Departamento de Produção  Vegetal – Agricultura,  Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP  1 RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência da cultura do milheto, em três épocas de semeadura e sob cinco manejos da fitomassa, na produtividade da soja e nas propriedades físicas de um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico (densidade, porosidade total, diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados e grau de floculação do solo). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. A época foi representada por parcelas de semeadura da cultura do milheto (E1, E2, E3) e o manejo, como subparcelas, por manejos de ceifa da fitomassa, a saber: M1- a cada florescimento e retirada da fitomassa; M2 – a cada florescimento e permanência da fitomassa; M3-no único florescimento e retirada da fitomassa; M4 – no único florescimento e permanência da fitomassa; e M5 – livre crescimento. Foram coletadas amostras de solo para realização das análises físicas e químicas, estratificadas em 0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m de profundidade. Avaliou-se, também, a produção de massa de matéria seca pelo milheto e a produtividade da soja. A E2 apresentou melhor qualidade física do solo. A E3 resultou em menores valores de grau de floculação e de diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados. A E3 apresentou menor produção de fitomassa do milheto.   UNITERMOS: manejo do solo, propriedades físicas, planta de cobertura, semeadura direta, Glycine max. (L.) Merrill, Pennisetum glaucum.  BRANCALIÃO, S.R.; MORAES, M.H.; LEMOS, L.B.CHANGES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A “NITOSSOLO VERMELHO” BY MILLET – SOYBEAN SUCCESSION AT IMPLANTATION PHASE IN NO-TILLAGE SYSTEM   2 ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a millet-soybean rotation, during the implantation phase of no-tillage system on the physical properties of a “Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico” and the dry mass production of millet and the productivity of soybean. The experimental design used was a randomized blocks, in a split splot arrangement, with four replications. The parcels was constituted by three sowings (E1, E2and E3) and the subparcels was constituted by harvests, where each harvest handling was: M1 – harvest each blooming and covering withdrawal; M2 - harvest each blooming and covering permanency; M3 – only in the first harvest on blooming and covering withdrawal; M4 - only in the first harvest on blooming and covering permanency, and M5– free growing, with no harvest. Samples were collected from three soil layers: 0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 and 0,10-0,20 m. The E2 showed smaller values of soil density and larger values of total porosity. The E3 resulted in smaller values of flocculation degree and mean weight diameter of the aggregates. The E3showed smaller production of dry mass. KEYWORDS: soil management, physical properties, cover crop, no-tillage, soybean, Pennisetum glaucum. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Monica C. Sustakowski ◽  
Edleusa P. Seidel ◽  
Renata F. Barabasz ◽  
Rayssa H. da Silva ◽  
Willian dos Reis ◽  
...  

With intensive cultivation and the lack of crop rotation, the no-tillage system has been showing compacted areas. For its reduction, mechanical scarification and crop rotation has been recommended. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate in a no-tillage system the effect of mechanical scarification and crop rotation systems on soil porosity and density after 18 months. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The main plots consisted of maintaining the no-tillage system and minimal soil preparation with a chisel, carried out before the cultivation of cover plants. The subplots were composed of different plant species grown in winter: wheat, consortium of forage pea + black oat and consortium of black oat + forage turnip. Both were succeeded by cultivation of soy and lupin. Macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and bulk density were evaluated. After 18 months, the scarified soil showed a higher bulk density (0.10-0.15 m layer) when compared to the no-tillage system, demonstrating that this isolated decompression alternative does not improve the physical properties of the soil. The area in succession to oat + turnip/soybean/lupin showed lower bulk density.


2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-279
Author(s):  
Manuel Casanova ◽  
Berthin Ticona ◽  
Osvaldo Salazar ◽  
Eduardo Gratacós ◽  
Marco Pfeiffer ◽  
...  

A number of agroecological practices have been proposed for assessing soil quality. Several physical soil properties have been shown to be important for determining soil quality by using the sustainability index (SI) and the cumulative rating approach. The main aim of the study was to determine the effects of different agroecological managements on the physical properties of a Mollisol in the Mediterranean central Chile. In addition, some physical properties were selected to compare the soil quality among different agroecological management practices and highly mechanized intensive systems by using the SI and cumulative rating approaches. An experimental field was defined in an area of 3.5 ha in 2014. Four sites with different agroecological practices were selected in 2019 to assess soil physical properties: rainfed Mediterranean annual prairie - no tillage (1-S), irrigated perennial prairie with deep-root species - no tillage (2-N), irrigated annual and perennial prairie - conventional tillage (4-S), irrigated vegetables and flowers - minimum tillage (4-N); an avocado orchard with traditional management was used as the control. Soil organic carbon and the following soil physical properties were selected to assess SI and CR: bulk density, total porosity, void ratio, air capacity, fast-drainage pores, relative field capacity, hydraulic conductivity, structural stability index and unavailable water pores. The applicability of the selected physical indicators to the SIs of agroecological management practices compared with the control was demonstrated. The cumulative rating index (CR) for each land use showed that all agroecological practices constituted sustainable soil management (25≤CR<30), whereas the avocado orchard showed the least sustainable management (30≤CR<40), and a change in soil use is recommended.


Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Arcângelo Loss ◽  
Milton da Veiga ◽  
Renato Guardini ◽  
Djalma Eugênio Schmitt ◽  
...  

Applications of swine residues to the soil surface in a no-tillage system (NTS) may increase the organic carbon level and improve the physical properties of the soil. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the continuous application of pig slurry (PS) and pig litter (PL) on the total organic carbon (TOC) content and physical properties of soil under NTS in Southern Brazil. In March 2010, after 8 years of cultivation of black oats (Avena strigosa)–maize (Zea mays), soil samples were collected in the 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and 15–20 cm layers. The treatments consisted of a control plot (without manure application), plots with PS applications equivalent to one and two times the recommended rate of nitrogen (N) for maize and black oats (PS1X and PS2X, respectively), and plots with PL equivalent to one and two times the recommended rate of N for maize and black oats (PL1X and PL2X, respectively). The TOC, soil bulk density (BD), penetration resistance (PR), total porosity (TP), macro- and microporosity, distribution of pore diameters, and indices of aggregation and aggregate stability were evaluated. Differences were found between treatments for TOC, BD, macro- and microporosity, pore diameter, aggregation, and PR. Treatment with PL favoured the production of aggregates (diameter >4 mm) and increased the rates of aggregation and aggregate stability in the 10–15 and 15–20 cm layers and macroporosity in the 0–5 and 15–20 cm layers. Application of PL2X reduced PR by 34% and 20%, respectively, in the 5–10 and 10–15 cm layers. Eight years of adding PS to successive cultivations of black oats–maize soil managed under NTS produced no changes in the physical features or the TOC of the soil, whereas the application of PL produced improvements in physical attributes of the soil and increased soil TOC.


2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Kristiana Fiorentin dos Santos ◽  
Fabrício Tondello Barbosa ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Romeu De Souza Werner ◽  
Neuro Hilton Wolschick ◽  
...  

Studying the changes in soil properties caused by different land uses allows measures to be adopted that will reduce the risk of future negative effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil physical properties and quantify water infiltration for different types of land use in the Santa Catarina Plateau of southern Brazil. The research was conducted on a 1,200 ha rural property. The land use types selected were natural forest (NF), planted pine (PP), crop-livestock integration (CLI), and burned natural rangeland (BR). A sample survey was carried out in nine different areas for each land use. Samples were collected from four soil layers and the soil bulk density (Bd), total porosity (Tp), and macropore (Ma), micropore (Mi), and biopore (Bio) volumes were measured. Water infiltration tests were performed to obtain the initial (ii) and final (fi) water infiltration rates into the soil, and the total amount of water that had infiltrated the soil (Ti). In NF, Bd was lower and Tp was higher than in other types of land use. The forest vegetation (NF and PP) had higher Ma and Bio volumes in the superficial layers of the soil. Water infiltration was markedly different between land use types. The NF had the highest ii, fi, and Ti values followed by PP, whereas the CLI and BR areas had drastically lower infiltration parameters with BR having the lowest values. The variables ii, fi, and Ti correlated positively with Tp, Ma, and Bio, but negatively with Bd.


2021 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 113174
Author(s):  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Doglas Bassegio ◽  
Bruna de Villa ◽  
Araceli Ciotti de Marins ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Junior ◽  
...  

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