International Shipping Enterprise AAE v. Sunbulk Maritime SA

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-400
Keyword(s):  
International Shipping ◽  
Shipping Enterprise

scholarly journals Charter Market Segmentation in Response to Trade’s Needs

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Evi Plomaritou ◽  
Angelos Menelaou
Keyword(s):  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
International Shipping ◽  
Commercial Success ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Segmentation Approach ◽  
Buying Behaviour ◽  
Shipping Enterprise

Chartering is the part of international shipping business which broadly deals with the proper matching of cargoes’ transport needs and vessels’ commercial trading. Different charterers have different transportation needs. They do not all require the same sea transport service and not all charterers charter a particular vessel for the same reasons. Therefore, this paper intends to present how the charter market may be structured in response to trade’s needs and charterers’ requirements. The main objective of this paper is to constitute an overview of the shipping market segmentation into the various market segments. The analysis is based on the behavioural segmentation approach. This paper discusses mainly the conditions of charter market segmentation through relevant theories, reviews and some real cases analyses. Segmentation involves homogeneous buying behaviour of charterers within a segment but heterogeneous buying behaviour between segments. In respect of the trade’s needs, emphasis is given on charterers’ requirements in bulk market (dry and liquid) and on shippers’ requirements in liner market. Furthermore, the paper examines how the shipping companies should respond to their clients’ demands. Shipping enterprises have unique capabilities concerning the means, the resources and the management abilities for their ships. The matching of the shipping enterprise capabilities with the needs and the desires of its clients is fundamental for the provision of the desired transport services, the satisfaction and retention of charterers and thus the commercial success of the enterprise. Main objective of charter market segmentation is to assist the company focus its efforts to the most promising opportunities.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF PICK-UP ROUTES FOR AN INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING ENTERPRISE BY USING A HEURISTIC METHOD

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Mario-Alberto Durán-Mendez ◽  
Santiago-Omar Caballero-Morales ◽  
José-Luiz Martínez-Flores ◽  
Patricia Cano-Olivos
Keyword(s):  
Heuristic Method ◽  
International Shipping ◽  
Shipping Enterprise

scholarly journals The bond and retention of Chinese seafarers for international shipping companies: a survey report

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wu ◽  
Glory Gu ◽  
Chris James Carter
Keyword(s):  
Career Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Values ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
International Shipping ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Chinese Seafarers

AbstractThe shortage of junior seafarers in China in recent years raises a salient question as to how international shipping companies can improve retention rates among Chinese crews. This issue has become increasingly prominent in the context of a global lockdown resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper examines the dilemma through the lens of the “bond” between seafarers and the shipping companies they service, a term used to reflect the need to recognise, consent and integrate into management systems, safety culture, and organizational values. The value of this bond concept is investigated in a survey of Chinese crews (N = 318). The paper aims to reveal the features and underlying factors of the bond, and its influence on needs, perceptions and seafaring careers in foreign shipping companies. The study finds that the majority of respondents do not have a bond with their shipping company, but typically do wish to develop one. Furthermore, this form of attachment appears to be closely related to career satisfaction and retention. To address the shortage of junior seafarers in China, we call for the development of mutual trust, respect and shared values between global seafarers and international shipping companies. A number of policy recommendations are provided.

scholarly journals Global futures of trade impacting the challenge to decarbonize the international shipping sector

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 121547
Author(s):  
Eduardo Müller-Casseres ◽  
Oreane Y. Edelenbosch ◽  
Alexandre Szklo ◽  
Roberto Schaeffer ◽  
Detlef P. van Vuuren
Keyword(s):  
International Shipping ◽  
Global Futures

scholarly journals Global model simulations of the impact of ocean-going ships on aerosols, clouds, and the radiation budget

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 5061-5079 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lauer ◽  
V. Eyring ◽  
J. Hendricks ◽  
P. Jöckel ◽  
U. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Optical Thickness ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Cloud Microphysics ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Aerosol Optical Thickness ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
International Shipping

Abstract. International shipping contributes significantly to the fuel consumption of all transport related activities. Specific emissions of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) per kg of fuel emitted are higher than for road transport or aviation. Besides gaseous pollutants, ships also emit various types of particulate matter. The aerosol impacts the Earth's radiation budget directly by scattering and absorbing the solar and thermal radiation and indirectly by changing cloud properties. Here we use ECHAM5/MESSy1-MADE, a global climate model with detailed aerosol and cloud microphysics to study the climate impacts of international shipping. The simulations show that emissions from ships significantly increase the cloud droplet number concentration of low marine water clouds by up to 5% to 30% depending on the ship emission inventory and the geographic region. Whereas the cloud liquid water content remains nearly unchanged in these simulations, effective radii of cloud droplets decrease, leading to cloud optical thickness increase of up to 5–10%. The sensitivity of the results is estimated by using three different emission inventories for present-day conditions. The sensitivity analysis reveals that shipping contributes to 2.3% to 3.6% of the total sulfate burden and 0.4% to 1.4% to the total black carbon burden in the year 2000 on the global mean. In addition to changes in aerosol chemical composition, shipping increases the aerosol number concentration, e.g. up to 25% in the size range of the accumulation mode (typically >0.1 μm) over the Atlantic. The total aerosol optical thickness over the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico and the Northeastern Pacific increases by up to 8–10% depending on the emission inventory. Changes in aerosol optical thickness caused by shipping induced modification of aerosol particle number concentration and chemical composition lead to a change in the shortwave radiation budget at the top of the atmosphere (ToA) under clear-sky condition of about −0.014 W/m² to −0.038 W/m² for a global annual average. The corresponding all-sky direct aerosol forcing ranges between −0.011 W/m² and −0.013 W/m². The indirect aerosol effect of ships on climate is found to be far larger than previously estimated. An indirect radiative effect of −0.19 W/m² to −0.60 W/m² (a change in the atmospheric shortwave radiative flux at ToA) is calculated here, contributing 17% to 39% of the total indirect effect of anthropogenic aerosols. This contribution is high because ship emissions are released in regions with frequent low marine clouds in an otherwise clean environment. In addition, the potential impact of particulate matter on the radiation budget is larger over the dark ocean surface than over polluted regions over land.

New security measures for the international shipping community

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Hesse ◽  
Nicolaos L. Charalambous
Keyword(s):  
Security Measures ◽  
International Shipping
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