scholarly journals The family tree is not cut: marriage among slaves in eighteenth-century Puerto Rico

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Stark
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Reconstitution ◽  
Material Conditions

Examines the frequency of slave marriage in 18th-c. Puerto Rico, through family reconstitution based on parish baptismal, marriage, and death registers. Author first sketches the development of slavery, and the work regimens and conditions of the not yet sugar-dominated slavery in Puerto Rico. Then, he describes the religious context and social implications of marriage among slaves, and discusses, through an example, spousal selection patterns, and further focuses on age and seasonality of the slave marriages. He explains that marriage brought some legal advantages for slaves, such as the prohibited separation, by sale, of married slaves. In addition, he explores how slaves pursued marital strategies in order to manipulate material conditions. He concludes from the results that in the 18th c. marriage among slaves was not uncommon, and appear to have been determined mostly by the slaves own choice, with little direct intervention by masters. Most slaves married other slaves, with the same owner.

Francis Bird, Sculptor, 1667–1731

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Rosemary Rendel
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
Family Tradition ◽  
Biographical Dictionary ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Written Sources

It has not, I think, been generally realised up till now, that Francis Bird was a Catholic. Joseph Gillow includes him in his Biographical Dictionary of the English Catholics but this is a source hardly known to historians of Art and one which recusant historians are hesitant about using because Gillow is sometimes inaccurate. In this case, Gillow may have been able to check his written sources against an accurate family tradition, since Francis Bird was a distant ancestor of his through the marriage of a great-great-grandson, George Thomas Ferrers, to Mary Gillow of Hammersmith. Francis Bird was the leading sculptor whose career bridges the gap between the age of Gibbons and the age of Rysbrack. It is clear that he had a large practice and must have made free use of assistants. He appears to have had a good continental training, though its details are somewhat obscure.The main source for Francis Bird's life is one of the manuscript notebooks of George Vertue, the eighteenth-century engraver, himself a Catholic. He recorded in these the chief events in the world of London artists from September 1722 to August 1754. Vertue's notes were not intended for publication, and his information came either at first hand or from those who knew the artists personally. He states that when Francis Bird died, he left six children, one of them being a son who was aged fifteen at his father's death. C.R.S. sources have now enabled us to identify most of the children and grandchildren. I am most grateful to Sister Francis Agnes Onslow, O.S.F., of Goodings, for allowing me to take over the relevant part of her Bird and Chapman family tree, when we found that we were working in parallel, and it is reproduced here as a first draft so that others may fill in the gaps and make the necessary corrections. I hope to give the Chapman part of the family tree in a subsequent note.

Archibald Vivian Hill, 26 September, 1886 - 3 June 1977

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 71-149 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Family Tree ◽  
The West ◽  
The Family

A. V. Hill was born in Bristol, the son of Jonathan Hill (1857-1924) and Ada Priscilla ( née Rumney ) (1861-1943). The father was the second of nine children; the mother one of four sisters. They were married in 1880, and had a son and a daughter, Muriel, who was born in February 1889. She became a biochemist and married Dr T. S. Hele, a colleague who worked in the same field and was later elected Master of Emmanuel College,Cambridge. Muriel died in 1941. A. V. (as he became known to his family and all his colleagues) traced his ancestry to the middle of the eighteenth century. To judge by the family tree which he himself drew, the name ‘Archibald Vivian' must have been a new departure. There were successions of Jameses and Jonathans, several Johns, an occasional Charles, George, Samuel, etc. among them, but apparently no precedent for Archibald or Vivian. A. V.’s forebears all lived in the West Country, mostly in Devonshire and Somerset. On the paternal side he was preceded by five generations of timber merchants at Bristol, carrying on the business which had been founded by James Hill in 1750. James had come from Ireland and later returned there to join a volunteer regiment. He is believed to have been killed during the Irish troubles.

Crossing the Threshold from Adolescence to Adulthood in Eighteenth-Century Puerto Rico: The Baptismal Sponsorship of Enslaved Infants in Arecibo, 1735–1772

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-654
Author(s):  
David M. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Family Reconstitution ◽  
Demographic Patterns ◽  
First Time

Abstract This study examines godparent selection patterns by the parents of 632 slaves baptized in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, from 1735 to 1772. The article broadens our understanding of baptismal sponsorship by using family reconstitution to re-create demographic patterns of behavior, including age and marital status, associated with godparenthood. Data regarding the godparents revealed considerable diversity in age, but most were under the age of 30. Godparents generally sponsored only one child of a slave parent or parents. There is a correlation between baptismal sponsorship and marriage. Godparents, especially women, often married within three years of the first time they were selected as baptismal sponsors. Serving as a godparent for a child born to at least one slave parent prepared adolescents for adult responsibilities. In agreeing to accept the spiritual and moral obligations associated with godparenthood, females demonstrated the ability to parent children, whereas males asserted their readiness to provide for a family.

Eight Drives and the Family Tree

1967 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
SUSAN DERI
Keyword(s):  
Family Tree ◽  
The Family

The family tree

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Landy
Keyword(s):  
Family Tree ◽  
The Family

REGULATION OF MARRIAGE RELATIONS IN THE TURKESTAN REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Khurshida Tillahodjaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Family And Marriage ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Definition Of

In this article we will talk about the scale of family and marriage relations in the early XX century in the Turkestan region, their regulation, legislation. Clearly reveals the role of women and men in the family, the definition of which is based on the material conditions of society, equality of rights and freedoms and its features.

Nordic retirement contracts and the economic situation of widows

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEATRICE MORING
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Right

The aim of this article is to explore the economic status and the quality of life of widows in the Nordic past, based on the evidence contained in retirement contracts. Analysis of these contracts also shows the ways in which, and when, land and the authority invested in the headship of the household were transferred between generations in the Nordic countryside. After the early eighteenth century, retirement contracts became more detailed but these should be viewed not as a sign of tension between the retirees and their successors but as a family insurance strategy designed to protect the interests of younger siblings of the heir and his or her old parents, particularly if there was a danger of the property being acquired by a non-relative. Both the retirement contracts made by couples and those made by a widow alone generally guaranteed them an adequate standard of living in retirement. Widows were assured of an adequately heated room of their own, more generous provision of food than was available to many families, clothing and the right to continue to work, for example at spinning and milking, but to be excused heavy labour. However, when the land was to be retained by the family, in many cases there was no intention of establishing a separate household.

CULTIVATING THE FAMILY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-639
Author(s):  
Lewis Mumford
Keyword(s):  
Family Tree ◽  
Family Histories ◽  
The Family

The culture of the family requires time, patience, and fuller participation by all its members; and for its personal sustenance, interest must be awakened on its spiritual side: its history and biography. The antiquarian search for a family tree is too often the lowest snobbism; but the actual planting and cultivating of the family tree is a different matter. That is worthy of everyone's highest skill and immediate attention. . . . So for us the widespread keeping of family records is at least mechanically an easy job: spiritually it will require immense effort, before we pour into the work all the love and skill that it demands. The writing of journals, psychological records, and family histories beginning with the here and now should be one of the most grateful tasks for parents: the gathering of souvenirs, memorabilia, drawings, the recording of anecdotes and stories—all these things will build up that past which will form a bridge, over the most turbid autumnal torrent, to a firmer, finer future.

Meliola mangiferae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
The Family

Abstract A description is provided for Meliola mangiferae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Meliola mangiferae, as with the family Meliolaceae in general, is found on living leaves parasitizing the epidermis and sometimes deeper tissues, but without production of obvious disease symptoms. HOSTS: Mangifera indica, M. rigida and Mangifera sp. (Hansford, 1961). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Brazil, British Guiana, Costa Rica, Cuba, India, Indonesia (Java), Jamaica, Malaysia, Panama, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Surinam, Trinidad & Tobago, Venezuela. Meliola mangiferae is found in practically all areas of mango cultivation, with the exception of Africa and Australia (Hansford, 1961). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores.

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