Analysis of contraceptive behavior of female athletes of reproductive age

The article presents the materials of a large-scale study devoted to the study of the contraceptive behavior of female athletes of reproductive age, representing different sports. It has been established that the most commonly used types of contraception, in all age categories, are: interrupted intercourse, spermicides, barrier contraception (male condoms), hormonal patches. The most rarely used are hormonal contraception (single-phase and three-phase combined oral contraceptives) and intrauterine contraception. It has been established that the choice of a particular type of contraception among athletes is determined by such leading factors as sexual activity, frequency of sexual contacts, the number of sexual partners, the presence or absence of a family and marriage.

Trafficking in women in the late 19th – early 20th century (on the example of Sub-Russian Ukraine)

The article considers trafficking in women in the late nineteenth – early twentieth century as a problem of international scale. The author identifies the Russian Empire and Sub-Russian Ukraine in particular as one of the world's supply centers, the so-called “living goods”, mainly to Turkey and the Americas (the USA, Argentina, Brazil). The existence of an extensive system for organizing the recruitment of girls, in particular the institute of agents engaged in the search for “white slaves” are analyzed, the examples of methods they used (from press announcements and offers of high-paying jobs to fictitious marriages with fake passports) are given, the passive role of the state in preventing human trafficking is demonstrated (the term of punishment of agents was minimal, cases were often closed in the absence of witnesses, and police received bribes from the owners of brothels). The main factors causing the spread of trafficking in women in Sub-Russian Ukraine were material. Against the background of modernization and urbanization, further development of capitalist relations, expansion of the entertainment industry, officially legalized prostitution, the institution of family and marriage is being transformed, which also affected the growth of international trafficking in women in the early twentieth century. The world community began an active fight against trafficking in women in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, holding international congresses in London and Frankfurt am Main. However, the active fight against human trafficking was hampered by imperfect legislation in most countries and sometimes by the lack of laws under which organizers of trafficking in women could be prosecuted. The active work of the Russian Society for the Protection of Women in the early twentieth century, in particular its Odessa branch, led to the development and implementation of the relevant law and the holding of the All-Russian Congress in the fight against trafficking in women.

Gender and Sexual Identity in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness: A Cixousian Analysis of Hijra’s Resistance and Remaking of the Self

Hijra is a distinctive South Asia known for their gender and sexual difference and associated with their transgender and intersex identities. Otherwise known as transwomen, they are traditionally subjected to prejudices and embedded within narratives of exclusion, discrimination, and the subculture. As a result, Hijras are typically perceived as isolated, abject, and passive victims who remain social and economic peripheries. Concerning the stereotypical image of hijras, this study explores Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happinessecriture féminine, this study examines characters’ contestations and alterations of existing definitions of sex and gender. This framework allows for a manifestation of gender flexibility and feminine writing as a tool for self-emancipation. Both protagonists Anjum and Tilo, illustrate that hijras are not predetermined but are formulated in a complex process of a conscious rewriting of the self. While the former character resists heteropatriarchal normativity through her conscious alterations of the phallogocentric structure of her Urdu language, the latter defies societal conventions of family and marriage with unorthodox views and actions that are materialized in the writing of her story.

Sociology at the Belarusian State University: a time-honored tradition, history and public mission

The article considers the age-old path of development of sociology at the Belarusian State University (BSU). It is argued that the institutionalization of sociology on the territory of Belarus began with the opening of the Belarusian State University and the creation of the Department of Sociology and Primitive Culture (S. Z. Katzenbogen), where students were given lectures on genetic sociology, issues of labor, law, cultural history, and sociology of family and marriage. After the identification of historical materialism with sociology, the teaching of sociological disciplines was excluded from the curricula of BSU. Sociology revived in the 1960s with the creation of the Problematic Research Laboratory of Sociological Studies at the BSU (PRLSS–BSU) (first head – Prof. I. N. Lushchitsky). In its depths, as well as in the sector of applied sociology at the Department of Philosophy of the Humanities Faculties (Prof. G. P. Davidyuk), personnel were trained and the necessary conditions were created for the opening of the Department of Sociology and the Department of Sociology in 1989 (the first head of the department was Prof. A. N. Elsukov). Professor G. P. Davidyuk is rightfully considered the founder of modern Belarusian sociology. At present, at BSU, centuries-old traditions in the field of sociological science and education are being developed at the Center for Sociological and Political Researches (headed by Prof. D. G. Rotman) and at the Department of Sociology of the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences (headed by Prof. A. N. Danilov).

The Young Generation on Family and Marriage in Social Media

The purpose of this article is to find out what young people think about the image of the family and marriage they have encountered in social media. The publication will present the results of research using the diagnostic survey method. The use of this method allowed for the collection of data necessary to solve specific research problems. The research was carried out on 116 secondary school students, including 84 girls and 32 boys. All respondents are residents of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodship. The research involved a survey on the respondents’ perception of the image of marriage and family that reached them through social networks. In addition, the respondents' views on the possible impact of the discussed image of marriage and family on people who are in adolescence were analysed, as well as a description of photos, graphics and jokes that the respondents remembered. The conclusion presents the results from the conducted research. It presents the postulates concerning both the possibility of using the positive potential of social media and the negative phenomena related to the growing popularity of websites, which very often promote anti-values and undermine the traditional role of marriage and family.

Satisfaction with the marriage of spouses in Muslim monogamous and polygamous family relations in Russia

The article presents the results of the analysis of the marriage satisfaction level of Muslims in monogamous and polygamous families in Russia. Such studies have not been conducted previously despite the fact that this problem is relevant for the institution of family and marriage as a whole. Muslims make up approximately 15 percent of the population of the Russian Federation, and their well-being in family relations is important both for each individual, and for the community and the state as a whole. The study involved 172 people between the ages 18 to 71 years: 85 men and 87 women. The satisfaction of spouses with marital relations was measured using the Russian-language version of Susan S. Hendrik’s (1988) “7-point Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS)” adapted by Sychev O. A. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Offi ce and IBM SPSS Statistics. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the level of satisfaction of spouses in monogamous marriages is higher than the level of satisfaction in polygamous marriages, and the level of satisfaction with the marriage of the fi rst wives is lower than the level of satisfaction of the second/third/fourth wives. These results make it possible to develop practical recommendations for improving the practical application of theoretical and empirical research data in counseling, therapeutic, adaptive and preventive work with Muslims who are already married and who intend to enter into it.

Vivat universitas! 100 years of institutionalisation of sociology at the Belarusian State University

The article identifies three stages in the development of sociology at BSU, reveals their content and features. It is argued that the institutionalisation of sociology on the territory of Belarus began with the opening of the Belarusian State University and the creation of the department of sociology and primitive culture, where students were given lectures on genetic sociology, issues of labour, law, cultural history, and sociology of family and marriage. After the identification of historical materialism with sociology, the teaching of sociological disciplines was excluded from the curricula of BSU. Sociology revived in the 1960s with the creation of the Problematic Research Laboratory of Sociological Studies at the BSU. In its depths, as well as in the sector of applied sociology at the department of philosophy of the humanities faculties, personnel were trained and the necessary conditions were created for the opening of the section of sociology and the department of sociology in 1989. Professor G. P. Davidyuk is rightfully considered to be the founder of modern Belarusian sociology. Currently, at BSU, centuries-old traditions in the field of sociological science and education are being developed at the Center for Sociological and Political Researches and at the department of sociology of the faculty of philosophy and social sciences. It is concluded that BSU is one of the leading universities in the post-Soviet space and it possesses everything necessary for its further development. Sociological science and scientific schools are actively developing at BSU. The university staff includes well-known specialists who provide the training of highly qualified personnel with competences to work in conditions of global instability and readiness to give an adequate respond to the new challenges of the time.

Социальный статус женщины в семье Башкирии в первое десятилетие советской власти

Introduction. This article attempts a review of key trends in the transformation of Bashkir women’s social status within the family framework between 1917 and 1927. Goals. The study employs newly discovered data to show some specific features in the marital status of Bashkiria’s women in the 1920s. Materials and Methods. Relevant documents from the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History and the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan served as the main sources for the research; published materials on the subject also proved as instrumental and efficient. The research methods employed include statistical, descriptive, and comparative historical ones. Results. The research indicates that the period under consideration was marked by the struggle of dedicated women to improve their positions in various spheres including that of the family. The struggle was long and painstaking. In Bashkiria, the old ways were changing slowly, and throughout those years traditional Bashkir customs and perceptions continued to play an important role in regulating family and marriage institutions. Such phenomena as polygamy, early marriages (including unwilled and unequal ones), kalym and others were still quite common. Nevertheless, the first decade of Soviet rule in the republic was also a period of serious success marked by advancing the de facto equality of women in the family, and the legislative measures did seek to improve the marital status of women. The analysis shows that in the period in question was witnessing a radical transformation in women’s positions in the family and everyday life contexts. The research allows for a conclusion that the image of a ‘new woman’ in the family sphere was being shaped during the first Soviet decade.

CREATION OF FAMILY AND THE FORMATION OF A NEW SOVIET RITE (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM MAGNITOGORSK IN THE MID-1950s AND 1960s)

Revolutionary changes, the events of the Civil war, and the construction of a new socialist society led to the transformation of many social institutions, including the institution of family and marriage. The state sought to establish control over the private sphere of life of the population. During the thaw, some liberalization occurred in the social policy of the state. The period from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s can be described as a transition stage to a new model of family-marriage relations (“marriage-centric” model), when the state still maintained the regulatory framework of the “divorce-centric” model of relationships, but already formed a new rite and rituals in family-marriage issues. The analysis of official discourse and practices of study population in relation to marriage ceremonies during the period of the thaw on the example of Magnitogorsk offers a unique opportunity, firstly, to analyze the dichotomy between the declared and implemented models of wedding ceremony; secondly, to demonstrate the experience of introducing new rituals and practices in an industrial city that was not a regional center but served for a long period of Soviet history as a platform for a global experiment in building a “new city” and educating a “new person”. The historiography of the problem of family and marriage, as well as wedding ceremonies in the USSR is quite diverse, but researchers mainly focused on the study of the first half of the twentieth century in a chronological context, and the territorial borders were outlined by the capital cities. With this approach, the regional, and even more so, the provincial level remained out of the field of view of researchers. In this article, based on various sources, an attempt is made to give answers to questions about the features of the wedding ceremony in the city of Magnitogorsk in the reflection of official materials and ego-sources gleaned from the private archives of citizens. As a result of the study, it was possible to determine that the rituals recommended by the authorities for conducting a wedding were perceived positively by the population, but for various reasons, these rituals were not widely used in the city.

Communication Phenomenon Unmarried Career Women in the Pekanbaru City

Communication is an absolute necessity for every human being. As social beings, humans cannot but communicate with each other. Along with the development of women's emancipation and experiences that provide something for women moreover have target and self-concept by them own, family standard environment and others. The causes of the increase in unmarried women include high level of education. Opportunity to get a higher education and pursue a career in urban women makes them not in a hurry to make choices for marriage. In this study the authors used the phenomenological method. The data collection techniques uses were through observation, interviews and documentation. The subjects in this study were 3 (three) unmarried career women. The results showed that the motive of future career women with unmarried status in Pekanbaru City is because (because motive), unmarried career women are able to survive, The motive for (in order to motive) in this unmarried career woman is want to be successful and be able to match. Where unmarried career women also want their lives run into harmony. The meaning of unmarried career women in Pekanbaru City is categorized into 2 perspectives. That is how they accept themselves as unmarried and how they convince themselves to live alone without a husband. The career women just need support, good perception of the surrounding environment as well as relatives. Associated with negative communication experiences, like gossip, become a topic of conversation with the family, and marriage topic will be sensitive topic for them.