Neglecting Nonhuman Animals: A Content Analysis of Introductory Criminal Justice and Criminology Textbooks

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jen Girgen
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Nonhuman Animal ◽  
Animal Abuse ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Criminal Justice Professionals

Abstract As illustrated by the fact that all states now have felony anti-cruelty laws and the FBI has begun tracking some forms of nonhuman animal abuse in its National Incident-Based Reporting System, there is growing recognition by lawmakers and criminal justice professionals that the abuse of animals should be taken seriously and properly addressed by the criminal justice system. This article assesses 19 popular introductory criminal justice and criminology textbooks to determine whether these texts share this sentiment by giving attention to this offense. Results indicate that animal abuse is given no, or only minimal, attention in most of these textbooks, and when it is included, it tends to be framed more as an environmental problem than one of violence or morality. The article concludes with a call to textbook authors and publishers to better include animal abuse within their texts and offers suggestions for how to accomplish this.

Modernisation and cultural change under New Labour: views of solicitors, clerks, magistrates, barristers and judges

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Justice System ◽  
New Labour ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
North East ◽  
Criminal Justice Professionals ◽  
Critical Change

There is a paucity of empirical research on solicitors, court clerks, magistrates, barristers and judges conducted within the criminal justice system in England and Wales. Even though the research conducted for this chapter is now several years old, it is included and retained because of the valuable insights provided into the era of modernisation. Importantly, it provides insights into what criminal justice professionals perceived of probation during a period of critical change under new labour. Accordingly, this chapter constitutes a slice of criminal justice history, in North-East England, that can be accessed and utilised by other criminal justice researchers. In doing so it is intended to compensate for empirical paucity in this specific domain of interest.

scholarly journals The Constructed Truth

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Mou
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Functional Equivalence ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Police Investigation ◽  
Truth Finding ◽  
External Scrutiny

Witnesses rarely testify at trial in China and the courts routinely rely on investigative dossiers to determine the guilt or innocence of the defendant. Shielded from external scrutiny, relatively little is known about how these investigative dossiers are constructed and whether they are truly reliable. To understand the construction process for police cases, ethnography, semi-structured interviews and content analysis of the dossiers have been conducted to explore the formation of evidence during the police investigation. This article reveals that the constructed evidence is subject to manipulation and distortion designed to enhance the incrimination of the accused. With a lack of the functional equivalence in defence construction required to challenge the facts presented in these dossiers, the current criminal justice system in China is structurally weak and fails to function as a truth-finding process.

Criminal Histories of Intimate Partner Homicide Offenders

2021 ◽  
pp. 108876792110468
Author(s):  
April M. Zeoli ◽  
Christine C. Kwiatkowski ◽  
Mikaela A. Wallin ◽  
Kylei Brown
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Intimate Partner Homicide ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Criminal Histories ◽  
Criminal Charges

This exploratory study investigates intimate partner homicide (IPH) offenders’ criminal histories to examine opportunities for criminal justice system intervention. Data were collected from the Michigan Violent Death Reporting System and Michigan State Police for the 117 IPHs committed in 2014 and 2015 in Michigan. Descriptive statistics on types of criminal charges and convictions for the 103 IPHs committed by aggressors (e.g., not in self-defense) are presented, with relatively few domestic violence charges or convictions. Twenty-nine percent of offenders had no criminal history. Findings highlight a need for more effective and greater implementation of interventions for both criminal justice system-involved and not-involved offenders.

Physical Cruelty Toward Animals in Massachusetts, 1975-1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carter Luke ◽  
Arnold Arluke
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Animal Abuse ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cruelty To Animals ◽  
Common Target

AbstractThis article describes the nature of animal abuse and the response of the criminal justice system to all cruelty cases prosecuted by the Massachusetts Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals between 1975 and 1996. Dogs were the most common target; when combined with cats, these domestic animals composed the vast majority of incidents. Almost all of these animals were owned, and females were the majority of complainants. Suspects were almost always young males, and most of the time they allegedly shot, beat, stabbed, or threw their victims. Reportedly, adults were more likely than minors to abuse dogs, shoot them, and commit such acts alone rather than in a group, while minors were more likely to abuse cats, beat them, and commit such acts with peers present. Less than half of the alleged abusers were found guilty in court, one-third were fined, less than one-quarter had to pay restitution, one-fifth were put on probation, one-tenth were sent to jail, and an even smaller percent were required to undergo counseling or perform community service.

scholarly journals What Hinders Victims from Reporting Sexual Violence: A Qualitative Study with Police Officers, Prosecutors, and Judges in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katalin Parti ◽  
Robin A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Mental Care ◽  
Criminal Justice Professionals

While rape historically remains underreported all over the globe, and criminal justice factors contribute to this problem, we investigate unique circumstances that might influence reporting inclinations by Hungarian victims of sexual violence. Among other possible factors, victim-blaming, institutional desensitization, and a lack of trust in the criminal justice system and in the community are discussed. The in-depth interviews (n = 22) with law enforcement and criminal justice professionals conducted in 2018 in Hungary reveal roots of underreporting in the complexities of the criminal justice system: there is a failure to prioritize victims’ needs—mental care services, physical and privacy protection—and a focus instead on solely providing legal justice. The further deficits that can be found among professionals’ attitudes and behaviors in the courtroom are products of the following: a lack of standardized protocols in addressing the needs of victims; a dearth of technical and evidence-based knowledge and training; a lack of supervision and trauma-informed services to practitioners; high caseloads; a focus on the goal of high conviction rates; not providing open communication toward victims; and a shortage of standardized protocols in dealing with victims.

scholarly journals Policing Male Rape and Sexual Assault

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip N. S. Rumney
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Male Rape ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Criminal Justice Professionals

This article examines an issue that has been largely ignored in the growing literature on the treatment of sexual offences within the criminal justice system, i.e. the treatment of adult male rape and sexual assault complainants by the police. This analysis is based upon a series of interviews with men who have reported their experiences of rape and sexual assault. It considers issues of victim care and satisfaction with the performance of the police, along with other criminal justice professionals. These experiences are placed in a broader research context that indicates some of the features of men's treatment by the police, along with recurrent themes that are also seen in the treatment of female complainants. Finally, this article critically considers claims that the criminal justice's treatment of male and female rape is influenced by gender bias.

scholarly journals Police and Vulnerability in Bail Decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Hughes ◽  
Emma Colvin ◽  
Isabelle Bartkowiak-Théron
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
New South ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Vulnerable People

Since bail legislation was enacted in the 1970s, Australia has experienced a continual increase in the number of prisoners on remand. Amendments to bail legislation and police discretion have been shown to contribute to this increase. Further, an accused’s vulnerability affects whether they are granted or denied bail, with vulnerable people being more likely to be denied bail. Vulnerability in the criminal justice system refers to factors such as race, age, sex and socioeconomic status. Many vulnerable people have multiple intersecting vulnerabilities, which further compounds their contact with the justice system. This study employed a qualitative content analysis of bail legislation for the Australian states of New South Wales (NSW), Tasmania, and Victoria, along with key correlating second reading speeches. The aim was to better understand the way in which bail decision-makers, such as police, consider vulnerability when making decisions about bail, in particular, if and how they are legislated to consider factors relating to vulnerability. The research found that only police in NSW and Victoria were required to consider an accused’s vulnerability explicitly under the law. Although legislation may cater for varying vulnerabilities, intersecting vulnerabilities are not considered.

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