Whose Swadeshi? Contending Nationalisms among Indian Christians

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Tharamangalam
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Lower Caste ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Nationalist Discourse ◽  
Oppositional Discourse ◽  
The One ◽  
Western Hegemony

AbstractThe current resurgence of Hindu fundamentalism in India is broadly situated in the search for a pan-Indian Hindu identity, and in the assertion of a pan-Indian "Hindutva" (Hindu-ness) that is claimed to be the true heritage of Indians. This discourse inevitably involves the demarcation of the "Hindu" from the "other" — minorities defined as less Indian, if not foreign. Historical grievances are constructed against them and used to justify attacks on them. These "others", however, have their own discourses, their own constructions of identities, and their own articulations of historical grievances; and these are not necessarily defensive, or reactions to the Hindu fundamentalist discourse. This paper discusses the nationalist discourse of Indian Christians during the anti-colonial struggles and in the post-colonial era; an era that contained not only a rejection of Western colonial domination, but also a critique of Western hegemony over Christianity itself. Included in this discourse are the celebration of indigenous Christian traditions on the one hand, and the "Inculturation" (or simply, Indianization) of Christianity in such areas as the liturgy and even theology. Ironically, however, this process, spearheaded by the "upper caste" Christian elite, led to an oppositional discourse of the subaltern "lower caste" Christians, who resent what they see as "Sanskritization" or even "Brahminization". They have attempted to formulate their own forms of inculturation, including a sophisticated Dalit Theology. This paper examines the dialectic of these discourses, situating these in their specific historical, local-global contexts.

scholarly journals Perepresentasian Liyan Dalam Novel Ushfur Min Ash-Sharq Karya Tawfiq Al-Hakim

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Hendra Apriyono
Keyword(s):  
Travel Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial Discourse ◽  
The West ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
East And West ◽  
The One ◽  
Western Hegemony

This research is motivated by the imbalance of relations between East and West in Arabic travel literature. The inequality is caused by the representation of the superior (West) and the inferior (East) which is constantly being produced. The novel Uṣfur min al-Syarq by Taufiq al-Hakim as one of Arabic travel literature is considered to offer a different view from other Arabic travel literature by proposing the value of equality between East and West. This research is expected to be able to resolve the problem of inequality in relations between East and West as represented in Arabic travel literature. This research uses another representation strategy from Carl Thompson's travel literary concept which consists of colonial, neo-colonial, and post-colonial strategies. The results of this study found that the representations of the others made by al-Hakim which were dominated by the use of colonial and post-colonial strategies showed that the author occupied two opposing positions. On the one hand, al-Hakim is still trapped in colonial discourse and on the other hand, al-Hakim is not entirely successful in bringing the post-colonial travel agenda to escape from Western hegemony. The equality proposed by al-Hakim regarding the East is inseparable from Western assistance. To realize the equality of the East and the West, al-Hakim used the superiority of the West to face the West in order to defend the East.

The ant as metaphor: Orientalism, imperialism and myrmecology [W. T. Stearn Student Essay]

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-361
Author(s):  
Carissa Chew
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
The Other ◽  
White People ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Inferior Status ◽  
Colonial Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Civilized Society

Myrmecological texts that circulated in Britain in the nineteenth and early twentieth century can be interpreted, from the perspective of the post-colonial theory of Orientalism, as belonging to a wider body of colonial-era European literature that has historically portrayed New World peoples and animals as the “Other”. In implicit ways, colonial-era literature on ant behaviour reproduces the Orientalist dichotomy of civilization and savagery. At different times, the ant colony has been portrayed, somewhat paradoxically, as both a civilized society in miniature and a foreign savage order. On the one hand, some British myrmecological texts rendered the ant as a symbol of Britishness and civilization: the elevated image of the ant reflected the imperialist trope that non-white people were inferior, savage Others. On the other hand, the ant colony was portrayed elsewhere in British myrmecological literature – and in other European texts that were translated into English and circulated in Britain – as a dangerous, merciless and aggressive Otherness itself. Accordingly, in these texts, the ant and the “native” are depicted as accomplices who share an antagonism toward the colonial project. Both these positive and negative representations of the ant reflect and reproduce Orientalist tropes, which have historically been used to emphasize the perceived inferior status of non-white colonial subjects.

Afterword A Long Road To Travel

2018 ◽  
pp. 257-274
Author(s):  
Alec G. Hargreaves ◽  
Mark McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Public Funding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Road ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Box Office ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The One ◽  
Minority Ethnic

In assessing the extent to which creative works by post-migratory artists are shaped by the legacy of the colonial era in present-day France, we delineate a spectrum stretching between two poles – on the one hand, postcolonial entrenchment, and on the other, post/colonial detachment – between which lie a range of more nuanced and multi-polar positions. Politically hard-edged rappers typify the more entrenched end of the spectrum, positioning themselves in conflict with the state and appealing to audiences in which post-colonial minorities are to the fore. More consensual positions, suggesting that France is moving or has moved beyond the polarized divisions of the colonial era, tend to characterize the work of artists such as professional dancers benefiting from public funding and others, such as the filmmaker and actor Dany Boon, whose minority ethnic origins have been largely effaced in productions that have achieved high-profile box office successes among broadly based audiences. The works of many other post-migratory artists are positioned between and in some respects disjunct from these poles, tracing multi-polar trajectories in which Anglophone spaces often displace the binary logic of (post-)colonialism. At the same, many of these artists complain that, no matter how hard they may try to leave behind divisions inherited from the colonial past, they remain in many ways framed by them in majority ethnic eyes, suggesting that a long journey still lies ahead on the road from a neo-colonial to a post/colonial France.

Óscar Romero and the Politics of Sainthood

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-291
Author(s):  
Manuel A. Vasquez ◽  
Anna L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil War ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
The Other ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Holy See ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Face ◽  
Crisis Of Modernity ◽  
The One

In this article, we explore the debates surrounding the proposed canonization of Archbishop Oscar Romero, an outspoken defender of human rights and the poor during the civil war in El Salvador, who was assassinated in March 1980 by paramilitary death squads while saying Mass. More specifically, we examine the tension between, on the one hand, local and popular understandings of Romero’s life and legacy and, on the other hand, transnational and institutional interpretations. We argue that the reluctance of the Vatican to advance Romero’s canonization process has to do with the need to domesticate and “privatize” his image. This depoliticization of Romero’s work and teachings is a part of a larger agenda of neo-Romanization, an attempt by the Holy See to redeploy a post-colonial and transnational Catholic regime in the face of the crisis of modernity and the advent of postmodern relativism. This redeployment is based on the control of local religious expressions, particularly those that advocate for a more participatory church, which have proliferated with contemporary globalization

A Contextual Genealogical Approach to Study the Religious

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Edgar Zavala-Pelayo
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
The One

Abstract The paper seeks to fill the gap in the literature that on the one hand adopts productively a Foucauldian genealogical approach to analyze religious phenomena yet on the other hand offers only minimum details, or no account, of methodological criteria and analytical procedures. Drawing retrospectively on the methodological experiences and insights of the author’s previous genealogical exercises, and the findings of some of the works above, the paper develops a contextual genealogical approach to study the religious in colonial and post-colonial settings with a Christian background. Based on a critical adoption of Nietzschean and Foucauldian tenets and six strategic analytical axes, the approach is presented as an open and flexible context-oriented methodological alternative for the necessarily constant rethinking of the religious in the present.

The Patrimonial Project of Dzhankent

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 467-532
Author(s):  
Irina Arzhantseva ◽  
Svetlana Gorshenina
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Special Place ◽  
National Symbols ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The One

AbstractThe archaeological site of Dzhankent, in addition to its geographical position and the wealth of finds from there, occupies a special place for several other reasons, too. It was the first site in Central Asia to be excavated (1740-1741) and photographed (1858), and it has recently become one of the national symbols of independent Kazakhstan (since 1991). Over the period of more than 270 years during which it has been studied, Dzhankent has been approached by generations of explorers, excavators and researchers from different theoretical positions and with different aims which have corresponded more or less to political or geopolitical programmes. The aim of this contribution is, on the one hand, to show how the various actors who worked at this site related to one another and to the various types of power (local, Tsarist, Soviet), and on the other hand, to analyze the changes in the theoretical approaches of these actors. At the same time, it is important to trace the transformation of Dzhankent, in its pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial contexts, into a memorial supposedly linked to imperial or national identities which, in turn, had been forged around a constructed past.

São Tomé and Príncipe: More than the Land of Cocoa and Coffee

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050006
Author(s):  
Francisco B. S. José Leandro ◽  
Anthony Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
Island State ◽  
Regional Engagement ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
The One

The Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, a small and remote island state, located in the Gulf of Guinea, has long offered little geopolitical and geo-economic interest. This situation is however gradually changing. In fact, since 2016, interest in the country has begun to grow, after the country resumed diplomatic relations with People’s Republic of China (hereafter China) and recognized the “one-China policy”. While the island state and Cabo Verde have followed different development paths in the post-colonial era, both share common features and both have the potential to perform important geopolitical regional roles in the context of the Belt and Road initiative (BRI). This paper discusses São Tomé and Príncipe’s regional engagement in the Gulf of Guinea (GG), the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries (CPLP), and in multi-level cooperation in light of the Forum for Economic and Trade Cooperation between China and Portuguese-Speaking Countries (FM) as well as bilateral cooperation. We argue that São Tomé and Príncipe is of geopolitical value to China and that the island state will serve Chinese interests in extending the BRI in the Gulf of Guinea. The microstate of São Tomé and Príncipe has the potential to transform itself to function as the “Qatar of the Gulf of Guinea”, and contribute to regional stability by providing regional services for shipping, banking, finance, high-quality education, tourism and as an engaged partner. This paper presents a methodological theoretical-inductive and constructivist perspective, combining qualitative, quantitative and non-participant observation.

Morocco: An Islamic Globalizing Monarchy within the Elusive Phenomenon of Arab Spring

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 145-172
Author(s):  
Francesco Alicino
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
African Region ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Arab Spring

Far from taking place in a vacuum, in Morocco the 2011 constitutional revision was assessed both from an internal political perspective and within the broader context of what has come to be called the ‘Arab Spring’. In this manner, the 2011 Moroccan Constitution has indeed marked an unprecedented change, declaring the State’s adherence to the protection of human rights, which are strictly related to the Western history of ‘secular constitutionalism’. Yet, in order to better understand the constitutional transition, one has to consider the religious characteristic of Moroccan monarchy which, on the other hand, makes it a prototype of a ‘globalizing monarchy’, especially within the context ofmena(Middle East and Nord African) region.The Moroccan constitutional transition can in fact be seen as a peculiar tool for taking into account endogenous and exogenous factors respectively. On the one hand, it allows us to investigate how an Islamic specific legal tradition interacts with some principles that represent the pillars of constitutional democracies and that, as such, have been universally recognised; at least in the West. On the other, the exceptionalism of ‘Moroccan spring’ lets us to evaluate how these very principles are contextualized in a peculiar context ofmenaregion; by which, for the same reasons, one can draw more general considerations concerning the relationship between the pressing process of globalization and post-colonial Muslim-majority States.

scholarly journals Negative views towards TVET : the role of colonial and post-colonial TVET policies in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Njenga
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
Negative Parity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

While vital for the social and economic development of Kenya and Africa as whole, Vocational Education remains hampered by a negative parity of esteem. Individuals and households continue to view vocational education as a second option. This is in contrast with the views held by both pre-colonial and post colonial governments. Each successive government has attempted to provide vocational education and made policies to effect widespread provision. This article reviews the history of these policies and identifies the source of negative views towards vocational education on the one hand to discriminatory approaches by colonial governments and on the other hand to the burdening of technical education with the task of employment creation.

scholarly journals For Transdisciplinarity

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Naomi Waltham-Smith
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Intimate Connection ◽  
Homi Bhabha ◽  
Gayatri Spivak ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Critical Moments

This response situates Stephen Amico’s provocation within the context of an intimate connection between postcolonial thought and the drive towards interdisciplinarity. It examines via three critical moments the deeply intertwined desires to destroy the colony on the one hand and disciplinarity on the other. To this end it analyses the debates around interdisciplinarity between Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha, and Laurent Dubreuil, before turning to the explicit thematization of transdisciplinarity as part of the neoliberalization of the university. Finally, the essay turns to Hélène Cixous’s reflections in “Mon Algériance” to develop another way of thinking about the irreducible dispersal and dissemination of disciplinarity and its imbrication in the (post)colonial.

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