Reproduction, seasonal activity and growth of the coral snake, Micrurus corallinus (Elapidae), in the southeastern Atlantic forest in Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otavio A.V. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Coral Snake ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Southeastern Atlantic

AbstractDissection of 360 specimens of the coral snake Micrurus corallinus, combined with data on captive individuals and field observations, provided information on the reproductive ecology of this elapid snake. Clutch size ranged from 2 to 12 eggs, and was correlated with maternal body size. Reproduction seems to be highly seasonal, with mating and vitellogenesis occurring at the onset of the rainy season, oviposition in mid rainy season, and hatching at the end of the rainy season and early dry season. Incubation in the laboratory ranged from 78 to 93 days. Neonates measured 177-197 mm snout-vent length and weighed 2.02-2.76 g. Growth of juveniles is quick, with both males and females attaining sexual maturity at an age of about 18 months. Seasonal patterns of surface activity seem to be related to age and sex.

Reproductive biology of the false coral snake Oxyrhopus guibei (Colubridae) from southeastern Brazil

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otavio Marques ◽  
Lígia Pizzatto
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Coral Snake ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractThe reproductive biology of the false coral snake, Oxyrhopus guibei, was studied through dissection of 496 specimens, combined with observations on captive individuals. Males mature with smaller body size than females, females attain much larger body size, and male-male combat is not expected. Clutch size ranged from 3 to 20, and was correlated with female length. Reproductive cycles in both males and females seem to be continuous, with vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis occurring throughout the year. Reproductive activity in both sexes decreased at the end of the rainy season possibly due to previous intense reproductive activity in more favorable climatic conditions. The smaller number of individuals collected at the end of the rainy season apparently occurs due to the decrease of reproductive activity of this snake.

Paternal care in captive collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx richardsoni) and its effect on development of the offspring

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2740-2745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy M. Shilton ◽  
Ronald J. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Eye Opening ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Rates Of Growth

We examined parental care in captive collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx richardsoni) to determine how this behavior differed between sexes and to test the hypothesis that presence of the male with the litter from parturition to weaning (17 d) would affect preweaning rates of growth, behavioral development, and body size and aggression at sexual maturity. Also, we tested whether stressing the litter, by removal of the female for 8 h/d, would alter the effect of the male on the development of pups. We compared four treatments: pups raised with mother only, pups raised with both parents, stressed pups raised with mother only, and stressed pups raised with both parents. Parental behavior was recorded from parturition to weaning. Preweaning development of pups was measured by rate of weight gain, age of eye opening, and development of thermoregulation and righting ability. Comparisons were made between stressed and unstressed litters raised with or without the sire. At 25 d, pups were weighed again and isolated, and at 60–75 d, their intrasexual aggressive behavior was measured. Presence of the sire did not alter behavior of the dam, and except for lactation, males and females cared equally for the pups. At weaning, stressed pups weighed less than unstressed pups, but this difference disappeared by 25 d. Presence of the sire had no effect on aggression of male or female offspring at 75 d. We concluded that the paternal care shown in this species is either an artifact of laboratory conditions or that it has effects, such as protection of offspring from infanticide or alleviation of thermal stress, that were not examined in this study.

scholarly journals Comparison of body size, relative growth and size at onset sexual maturity of Uca uruguayensis (Crustacea: Decapoda: Ocypodidae) from different latitudes in the south-western Atlantic

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Luis Hirose ◽  
Vivian Fransozo ◽  
Carolina Tropea ◽  
Laura S. López-Greco ◽  
Maria Lucia Negreiros-Fransozo
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Fiddler Crab ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
The South ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Uca Uruguayensis

Some crustaceans show variations of their reproductive biology within their geographical distribution, and knowledge about such variations is important for the comprehension of their reproductive adaptations. This study compared two populations of the fiddler crab Uca uruguayensis from two locations on the south-western Atlantic coast: Ubatuba Bay, São Paulo, Brazil and Samborombón Bay, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The population features analysed were the body size variation (carapace width = CW) and the size at the onset of sexual maturity (SOM) in order to test the hypothesis that the size at SOM, should be the same in relative terms (RSOM), independently of the latitudinal position. In the Brazilian population the CW ranged from 4.18 to 11.60 mm for males and 3.90 to 9.80 mm for females, and in the Argentinean population from 3.60 to 14.10 mm for males and 2.85 to 12.00 mm for females. In the Brazilian population the SOM was 7.1 (RSOM = 0.58) and 5.9 mm CW (RSOM = 0.57) for males and females, respectively, and in the Argentinean population it was 7.0 (RSOM = 0.42) and 6.75 mm CW (RSOM = 0.53) for males and females, respectively. This fact is probably related to a great plasticity in the life history features of Uca uruguayensis under different environmental conditions.

Sexual size dimorphism, diet, and reproductive biology of the Afro-Asian Sand Snake, Psammophis schokari (Psammophiidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Cottone ◽  
Aaron Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractWe measured and dissected 226 museum specimens of Psammophis schokari (Schokari Sand Snake), a widespread, common “whipsnake” occurring in North Africa and southwest Asia. Three aspects of its ecology were investigated: sexual size dimorphism (SSD), diet, and reproductive biology. There was no significant SSD in mean body size or shape for the traits measured. The species is an opportunistic feeder, but preys predominately on lizards. Males and females exhibit their highest levels of sexual activity in synchrony and exhibit prenuptial spermiogenesis and a Type 1 vitellogenic cycle, respectively. Mating occurs at the end of the rainy season and clutch sizes are small. These findings from a Northern Hemisphere temperate sand snake are consistent with previous results for both tropical and south temperate Psammophis. These traits thus appear to be highly conserved within the genus and also exhibit convergence with respect to unrelated colubroid “whipsnakes”.

Sexual dimorphism in the Neotropical lizard, Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata, Tropiduridae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Wiederhecker ◽  
Adriana Pinto ◽  
Guarino Colli
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractWe describe the sexual dimorphism in coloration, body shape, and body size in Tropidurus torquatus, a widely distributed lizard species in central Brazil. Adult males have colored patches varying from yellow to yellow-and-black, and black on the abdomen, ventral aspect of the thighs, and pre-cloacal flap. Adult females lack ventral colored patches. During ontogeny, there is a gradual darkening of the patches, but no modification either in patch size or color is associated with the reproductive cycle. Adult males have wider heads and thinner bodies than females of the same body size. Males and females grow at the same rate prior to sexual maturity, but males take longer to reach sexual maturity, maturing at a larger body size than females.

Body size and age structure of the endangered Clark’s lizard (Darevskia clarkorum) populations from two different altitudes in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Bülbül ◽  
Muammer Kurnaz ◽  
Ali İhsan Eroğlu ◽  
Halime Koç ◽  
Bilal Kutrup
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Maximum Life Span ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Size And Age Structure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Altitudes

We investigated age structure, body size and longevity in two breeding populations ofDarevskia clarkoruminhabiting altitudes ranging from 450 m a.s.l. (Kamilet) to 2250 m a.s.l. (Başyayla) in Turkey by skeletochronology performed on the phalanges. The mean age was found to be 6 years in the Kamilet population and 7 years in the Başyayla population. The maximum life span was 10 years in the lowland population while it was 12 years in the highland population. Age at sexual maturity of both males and females was 1-2 years in the lowland population while it was 2-3 for both sexes in the highland population. Both age and SVL of specimens from the Kamilet population were significantly different between the sexes while age and SVL did not differ significantly between the sexes in Başyayla population. As a conclusion, we observed that the mean age, longevity and age at maturity were increased by altitude while there was a decrease based on the mean SVL in the highland population ofD. clarkorum. Our data on body size, longevity and age at sexual maturity may contribute to conservation efforts for this endangered species.

scholarly journals THE CACAO FLOWER VISITOR INSECTS DIVERSITY AND THEIR POTENTIALITIES AS POLLINATORS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Samsuri Tarmadja
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insect Diversity ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Flower Visitor ◽  
Flower Visitors ◽  
Mealy Bug

<p>The cacao flower is beautiful, but small in size, unique in another way, and it has no smell. There a reason that bees do not attracted for pollinating the cacao flowers. Study on the diversities of flower visitor insects and their potentialities as pollinators was conducted on smallholder cacao plantations at Gumawang-Puthat village, Pathuksubdistrict of Gunungkidul in October 2012 to January 2013. First, field observations on 10 open flowers per plant and 10 plants per period. Second, we placed yellow paper sticky-traps on flowering sections of cacao trunks, collecting insects that became entangled. The results showed that eight species of insects visited cacao flowers. The largest populations occur in the rainy season. Aphid Toxopteraaurantii, mealy bug Planococcuslilacinus, black ants (Dolichoderusbituberculatus), Crematogaster ants and ngangrang (Anoplolepislongipes), were common cacao flower visitor, but not all role as pollinators. Aphid was potential as pollinator for self compatible clones. Mealy bug infested as pest on cushion and stalk of flower. Black ants, Crematogaster ants, and ngangrangas symbionts of aphids and mealy bug and also no act as pollinators. Drosophila flies as flower visitors, but only outside sepal and not into the petal sac and style. Only midges Cecidomyiid and Ceratopogonid were potential as pollinators, due to the body size, character of morphology and activity in the flower were proportionate as pollinator. <br /><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Insect diversity, visitor and pollinator, cacao</p>

Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
June July ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

Variation within and between Rivers in Adult Size and Sea Age at Maturity of Anadromous Brown Trout, Salmo trutta

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Henning L'Abée-Lund
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Migration Distance ◽  
Spawning Area ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

I compared adult size and sea age at sexual maturity among nine populations of anadromous brown trout, Salmo trutta, in two Norwegian rivers to determine the extent of inter- and intrariverine variations. Variation in the mean length of spawners and in the mean sea age at sexual maturity were mainly dependent on the variations found within rather than between rivers. Mean lengths and mean age at maturity of males increased significantly with increasing altitude of the spawning area and with migration distance in freshwater. In females, positive significant correlations were found with mean lengths and altitude of the spawning area and with mean sea age at maturity and both spawning site altitude and migration distance. Mean lengths and ages of males and females were not significantly correlated with the rate of water discharge in the streams during spawning. The size of gravel substrate for spawning was of minor importance in explaining interpopulation variation in mean female size. The increase noted in mean length and in mean sea age at maturity of both males and females is probably an adaptation to greater energy expenditure to reach the uppermost natal spawning areas.

Morphometrics and molecular analysis ofOzolaimus linstowin. sp. (Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae) from the green lizardIguana iguana

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Malysheva
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Buccal Capsule ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Spicule Length ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Characteristic Features

AbstractOzolaimus linstowin. sp. is described from the large intestine ofIguana iguanaLinnaeus, 1758 from Mexico. The present species can be easily distinguished fromO. megatyphlonandO. cirratusby the presence of a long and slender pharynx not divided into sections, more similar to the remaining two species,O. monhysteraandO. ctenosauri. Ozolaimus linstowin. sp. can be differentiated fromO. monhysteraby the shorter spicule length and smaller body size of both males and females. Males ofO. linstowin. sp. are morphologically close to those ofO. ctenosauri, but females possess a markedly smaller body size and differ in the organization of the oral cuticular armature. Adult males ofO. linstowin. sp. bear some characteristic features of the J3 juvenile morphology in terms of the cuticular organization of the oral and buccal capsule. Phylogenetic analysis ofO.linstowin. sp. using partial small subunit (SSU) and D2–D3 large subunit (LSU) rDNA shows relationships with several Oxyuridae genera.

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