Oxygen and the Trade-off between Egg Ventilation and Brood Protection in the Common Goby

Behaviour ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
pp. 819-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie Jones ◽  
John Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Shore Crabs ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Goby

Abstract1. We examined compromises between defence of nests against predation and ventilation of eggs in the common goby (Pomatoschistus microps). Females are known to prefer nests with small entrances, which are less vulnerable to predatory shore crabs, Carcinus maenus. However, small nest entrances may hamper egg ventilation by males. This may be especially detrimental under conditions of low dissolved oxygen. 2. Males did not make smaller entrances to their nests when in the presence of predatory crabs, but they had larger entrances under low oxygen than in normal oxygen levels. 3. Males diverted time from ventilating nests to attacking crabs. 4. Thus, males exchanged direct care of the eggs for protection against predators by reducing their fanning activity, but not according to needs of their eggs for oxygenation. This trade-off may therefore impose a greater cost to egg survival for males in low oxygen.

Some Effects of Temporary Exposure to Low Dissolved Oxygen Levels on Pacific Salmon Eggs

1958 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Alderdice ◽  
W. P. Wickett ◽  
J. R. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels

Eggs of the chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) were exposed to various constant levels of dissolved oxygen for a period of seven days. The procedure was repeated with fresh egg samples at various developmental stages. Temperatures were constant at 10 °C. from fertilization to hatching. Estimates of oxygen consumption uninhibited by low dissolved oxygen levels were obtained at various stages of egg development for whole eggs and also on the basis of the weight of larvae, excluding the yolk. Eggs were most sensitive to hypoxia between 100–200 Centigrade degree-days and compensated for reduced oxygen availability by reducing the oxygen demand and rate of development. Very low oxygen levels at early incubation stages resulted in the production of monstrosities. At about the time the circulatory system becomes functional the compensatory reduction in rate of growth under hypoxial conditions is reduced, but eggs no longer survive extreme hypoxial conditions. Eggs subjected to low dissolved oxygen levels just prior to hatching hatch prematurely at a rate dependent on the degree of hypoxia. The maximum premature hatching rate corresponded approximately with the median lethal oxygen level. Estimated median lethal levels rose slowly from fertilization to hatching. Oxygen consumption per egg rose from fertilization to hatching while the consumption per gram of larval tissue declined from a high to a low level at about the time of blastopore closure. Subsequently, a slight rise in the rate occurred up to a level which was more or less constant to hatching. "Critical" dissolved oxygen levels were calculated and they appear to define the oxygen level above which respiratory rate is unmodified by oxygen availability. Critical levels ranged from about 1 p.p.m. in early stages to over 7 p.p.m. shortly before hatching.

scholarly journals NTPDase and acetylcholinesterase activities in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Heptapteridae) exposed to interaction of oxygen and ammonia levels

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer ◽  
Vania Lúcia Loro ◽  
Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger ◽  
Vera Maria Morsch ◽  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen

The effects of various levels of oxygen saturation and ammonia concentration on NTPDase (ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, E.C. 3.6.1.5) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE, E.C. 3.1.1.7) activities in whole brain of teleost fish (Rhamdia quelen) were investigated. The fish were exposed to one of two different dissolved oxygen levels, including high oxygen (6.5 mg.L-1) or low oxygen (3.5 mg.L-1), and one of two different ammonia levels, including high ammonia (0.1 mg.L-1) or low ammonia (0.03 mg.L-1) levels. The four experimental groups included the following (A) control, or high dissolved oxygen plus low NH3; (B) low dissolved oxygen plus low NH3; (C) high dissolved oxygen plus high NH3; (D) low dissolved oxygen plus high NH3. We found that enzyme activities were altered after 24 h exposure in groups C and D. ATP and ADP hydrolysis in whole brain of fish was enhanced in group D after 24 h exposure by 100% and 119%, respectively, compared to the control group. After 24 h exposure, AChE activity presented an increase of 34% and 39% in groups C and D, respectively, when compared to the control group. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that low oxygen levels increase ammonia toxicity. Moreover, the hypoxic events may increase blood flow by hypoxia increasing NTPDase activity, thus producing adenosine, a potent vasodilator.

A study of water quality in an urban river and potential improvement using a prototype instream aerator

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Town ◽  
D. S. Mavinic ◽  
B. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Urban River ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Levels

Urban encroachment and intensive agricultural activity within the Serpentine–Nicomekl watershed (near Vancouver, B.C.) have caused a series of fish (salmon) kills on the Serpentine River since 1980. Low dissolved oxygen was responsible for these kills. This field project investigated some of the dynamic chemical and biological relationships within the river, as well as the use of an instream aerator as a temporary, in situ, water quality improvement measure. Weekly sampling for a 6-month period during the latter half of 1985 established a solid data base for deriving and interpreting meaningful interrelationships. A strong correlation between chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen levels before the algae die-off supported the hypothesis that algae blooms dying in the fall could create a serious oxygen demand. Because of these environmental conditions, the river is unable to sustain healthy dissolved oxygen levels during this period. As such, a prototype, 460 m artificial aeration line was designed, installed, and monitored to evaluate its potential for alleviating low dissolved oxygen conditions and improving overall water quality during the critical fall period.The instream aerator ran continuously for over 2 months, starting in September 1985. Despite better-than-expected weather conditions (i.e., cool, wet weather) and relatively high dissolved oxygen levels during the fall of 1985, the data base appeared to support the use of this prototype aeration unit as a means of "upgrading" a stretch of an urban river subject to periodic, low dissolved oxygen levels. As a result, a 2-year follow-up study and river monitoring was initiated. In both 1986 and 1987, late summer and early fall river conditions resulted in the potential for serious salmon kills, due to higher-than-normal river temperatures and very low dissolved oxygen. In both instances, the instream aerator prevented such fish kills in a key stretch of the river. Expansion of the system to include other critical stretches of the Serpentine and other urban river systems, near Vancouver, is being considered. Key words: algae, aerator, chlorophyll a, eutrophic, fish kills, instream aeration, river improvement, urban river.

A procedure for short-term bioassay tests on industrial effluents of low oxygen content

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 794-795
Author(s):  
G. Ozburn ◽  
J. Kraft ◽  
L. Somppi
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen

Oxygenation of industrial effluents with a low dissolved oxygen content has been achieved by a method which greatly reduces the possibility of stripping volatile toxins within the effluent. The decrease in toxicity that occurs if a sample is aerated with a bubbler before testing can be shown clearly with this procedure.

Lake Erie Oxygen; The Prehistoric Record

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Delorme
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Surficial Sediments ◽  
Oxygen Levels

Periodic anoxia as a symptom of eutrophication has lasted for hundreds, maybe thousands, of years in the central basin of Lake Erie. Fossil ostracode remains in sediment cores show that a common species, Candona caudata, has been able to survive despite periodic anoxia because of its tolerance to low dissolved oxygen (as low as 2.3 mg/L at 16.5 °C) and a short life cycle of weeks to several months. These qualities have enabled it to survive despite oxygen levels below 2.3 mg/L. Two other species, Candona subtriangulata and Cytherissa lacustris, that were expected in the sediment cores were not present. They were not able to cope with periodic low oxygen levels because of their requirement for higher dissolved oxygen (5.6 mg/L at 11.5 °C, 3.0 mg/L at 12.8 °C) and a life cycle of about 1 yr. This condition appears to have been common in the lower part of some of the sediment cores examined. A time-transgressive change in carbon concentration occurred in the surficial sediments of the central basin. A decrease in carbon started in the Sandusky basin around 4000 yr ago and gradually extended itself to the middle of the central basin by 1220 A.D. The loss of carbonate in the upper part of the sediment profile probably resulted from trapping of carbon dioxide, produced by the decomposition of organic material by oxidation and bacterial activity, in the hypolimnion.Key words: Lake Erie, periodic anoxia, ostracodes, inorganic carbon, organic carbon

scholarly journals Practical Considerations of Dissolved Oxygen Levels for Platelet Function under Hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13223
Author(s):  
Branden Kusanto ◽  
Andrew Gordon ◽  
Leigh Naylor-Adamson ◽  
Lloyd Atkinson ◽  
Charlie Coupland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Platelet Spreading

Investigating human platelet function in low-oxygen environments is important in multiple settings, including hypobaric hypoxia (e.g., high altitude), sea level hypoxia-related disease, and thrombus stability. These studies often involve drawing blood from which platelets are isolated and analysed at atmospheric conditions or re-exposed to low oxygen levels in hypoxia chambers before testing. However, it remains unknown how the in vitro handling of the samples itself changes their dissolved oxygen concentration, which might affect platelet function and experimental results. Here, we prepared healthy donor platelet-rich plasma and washed platelet (WP) suspensions and exposed them to 2% oxygen. We found that the use of hypoxia pre-equilibrated tubes, higher platelet concentrations (>2 × 108/mL versus 2 × 107/mL), smaller volumes (600 µL versus 3 mL), and presence of plasma reduced the time for samples to reach 2% oxygen. Notably, oxygen levels decreased below 2% in most suspensions, but also in WP maintained at atmospheric 21% oxygen. Additionally, platelet spreading on fibrinogen was decreased when using hypoxic fibrinogen-coated culture plates regardless of the oxygen percentage (2% or 21%) in which platelet incubation took place. Thus, sample handling and experimental conditions should be carefully monitored in platelet-hypoxia studies as they might compromise results interpretation and comparison across studies.

Tolerance to low dissolved oxygen by the tubicolous polychaete Loimia medusa

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto J. Llanso ◽  
Robert J. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Severe Hypoxia ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Tolerance and behaviour to hypoxia and anoxia by the annelid Loimia medusa (Savigny) (Polychaeta: Terebellidae), a common species in estuarine habitats where summer hypoxic events often occur, were examined in the laboratory. The worm can tolerate anoxia or severe hypoxia (7% air saturation at 26°C) for 3 to 5 d. Under low dissolved oxygen (<14% air saturation) feeding stops, although tube irrigation continues and periodic protrusions from the tube are common. Most worms come out to the sediment surface, but the number of worms dead on the surface is higher in anoxia than in hypoxia. The prevalence of L. medusa in deep estuarine channels may be partially explained by its tolerance to prolonged periods of hypoxia (14 d at 14% air saturation). Our data, however, suggest that subtle changes in oxygen concentrations may be important in the control of populations of L. medusa in habitats affected by low oxygen disturbances.

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