Work-themed play among young children in foraging and farming communities in Central Africa

Behaviour ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 153 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 663-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary N. Fouts ◽  
Carin L. Neitzel ◽  
Lauren R. Bader
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Subsistence Economy ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Adult Roles

In small-scale societies children have great access to observing adult roles and this is often reflected in their play, however very few empirical studies of work-themed play have been conducted despite substantial implications that this type of play has for social learning. The current study describes the work-themed play patterns of 1 1/2- to 4-year-old Aka and Bofi foragers and Bofi farmers in Central Africa and examines the extent to which subsistence economy, age, and gender predicted how often children were observed engaging in work-themed play and characteristics of work-themed play. Overall, farmer children engaged in more work-themed play than forager children. Very few gender differences were observed in work-themed play. Age and subsistence economy predicted tendencies for children to be near adults while engaged in work-themed play and to use objects in their work-themed play.

Healthy Children and Fears about Death

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelore Wass
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Some explanations for the paucity of empirical studies of death fears in healthy, nonbereaved children are offered, and issues in studying this topic are discussed. Three major findings from the existing literature — occurrence, age/developmental differences, and gender differences in frequency, intensity, and quality — are presented, followed by a discussion of questions that remain largely unanswered and explanations that may need revision.

scholarly journals Exploiting the Molecular Basis of Age and Gender Differences in Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infections.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Mercatelli ◽  
Elisabetta Pedace ◽  
Pierangelo Veltri ◽  
Federico M. Giorgi ◽  
Pietro Hiram Guzzi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender

Do They Really Mean It? Children’s Inference of Speaker Intentions and the Role of Age and Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-712
Author(s):  
K. Rothermich ◽  
O. Caivano ◽  
L.J. Knoll ◽  
V. Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Speaker Intentions ◽  
And Gender

Interpreting other people’s intentions during communication represents a remarkable challenge for children. Although many studies have examined children’s understanding of, for example, sarcasm, less is known about their interpretation. Using realistic audiovisual scenes, we invited 124 children between 8 and 12 years old to watch video clips of young adults using different speaker intentions. After watching each video clip, children answered questions about the characters and their beliefs, and the perceived friendliness of the speaker. Children’s responses reveal age and gender differences in the ability to interpret speaker belief and social intentions, especially for scenarios conveying teasing and prosocial lies. We found that the ability to infer speaker belief of prosocial lies and to interpret social intentions increases with age. Our results suggest that children at the age of 8 years already show adult-like abilities to understand literal statements, whereas the ability to infer specific social intentions, such as teasing and prosocial lies, is still developing between the age of 8 and 12 years. Moreover, girls performed better in classifying prosocial lies and sarcasm as insincere than boys. The outcomes expand our understanding of how children observe speaker intentions and suggest further research into the development of teasing and prosocial lie interpretation.

scholarly journals Age and gender differences in excitation-contraction coupling of the rat ventricle

1998 ◽  
Vol 511 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Normand Leblanc ◽  
Denis Chartier ◽  
Hugues Gosselin ◽  
Jean-Lucien Rouleau
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rat Ventricle
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