Contribution to the special issue on Reptile cognition: Chemically mediated self-recognition in sibling juvenile common gartersnakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) reared on same or different diets: evidence for a chemical mirror?

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Gordon M. Burghardt ◽  
Adam M. Partin ◽  
Harry E. Pepper ◽  
Jordan M. Steele ◽  
Samuel M. Liske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thamnophis Sirtalis ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Balanced Design ◽  
Squamate Reptiles ◽  
Fish Diets ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Tongue Flicking ◽  
Visually Based

Abstract Although self-recognition or self-awareness has been studied with the visually-based mirror test, passed by several species, primarily apes, the possibility of a chemically-based analogue is controversial. Prior studies suggested that chemical self-recognition may occur in some squamate reptiles. To evaluate this possibility, we studied 24 individually housed gartersnakes, Thamnophis sirtalis, raised from birth on either earthworm or fish diets and tested 12 male and 12 female snakes with cage liners that were either clean, their own, or from same-sex siblings fed their own or the opposite diet. Tongue flicking and activity were recorded in 30-minute video-recorded trials in a balanced design. After initial habituation to the stimuli, male, but not female, snakes discriminated between their own stimuli and those from littermates fed the same diet. Combined with other data and studies, the possibility that a chemical ‘mirror’ form of self-recognition exists in squamate reptiles is supported.

Grey wolf may show signs of self-awareness with the sniff test of self-recognition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Roberto Cazzolla Gatti ◽  
Alena Velichevskaya ◽  
Benjamin Gottesman ◽  
Karen Davis
Keyword(s):  
Self Awareness ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Self Recognition

scholarly journals Special Issue on Same-Sex Attraction: An Overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-322
Author(s):  
Philip Bochanski
Keyword(s):  
Special Issue ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Sex Attraction

Culturally Informed Sport Psychology: Introduction to the Special Issue

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schinke ◽  
Zella E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Cultural Constructs ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Culturally Informed

Sport psychologists work with athletes from a vast array of cultural backgrounds. Numerous factors comprise the cultural composition of both the client and the practitioner, including, though not necessarily limited to, ethnicity, socioeconomic background and status, race, socialization, sexual orientation, religion, gender, and geographic location. These intersecting and often deeply ingrained personal variables can certainly impact the nature of the therapeutic relationship, intervention strategies, and intervention outcomes with athletic clientele. Yet, while other domains of professional psychology have long embraced the integration of cultural aspects, the field of sport psychology has been slow to join the dialogue or to learn from these relevant sources. Therefore, this special issue of the Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology was conceptualized and constructed with the intention of opening these lines of discussion to help ensure that sport psychologists are gaining a comprehensive understanding of the athletes with whom they work, demonstrating respect for and integration of cultural constructs in the treatment room, and maintaining personal and professional self-awareness. As Co-Editors of this unique special issue, Drs. Robert Schinke and Zella Moore provide the present paper to begin this important dialogue. This paper sets the stage for six informative articles by leading professionals in their areas, including both theoretical articles and articles highlighting culturally informed direct service provision with athletes from around the world. We hope that this timely special issue leads to numerous additional questions, cutting-edge research ideas, and most importantly, an enhanced or renewed commitment from sport psychologists to integrate the concepts found within these pages, and those already found within the professional literature of mainstream psychology, into their daily work with athletes.

scholarly journals Cleaner wrasse pass the mark test. What are the implications for consciousness and self-awareness testing in animals?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kohda ◽  
Takashi Hotta ◽  
Tomohiro Takeyama ◽  
Satoshi Awata ◽  
Hirokazu Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Labroides Dimidiatus ◽  
Mark Test ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Major Taxon ◽  
Frequent Observation

AbstractThe ability to perceive and recognise a reflected mirror image as self (mirror self-recognition, MSR) is considered a hallmark of cognition across species. Although MSR has been reported in mammals and birds, it is not known to occur in any other major taxon. A factor potentially limiting the ability to test for MSR is that the established assay for MSR, the mark test, shows an interpretation bias towards animals with the dexterity (or limbs) required to touch a mark. Here, we show that the cleaner wrasse fish, Labroides dimidiatus, passes through all phases of the mark test: (i) social reactions towards the reflection, (ii) repeated idiosyncratic behaviours towards the mirror (contingency testing), and (iii) frequent observation of their reflection. When subsequently provided with a coloured tag, individuals attempt to remove the mark in the presence of a mirror but show no response towards transparent marks, or to coloured marks in the absence of a mirror. This remarkable finding presents a challenge to our interpretation of the mark test – do we accept that these behavioural responses in the mark test, which are taken as evidence of self-recognition in other species, mean that fish are self-aware? Or do we conclude that these behavioural patterns have a basis in a cognitive process other than self-recognition? If the former, what does this mean for our understanding of animal intelligence? If the latter, what does this mean for our application and interpretation of the mark test as a metric for animal cognitive abilities?

scholarly journals BECOMING A TEACHER: HOW TO RECOGNIZE THE SELF AS A LEADER IS A CLASSROOM

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Vilma Zydziunaite ◽  
Lina Kaminskiene ◽  
Vaida Jurgile ◽  
Tetiana Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Leadership ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Teacher Professionalism ◽  
Teacher Leader ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
High Degree

The notion of ‘teacher leader in a classroom’ recently has been shifted. In the past, teacher leadership in a classroom was limited to didactics and expertise. Teachers have long served as ‘executors’, ‘executants’, not ‘leaders’ who are capable to manage the change and co-creation of knowledge within the interaction with students in a classroom. The aim of the study is to provide the descriptive analysis on contemporary research-based development regarding teacher leadership with the focus on concepts such as ‘becoming a teacher’, ‘professionalism of a teacher’, ‘co-creation’ and ‘teacher leadership’. Methods. The study is based on descriptive theoretical analysis. Conclusion. Becoming a teacher is the continuous process and means accepting the chal-lenge of imparting knowledge and guidance and approaching a high degree of ambivalence as it requires great diligence on the part of the teacher to be able to carry out her / his pro-fessional responsibilities. Co-creation is inseparable part of both - becoming a teacher and being a teacher leader as it helps to support the positive teaching-learning relationships and create the effective learning environments. Teacher leadership in a classroom is impossible to implement without self- recognition, which means in teaching practices teacher’s self-awareness.

scholarly journals Emerging Self-Representation Presents a Challenge for Perspective Tracking in Infancy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Yeung ◽  
Dimitrios Askitis ◽  
Velisar Manea ◽  
Victoria Southgate
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Dilation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Conflict Processing ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Self Recognition

The capacity to track another’s perspective is present from early in life, with young infants ostensibly able to predict others’ behaviour even when the self and other perspective are at odds. Yet, infants’ abilities are difficult to reconcile with the well-documented challenge that older children face when they need to ignore their own perspective. Here we provide evidence that it is the emergence of self-representation, from around 18 months, that likely creates a perspective conflict between self and other. Using mirror self-recognition as a measure of self-awareness and pupil dilation to index conflict processing, our results show that mirror recognisers perceive greater conflict than non-recognisers when viewing a scenario in which the self and other have divergent perspectives, specifically when the conflict between self and other is salient. These results suggest that infants’ perspective tracking abilities may benefit from an initial absence of self-representation.

The Reception of the Bible in the Construction of Masculinities in Jewish and Christian Con/Texts

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter-Ben Smit ◽  
Ovidiu Creangă ◽  
Adriaan van Klinken
Keyword(s):  
Global South ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Future ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Embodied Practice

AbstractThe introduction to this special issue reviews the articles collected and presented in the volume. After an overview of the contents, the chapter turns to a more refined discussion of the insights resulting from the collection. These insights concern the productivity as well as limitations of canonicity, the importance of contextuality, the embodied practice of masculinity and the subsequent need to acknowledge intersectionality, and finally, it problematizes the rhetoric of ‘tradition(al)’ or ‘biblical’ masculinity. Mapping the future of the study of biblical reception and masculinities, the introduction identifies key issues and areas for further research. These are the necessity of a greater emphasis on multidisciplinarity, the need to demonstrating hermeneutical self-awareness, and a broadening of the scope of the field to include the Qur’an and Muslim cultures as well as newly emerging forms of Christianity in the global South. These features are key to the study of the reception of biblical masculinities going forward.

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