Use of a cold-active entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema kraussei to control overwintering larvae of the black vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in outdoor strawberry plants

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 925-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Edmondson ◽  
Paul Richardson ◽  
Deena Willmott ◽  
Andrew Hart ◽  
Steve Long
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Cold Active ◽  
Clear Dose Response ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
Baermann Funnel

AbstractThe susceptibility of overwintering black vine weevil larvae Otiorhynchus sulcatus to a cold-active entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema kraussei (isolate L137) and a commercial proprietary biopesticide, Steinernema carpocapsae (Exhibit) was assessed on outdoor potted strawberry plants. Nematodes were applied at a range of doses in early winter at a field site located in Warwickshire, England. Three months later, infestation and mortality of vine weevils were assessed. There was a clear dose response observed for S. kraussei applications. Up to 81% of vine weevil control was recorded by this nematode at the highest dose of 60 000 nematodes per pot, whereas treatments with S. carpocapsae caused no significant mortality at the dose rates used. Dissection of vine weevil larvae showed infective juveniles had developed to adults within the host. Recovery of nematodes at the end of the experiment indicated that S. kraussei (L137) was able to survive winter field conditions including prolonged exposure to low temperatures (averaging 2.7°C during the experiment) in contrast to S. carpocapsae which showed poor survival. Of the two extraction methods used, the Baermann funnel technique was found to be more efficient than Galleria mellonella baiting, with up to 44% of the original highest dose of S. kraussei nematodes being recovered by Baermann funnel compared to 8% with G. mellonella at 18°C. These results suggest S. kraussei (L137) has potential as a commercial biocontrol agent against O. sulcatus at low temperatures.

Infection, development, and reproduction of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema arenarium (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) in the black vine weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomae Kakouli-Duarte ◽  
Nigel G.M. Hague
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Total Body

AbstractSteinernema arenarium (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) completed a single generation in larvae of Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), at 23 degrees C. From the time of initial exposure of the insects to the nematodes, infection, formation of adults, and appearance of infective juveniles (IJ) occurred at 18, 48, and 120 h, respectively. In second instar (L2) O. sulcatus, small stunted females developed, but in late instar larvae (L6), stunted females co-existed with normal sized females. The stunted female nematodes developing in L6 O. sulcatus produced stunted progeny and the giant females normal sized IJ. The total body length and greatest body diameter of the larger IJ from O. sulcatus were similar to those recorded for normal sized IJ exiting Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The length of the small IJ was just over half the length of the large IJ produced in O. sulcatus and G. mellonella. IJ of both size groups were pathogenic to G. mellonella, and the small IJ matured into normal giant females within larger hosts. Small IJ of S. arenarium were able to infect L2 O. sulcatus in significantly higher numbers than normal sized IJ. The reasons for the single generation and production of stunted females and IJ are addressed. Infestation, developpement et reproduction du nematode entomopathogene Steinernema arenarium (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) sur Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)- Steinernema arenarium (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) n'accomplit, a 23 degrees C, qu'une seule generation dans les larves d'Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). A partir de la mise en presence de l'insecte et des nematodes, l'infestation, la formation des adultes et l'apparition des juveniles infestants (IJ) se produisent en, respectivement, 18, 48 et 120 heures. Dans les larves de deuxieme stade (L2) d'O. sulcatus il se developpe des femelles petites et rabougries tandis que dans les larves de dernier stade (L6) de petites femelles coexistent avec des femelles de taille normale. Les petites femelles du nematode qui se sont developpees dans les L6 d'O. sulcatus ont une descendance rabougrie tandis que les femelles geantes produisent des IJ de taille normale. La longueur du corps et le diametre maximal des plus grandes IJ provenant d'O. sulcatus sont equivalents a ceux des IJ de taille normale provenant de Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). La longueur des petites IJ depasse de peu la moitie de celle des grandes IJ produites chez O. sulcatus et G. mellonella. Les IJ des deux groupes de taille sont pathogenes envers G. mellonella, et les petites IJ se developpent en femelles geantes, normales, dans des hotes de plus grande taille. Les petites IJ de S. arenarium peuvent infester O. sulcatus en nombre significativement plus eleve que les IJ de taille normale. Les causes de la generation unique et de la production de femelles et IJ rabougris sont discutees.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biological and Chemical Control Methods for Black Vine Weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Container Grown Perennials

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Stanton Gill ◽  
Joanne Lutz ◽  
Paula Shrewsbury ◽  
Michael Raupp
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
Container Plant

Abstract Three trials involving the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poiner) provided convincing evidence that this entomopathogenic nematode can provide highly effective control of black vine weevil larvae under conventional methods of container plant production. In all trials, the application of nematodes significantly reduced populations of weevil larvae relative to levels found in the untreated containers. The first and second trials, using Bergenia and Heuchera, confirmed that H. bacteriophora applied at two rates caused substantial mortality to black vine weevil larvae. The third trial revealed that H. bacteriophora applied to Epimedium provided levels of control comparable to those of imidacloprid and acephate. In all trials, populations of weevil larvae were reduced by 90–100% following the application of H. bacteriophora.

Otiorhynchus sulcatus. [Distribution map].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Otiorhynchus Sulcatus ◽  
Black Vine Weevil ◽  
St Helena ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Culculionidae (vine weevil, strawberry, cyclamen or black vine weevil). Attacks strawberry, grapevine, Cyclamen. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Yugoslavia, USSR, Russian SFSR, European USSR, Africa, St. Helena, Egypt, Asia, Japan, Australasia and Pacific Islands, Australia, Tasmania, Chatham Islands, Hawaii, New Zealand, North America, Canada, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Alaska, Arizona, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin, South America, Chile, Colombia.

Circulating Interleukin-1-Beta Levels after Acute and Prolonged Exposure to Low Temperatures: Human and Rat Studies

2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Tringali ◽  
Stefano Farrace ◽  
Enzo Ragazzoni ◽  
Cinzia Dello Russo ◽  
Roberta Piscitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta

scholarly journals First record of a cold-active entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema kraussei (Steiner) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in Slovenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Žiga Laznik ◽  
Tímea Tóth ◽  
Tamás Lakatos ◽  
Matej Vidrih ◽  
Stanislav Trdan
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
First Record ◽  
Cold Active

scholarly journals Transcriptional variation and divergence of host-finding behaviour in Steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Warnock ◽  
Deborah Cox ◽  
Ciaran McCoy ◽  
Robert Morris ◽  
Johnathan J. Dalzell
Keyword(s):  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Infective Juvenile ◽  
Neuronal Genes ◽  
Sodium Transporter

Abstract Background Steinernema carpocapsae is an entomopathogenic nematode that employs nictation and jumping behaviours to find potential insect hosts. Here we aimed to investigate the transcriptional basis of variant host-finding behaviours in the infective juvenile (IJ) stage of three S. carpocapsae strains (ALL, Breton and UK1), with a focus on neuronal genes known to influence behaviour in other nematode species. Identifying gene expression changes that correlate with variant host-finding behaviours will further our understanding of nematode biology. Results RNA-seq analysis revealed that whilst up to 28% of the S. carpocapsae transcriptome was differentially expressed (P < 0.0001) between strains, remarkably few of the most highly differentially expressed genes (> 2 log2 fold change, P < 0.0001) were from neuronal gene families. S. carpocapsae Breton displays increased chemotaxis toward the laboratory host Galleria mellonella, relative to the other strains. This correlates with the up-regulation of four srsx chemosensory GPCR genes, and a sodium transporter gene, asic-2, relative to both ALL and UK1 strains. The UK1 strain exhibits a decreased nictation phenotype relative to ALL and Breton strains, which correlates with co-ordinate up-regulation of neuropeptide like protein 36 (nlp-36), and down-regulation of an srt family GPCR gene, and a distinct asic-2-like sodium channel paralogue. To further investigate the link between transcriptional regulation and behavioural variation, we sequenced microRNAs across IJs of each strain. We have identified 283 high confidence microRNA genes, yielding 321 predicted mature microRNAs in S. carpocapsae, and find that up to 36% of microRNAs are differentially expressed (P < 0.0001) between strains. Many of the most highly differentially expressed microRNAs (> 2 log2 fold, P < 0.0001) are predicted to regulate a variety of neuronal genes that may contribute to variant host-finding behaviours. We have also found evidence for differential gene isoform usage between strains, which alters predicted microRNA interactions, and could contribute to the diversification of behaviour. Conclusions These data provide insight to the transcriptional basis of behavioural variation in S. carpocapsae, supporting efforts to understand the molecular basis of complex behaviours in nematodes.

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